Bischhausen (Waldkappel)

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Bischhausen
City of Waldkappel
Coordinates: 51 ° 8 ′ 21 ″  N , 9 ° 56 ′ 23 ″  E
Height : 201 m above sea level NHN
Area : 17.44 km²
Residents : 964  (Feb. 17, 2015)
Population density : 55 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 1971
Postal code : 37284
Area code : 05658
Bischhausen, view from the east: Junkerhof and church
Bischhausen, view from the east: Junkerhof and church

Bischhausen is a district of the town of Waldkappel in the Werra-Meißner district in northern Hesse .

Geographical location

Bischhausen is located on the northeast edge of the Stölzinger Mountains around 4 km as the crow flies east-southeast of the Waldkappel core city at the confluence of the Hosbach in the weirs . The surrounding mountains include the Mäuseberg , about 3.5 km (as the crow flies) to the west-southwest , on which there is a lookout tower. In the village, the state road  3459 (Bischhausen – Kirchhosbach) branches off in the south from the federal road 7 (Waldkappel – Bischhausen – Oetmannshausen ).

history

Bischhausen was first mentioned as Bischofeshusun around 800 . At that time, a donation to the Hersfeld Abbey was notarized. In 1093/1144 Count Heinrich von Northeim donated the court and the church in Bischhausen to the Blasius Monastery in Northeim . In 1140/41 Count Siegfried von Boyneburg lent the Blasiuskloster Northeim goods in Bischhausen. 1446 sold the monastery Bursfelde the place to the Lords of Boyneburg that made him the land county Hessen to feudal auftrugen. In the second half of the 16th century, an administrative courtyard for the Boyneburg estates was established in Bischhausen. In 1650, Hessen acquired two thirds and in 1805 the remaining portion of the town.

Bischhausen originally belonged in full to the partially autonomous Boyneburg court . However, when the von Bemmelberg transferred their shares in the Boyneburg court to the Landgraviate, the landgrave's office in Bischhausen was created in 1654 , which was responsible for the administration of the subjects now under the landgrave within the Boyneburg court. In 1690 the castle was built as the administrative seat of the Bischhausen district, which later became the former district court. The district court, which was established in 1690, was originally located in a building built in 1580 and still in existence today, which today houses the village community center.

From 1821 Bischhausen belonged to the Eschwege district . The former Boyneburg administrative courtyard was the Prussian state domain from 1866 to 1931.

As part of the regional reform in Hesse , Bischhausen was incorporated into the city of Waldkappel on December 31, 1971.

Former Jewish community

Jewish residents are first mentioned in 1664. Their number was few (four, though possibly all with their families) and remained so into the 19th century. Then the small community grew, but the exact number of Jewish residents whose apartments were scattered around the village is not known. Due to emigration and emigration, the community shrank again at the turn of the 20th century: after 1900 there were still six Jewish families, in 1906 there were four and from 1911 only two. Three Jewish residents of Bischhausen were killed in the First World War . In 1924, the small congregation, which at that time still consisted of two families, ceased to exist when the last family moved away after the death of the church elder.

Since an "Israelite synagogue community in Bischhausen" is mentioned in 1857, there was at least one prayer room at that time, if not a small synagogue . Possibly it was a prayer room in the house that the merchant Wolff Mencke built in 1775, which still exists today, but has been rebuilt several times. The house inscription still preserved today says: God confirms this house and everyone who goes in and out / what friends are going in to me / Feinte but deviates from here / builder Wolf Menko and his wife Resen / July 4, 1775 ZMW VL . For a long time the house was called the Jewish school , probably because it once contained a classroom or prayer room. There was also a ritual bath ( mikveh ) and a cemetery , as well as a Jewish religious school. In 1907/08 there were still five children left to teach and the school was closed at the end of 1909.

Of the Jewish people born in Bischhausen and / or who had lived there for a long time, 21 were violently killed during the Nazi era .

Culture and sights

church

The church dates from the 15th century, but its foundations go back to a Romanesque building. It has been rebuilt and expanded several times over the centuries. The tombs of those of Boyneburg attest to the ties between this family and the village.

Village and local museum

The village and local history museum in the center of the village on Kirchberg in the old school (Am Graben 4) contains a picture exhibition, traditional furniture and everyday items such as butter models, baking molds and other household items, a larger collection of ceramics and glass as well as a collection of cast-iron stove plates from different centuries. The building and the museum were renovated in 1997 and are available for viewing by prior arrangement. The museum is supported by the Community of Bishops' Associations.

regional customs

Since 1818, the Bischhausen Children's Festival has been celebrated as a special feature ; this was due to the public school examination. For 150 years, the festival was the highlight of the school year and was associated with a festive parade in the village.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bischhausen, Werra-Meißner district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of January 22, 2016). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Bischhausen district on the website of the city of Waldkappel, accessed in February 2016.
  3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 389 .
  4. ^ Alemannia-judaica.de: Jewish community in Bischhausen
  5. ↑ G. Brandau, K. Kollmann: 150 Years of the Bishops Children's Festival . In: Werratalverein Eschwege eV (Ed.): The Werraland . Issue 3. Eschwege 1969, p. 45-46 .

Web links

Commons : Bischhausen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files