Reign of Styrum
The rule of Styrum was ruled from the 13th century to 1806 by the line of the Counts Limburg-Styrum of the House of Limburg and got its name from the settlement of Styrum .
Location and importance
The historical rule was until 1806 in the area of today's city of Mülheim an der Ruhr in its districts Styrum , Altstadt II , Broich and Speldorf as an enclave within the Broich rule . The Imperial Immediate Glory Styrum was one of the smallest territories in the Holy Roman Empire. In addition to Styrum Castle and the associated farm buildings, it also consisted of a house chapel and a somewhat adjacent forest as well as seven surrounding farms. The Styrum rulership was traversed by the Ruhr, which divided the approximately 300 hectare property into two parts, about a third of the property was northwest of the Ruhr, while the two-thirds larger domain was west-southwest of the river. Both parts were connected by a ferry. The actual weight of this very small rule was due to the very large number of feudal estates, which were scattered far over the Lower Rhine and Westphalian areas. This area was bordered in the north by Bocholt and Stadtlohn, in the east by Ahlen and Soest, in the south along a line with the places Velmede, Schwert, Letmathe and Neviges, while in the west it extended to Rheinberg and Wesel.
history
First, in 1289, Count Eberhard von Limburg , a grandson of Friedrich von Isenberg , named himself Count von Limburg-Styrum. In the same year, he and his father Dietrich von Altena-Isenberg had a first castle house built instead of an old farm in Styrum . His descendants ruled Limburg-Styrum without interruption. In 1442 the rule was granted imperial fiefdom status .
With the marriage of Georg von Limburg-Styrum to Irmgard von Wisch , who was heiress of Bronkhorst and Wisch , these possessions were added to Styrum. Through the marriage of Jobst of Limburg-Styrum with Countess Maria von Schauenburg-Holstein, who was heir to the rule of Gemen , Gemen also joined Styrum. After the death of Hermann Otto I of Limburg-Styrum , the estates were divided between his sons through an inheritance division , with Otto receiving the dominions of Bronkhorst and Borculo and establishing the still existing Dutch-Belgian line; Adolf Ernst received the Westphalian rule of Gemen and from 1677 (until 1772) also the Central Swabian rule of Illereichen ; Raesfeld Castle was added in 1733 ; Gemen fell in inheritance to the Barons von Boyneburg -Bömelberg after this line died out in 1800 and was mediatized in 1806. Moritz received the rule of Styrum with Mülheim an der Ruhr in this division of the estate ; In 1766 (until 1777) Idar-Oberstein with Oberstein Castle was added for a short time ; this line was mediated to the Duchy of Berg in 1806 and expired in 1809; The last Count Ernst Maria († 1809) bequeathed the estate with Styrum Castle to the sister of his wife Sophie Charlotte von Humbracht, his sister-in-law Maria Margaretha von Humbracht , who inherited Styrum Castle in 1825 to the last Styrum rent master Dr. Philipp Marcks sold; the other properties were subsequently sold individually. The heirs of Dr. Marcks sold the property in 1861 to Johann Schönnenbeck, who in turn sold the property to August Thyssen in 1890 for around 100,000 gold marks. In 1959, Styrum Castle and the adjacent castle park came to the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr.
The lords and counts of Limburg-Styrum as liege lords of the rule of Styrum
- 1304–1327 Dietrich I of Isenberg-Limburg zu Styrum
- 1328–1361 Johann von Limburg-Styrum
- 1328–1368 His brother Dietrich II of Limburg-Styrum-Kolkerhof
- 1361-1397 Dietrich III. from Limburg-Styrum
- 1397–1424 Eberhard von Limburg-Styrum
- 1324–1438 His widow Bonizetta b. from Saffenberg
- 1438–1499 Wilhelm I of Limburg-Styrum
- 1499–1506 Adolf von Limburg-Styrum
- 1506–1516 His widow Elisabeth b. from Reichenstein
- 1516–1522 Wilhelm II. Count of Limburg-Styrum
- 1522–1552 Georg Count of Limburg-Styrum
- 1552–1574 Hermann Georg Count of Limburg-Styrum
- 1574–1581 His widow Maria b. Countess of Hoya
- 1582–1595 Maria von Hoya together with her son Jobst
- 1596–1603 Jobst Count of Limburg-Styrum
- 1603–1613 Johann Graf von Limburg-Styrum
- 1613–1630 Erich Graf von Limburg-Styrum
- 1631–1644 Hermann Otto Count of Limburg-Styrum
- 1645–1659 His widow Anna Margaretha v. Spies zu Frechen u. Bodendorf
- 1659–1664 Count Moritz von Limburg-Styrum
- 1665–1692 His widow Maria Bernardina b. from Limburg-Styrum
- 1699–1703 Moritz Hermann Count of Limburg-Styrum (d. 1709)
- 1703–1713 His wife Elisabeth Wilhelmina b. Countess of Leiningen
- 1721–1749 Christian Otto Count of Limburg-Styrum
- 1749–1760 Carl Joseph Count of Limburg-Styrum
- 1760–1794 Philipp Ferdinand Count of Limburg-Styrum
- 1794–1809 Ernst Maria Count of Limburg-Styrum
literature
- Hermann Grote: Family Tables. Leipzig 1877.
- Rudolf op ten Höfel: A brief history of the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr. History Association Mülheim, Mülheim an der Ruhr 1978 ( Journal of the History Association Mülheim ad Ruhr. No. 54), pp. 68–73.
- Günter Aders, Adam Lambert Hulshoff: Geschiedenis the Graven van Limburg Stirum , Part II: The history of the counts and lords of Limburg and Limburg-Styrum and their possessions . van Gorcum, Assen / Aschendorff, Münster
- Vol. 1: History , 1963.
- Vol. 2: Regesten , 1963.
- Vol. 3: Register , 1963.
- Vol. 4: 1968.
- Wilhelm Kohl: Limburg-Styrum, Count of. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, ISBN 3-428-00195-8 , p. 566 f. ( Digitized version ).