Boyneburg (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the von Boyneburgk, tribe A
           
Coat of arms of the von Boyneburgk, tribe B
(Boemelburg)

Boyneburg (also Bemmel (s) berg , Bemmel (s) burg , Bömmel (s) berg , Boineburg , Bömeneburg , Boemelburg or Boyneburgk ) is the name of an originally Lower Hessian - Thuringian noble family , which spread as far as Denmark, Holstein, Westphalia, in the Netherlands, Belgium, Rhineland, southern Germany and Austria-Hungary spread.

The eponymous ancestral seat of the Lords of Boyneburg, imperial barons of Boineburg and imperial counts and noble lords of Boineburg and Lengsfeld was the imperial castle of the same name Boyneburg (also Bomeneburg ), whose ruins still stand on a ridge in the Ringgau between Eschwege and Sontra .

Every year on Ascension Day, the von Boyneburgk family donates bread and bacon, in which the former villages of the Boyneburg court assemble as part of a service at the castle chapel, consecrated in 1188 (church patrons: Mother of God and Saint Peter) and subsequent bread distribution on the castle hill become.

The family is part of the Althessian knighthood and part of the Imperial Knighthood Rhön-Werra. The (extinct) branch of the Barons von Boyneburg-Bömelberg acquired imperial direct dominions in Upper Swabia and Westphalia, which were mediatized in 1806.

history

Ruin of the Boyneburg

origin

With the Boyneburg initially the Counts of Northeim were enfeoffed, of which Siegfried III. von Boyneburg († 1123) and his son Siegfried IV. von Boyneburg († 1144) also named after the castle. After the latter's death and the extinction of the Northeim Counts, the castle became an imperial castle in 1144 and served several times as an imperial residence. The emperor appointed imperial ministers as lords of the castle on the Boyneburg, who came from different sexes.

In 1292 they were to be placed under the sovereignty of the Hessian landgraves , when King Adolf von Nassau transferred the castle and the nearby town of Eschwege to Heinrich I of Hesse as an imperial fief so that he could be raised to the rank of imperial prince, which was a prerequisite for an imperial castle . The von Boyneburg family fought against this for several generations with all means to enforce and defend their immediate imperial status. It was not until 168 years later, in 1460, that the Burgmann family with the quartered shield, which first appeared in documents in 1120 with Bobbo de Bomeneburg and henceforth called von Boyneburg, accepted the sovereignty of Landgrave Ludwig II of Hesse and was entrusted with the castle as an inheritance . In addition to the special rights for the Boyneburg court with 19 localities, the aristocrats fought for a special, very rare concession by the Roman-German emperor: If the succession of generations could not be continued patrilinearly due to the lack of male descendants, the three families of Boyneburg who belonged to the ancestral castle could Inheriting goods and rights to their daughters.

If the Boyneburg probably came into possession of the empire in the 12th century with almost no allodial accessories, the Boyneburgers apparently tried to convert any fiefdoms into allodes in view of the increasing weakness of the superordinate imperial power and especially during the interregnum in the 13th century. They also regarded their service property belonging to the castle as hereditary property, which went hand in hand with the rise of the ministerials to the lower nobility.

The Boyneburg castle hill from the north

From the middle of the 15th century, the various branches of the family left their castle seats on the Boyneburg and moved to their estates in the valley. In the valleys around the castle hill of Boyneburg there is Wichmannshausen to the west and the Harmuthshausen estate to the east of the mountain , furthermore nearby Grandenborn , which came into the possession of the family in the 16th century.

After a new mansion was built on the estate in Wichmannshausen in 1757, the previous residence of the Wichmannshausen branch was called the Old Boyneburg Castle . Since the Boyneburg-Honstein family line expired in 1792 and the Boyneburg-Bischhausen and Laudenbach line in 1803 in the male line, their allodial ownership fell to the Boyneburg line on Stedtfeld and Wichmannshausen, which was the sole owner, and not only the now ruined line Boyneburg, but also the extensive forests in the Werra area . The Hofgut in Wichmannshausen with the Old Boyneburg Castle became the Hessian state domain in 1803 , but the “Datterpfeife” farm remained Boyneburg's property. From this year on, the family lived on this farm, now known as Gut Boyneburgk , but then built Boyneburgk Castle about 150 m south of the farm buildings . The ruins of the Boyneburg still belong to the “Boyneburgk-Stedtfeld” tribe.

Brandenfels ruins

The size of the later judicial district and the fact that the Boyneburg, now seen as aristocrats, were responsible for the construction of the Brandenfels near Markershausen , later ancestral castle of the Treusch von Buttlar , around 1250, indicate that the original imperial property in the area around the Boyneburg was of considerable size. The Lords of Buttlar did not appear as partial owners of the castle until 1323. Obviously the von Boyneburg belonged to the kind of outstanding ministerialists who had actually become independent by the end of the 12th century, formed their own rulers and, with the Lords of Buttlar, had their own entourage behind them. The close, dependent connection of the noble family, later named Treusch von Buttlar, to the Boyneburg becomes clear when looking through the documents signed on the Brandenfels. The first lords of Brandenfels Castle were undoubtedly the Boyneburg (albeit possibly together with the lords of Treffurt ), who were also expressly referred to as the Boyneburg castle men . In 1389 the Boyneburg-Hohenstein finally sold the towns of Unhausen, Markershausen, Nesselröden and Breitzbach to the Treusch von Buttlar. These places formed the core territory of the Buttlar rule .

Despite formal subordination to the Landgraviate of Hesse or Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel with the acceptance of Hessian fiefdoms in 1460, the “Court of Boyneburg” with its 19 localities was a partially autonomous area of ​​rule until the Thirty Years War , before the consequences of the war forced the Boyneburg to legally and factually subordinate to the Landgrave.

Line formation

A distinction could first be made between the tribes belonging to the "white flag" (after their silver-black quartered coat of arms ) and those belonging to the "black flag (black and silver quartered)."

Black flag

The Boyneburg zu Wildeck and later to Gerstungen , which belonged to the black flag , were neither owned nor remained in the vicinity of the ancestral castle. In 1337, Wildeck came into the possession of the von Boyneburg and the von Trott families as a divided Fulda fief . In the middle of the 14th century, the office of Gerstungen was created by the Fulda bishopric , which from 1402 onwards went to the Landgraves of Thuringia and subsequently to the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach as pledges , but ultimately permanently . The von Boyneburgk family gradually acquired the property there. The Schloss Gerstungen was built in the 17th and 18th centuries on the foundations of Wasserburg.

From this family came Ludwig I von Boyneburg zu Lengsfeld (* 1466; † 1537), Hessian court judge and from 1509 until his fall in 1514, governor and guardian regent (for the minor Philip I ) of the estate regiment against Landgravine Anna . Ludwig founded both the family branch based on Altenburg an der Eder and the line to Lengsfeld and Weilar on the Hennebergisch-Frankenstein area, which was recognized as a baron in 1911 with the name of Boineburg-Lengsfeld . In 1527 Ludwig had received from his former ward, the Landgrave Philip I, the entitlement to castle and manor Altenburg, as well as Böddiger , Maden , Rhünda etc., as compensation for the insults, loss of assets and income caused by his mother. Because of this, the property passed to his son Ludwig (III.) Von Boyneburg in 1537. In 1540 the Altenburg was partially rebuilt by his half-brother and guardian Georg , doctor of both rights (negotiated for the landgrave with Thomas Cromwell and Henry VIII of England). After multiple destruction and reconstruction of the castle and its gradual decline, a mansion was built in 1721 at the foot of the castle hill. The Wehrmacht General Hans Freiherr von Boineburg-Lengsfeld lived there until 1980.

The imperial rule of Lengsfeld had entered the family in 1523 through Ludwig's wife. The individual parts of Lengsfeld Castle and the farmyards and castles in the surrounding area in Weilar, Gehaus and other places were distributed to the family branches with each inheritance; these formed an inheritance within the castle .

Baron Johann Christian von Boyneburg zu Dietzenbach and Breidenbach, Imperial Judge, Electorate Mainz Privy Councilor and Oberhofmarschall, was granted the hereditary Grand Palatinate by Emperor Leopold I in a privilege on September 1, 1653 , which has been part of the family ever since. (Hessisches Staatsarchiv Marburg, HStAM \ Urk. 75 \ 2391)

After the Thirty Years War , the castle was rebuilt from 1670 onwards. In 1735 part of the estate had to be sold. Weilar Castle was built as a baroque new building in the 18th century on the foundation walls of a moated castle, the stair tower in front of which has been preserved. The Upper Castle Gehaus had Count and noble Mr. Georg Philipp zu Boyneburg and Lengsfeld built around 1715. In 1803, the imperial- free rule of Lengsfeld with Lengsfeld, Gehaus and Weilar and the surrounding hamlets was mediated by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss and came to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1816 .

The branch based on Lengsfeld, Weilar, Gehaus, Herda, Altenburg etc. was recognized in 1859 on the basis of a Hessian permit to accept the count status (granted to side relatives in 1697 but suspended again in 1717) as counts and noble lords of Boineburg and Lengsfeld . In 1944, with the death of Sigismund Graf and Edler Herr zu Boineburg and Lengsfeld (1925–1944), the count's line in the male line died out. Since the death of the Countess and Noble Mistress Siri zu Boineburg and Lengsfeld on March 19, 1976, the count's title has been suspended. The Lengsfeld, Weilar, Gehaus, Herda etc. goods were expropriated in 1945 through the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone, the art treasures were plundered by the respective village populations and only some of the valuable libraries were taken from the family's castles to Friedenstein Castle in Gotha. Only Altenburg near Felsberg in Hessen remained in the family's possession. After the reunification of Germany, parts of the formerly expropriated property in Thuringia could be bought back.

White flag

In the case of the “white flag”, a clear allocation and separation of the various families was only possible from the beginning of the 14th century. These genders were them

  • from Boyneburg called Hohenstein,
  • von Boyneburg-Bischhausen and Laudenbach (the boys) as well as the
  • from Boyneburg-Stedtfeld (the whites).

In 1410 Bernhard I of Braunschweig enfeoffed the Boyneburg-Hohenstein with the village of Jestädt and the jurisdiction there. This included the places Motzenrode and Neuerode as well as the desert areas Bettelsdorf, Dörrenhain and Dudenhusen. The aristocratic place came to the landgrave office of Bischhausen in 1654 . Walrab von Boyneburg-Hohenstein (1529–1572) had Jestädt Castle built from 1561 . The Lords of Boyneburg-Hohenstein kept the Jestädt court as a Brunswick fief until it died out in 1792, while they carried the neck court from the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel as a fief.

In 1446 the Bursfelde Monastery sold the town of Bischhausen to the Lords of Boyneburg, who gave it to the Landgraviate of Hesse as a fief . In the second half of the 16th century, the Junkerhof was built in Bischhausen as the administrative courtyard for the Boyneburg estates. In 1650, Hessen acquired two thirds and in 1805 the remaining portion of the town.

Hermann von Boyneburgk married Adelheid Hovemeister von Dankmarshausen in 1420, through whom half of the Stedtfeld estate came into his possession. Little by little, the entire estate, including neighboring villages and farms, came into the possession of the family. Around 1520 she also received the Bergregal and mined copper and silver in the Zum Schwarzen Brunnen mine , which she smelted in a smelter from 1535 onwards. In 1592 Jobst von Boyneburg handed the mine over to two Nuremberg investors as a fief. The medieval moated castle was devastated in the Thirty Years War , which is why Hans Joost II von Boyneburgk had the Lower Castle rebuilt from 1665 . In 1663 he also acquired the Clausberg estate and also owned the Deubachshof , Schnepfenhof and Rangenhof estate . The rear castle in Stedtfeld replaced a ruined castle in the 18th century. In 1850 the aristocratic jurisdiction of the Boyneburgers was lifted. In 1945 the property was expropriated and distributed as part of the land reform . The art treasures were plundered by the village population. After the unification, parts of the formerly expropriated property in Thuringia could also be bought back.

Bömmelberg tribe (Bemmelberg, Boemelburg, Bömelberg)

(Belonging to the "white flag")

In 1594 Konrad XI. von Bömmelberg also Bemmelberg (von Boyneburgk - coming from Bischhausen), married to a Fugger and a Schwarzenberg and grandson of the Landsknechtsführer Konrad von Boyneburg (* 1494; † 1567), the imperial estate Erolzheim in Upper Swabia (it was mediated in 1806 and came to Kingdom of Bavaria , became the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1810 ). After the Counts of Limburg-Styrum-Gemen died out in 1800, the Westphalian rule of Gemen with Castle Gemen and Castle Raesfeld , which had already been ruled by Ermgart von Boyneburg-Bemmelsberg called Honstein as regent of Raesfeld, fell to the barons by inheritance from (Boyneburg-) Bömmelberg in Erolzheim; it was also mediated in 1806 (to the Principality of Salm ). Since mediatization generally only affected princes and counts who were directly ruling the empire to date , the Boyneburg-Bömmelberg with their imperial lordships Erolzheim and Gemen represent the special case of a mediatized baronial house. This branch expired with the death of Alois Sebastian, Baron von Bömmelberg, on July 19, 1826 in the male line. In 1822 he had already sold Gemen Castle and Raesfeld Castle to the Barons von Landsberg-Velen . His only daughter left behind died in 1831. The pretenderhood of the imperial rule Pinneberg Holstein, which was attached to the Erolzheim branch of the family, was transferred to the Stedtfeld line. The lordship of Erolzheim, which immediately fell into lease in 1826, went to Heinrich von Kiesow from Augsburg for 200,000  florins and in 1830 to his nephew Friedrich von Bernhard .

The strain B of sex formed around 1500 with a blue-silver-gold and blue, respectively gevierten plate. This tribe came to Westphalia through the abbot of Corvey Hermann von Boemelburg (term of office from 1479 to 1504) . This "Boemelburg" (also called "Bömelberg") line was located in Maygadessen near Höxter from 1490 to 1914 . Their baron title, carried under customary law, found Prussian recognition in 1845 .

coat of arms

  • The coat of arms of tribe A, black line is square in black and silver, that of the white line is square in silver and black. On the helmet there are two buffalo horns divided by black and silver . The helmet covers are black and silver.
  • The coat of arms of tribe B (von Boemelburg) is square in blue and gold. On the helmet with blue and gold covers two buffalo horns marked like the shield.

  • On the right the coat of arms of the von Boyneburg family, on a coat of arms stone at the Blue Castle in Hohenroda-Mansbach

  • The alliance coat of arms of the first owners at Rodenstein Castle in Groß-Umstadt : The rascals of Bergen and the lords of Boineburg

Name bearer

Konrad von Boyneburg (* 1494; † 1567), Landsknechtführer

literature

Web links

Commons : Boyneburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ E. Dronke, Codex. diplomaticus Fuld., Kassel 1850, pp. 377-378, no. 776
  2. ↑ Ernst Henn: The legacy of the kings around the Boyneburg , Heiligenstadt 2007, p. 50
  3. ↑ Photo Boyneburgk Castle
  4. ↑ Thomas Diehl: Aristocratic rule in the Werra area. The Boyneburg court in the process of laying the foundations for early modern statehood (late 16th to early 18th century). Hessian Historical Commission, Darmstadt, and Historical Commission for Hesse, Darmstadt and Marburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-88443-314-0 (sources and research on Hessian history 159).
  5. ↑ The older sons Wilhelm and Ludwig had already died.
  6. ↑ A comparable case of mediatization concerned the imperial barons Grote zu Blick .
  7. ↑ In the archives of Groß-Umstadt those von Bo y neburg are always noted with von Bo i neburg .
  8. ↑ Holdings of the University of Erfurt ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , compare also Kathrin Paasch: The library of Johann Christian von Boineburg (1622-1672) A contribution to the library history of polyhistorism , dissertation 2003, Humboldt University Berlin @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.uni-erfurt.de