Lordship of Lengsfeld

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The rule of Lengsfeld was a rule of the Lords of Boyneburg , which was imperial from 1701 to 1802 .

As a patrimonial court office, the area belonged to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach from 1816 and was dissolved in 1850 as a result of the administrative and territorial reform of the Grand Duchy.

Geographical location

The area of ​​the rule Lengsfeld was in the valley of the lower Felda between Dermbach and Dorndorf in the Thuringian Rhön (Vordere Rhön). The 714 meter high volcanic cone Baier is about four kilometers southeast of Stadtlengsfeld . During his affiliation to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, the office was in the Eisenacher Oberland .

The dominion is now in the west of the Free State of Thuringia and belongs to the Wartburg district .

Adjacent administrative units were

history

Administration by the Lords of Frankenstein and the Lords of Lengsfeld

Before 786, the Hersfeld Abbey acquired properties in Lengsfeld . Like other places in the region, Lengsfeld gave this as a fief to the Lords of Frankenstein , a sideline of the Counts of Henneberg . In order to protect its numerous possessions in the Feldatal, the abbey initiated the construction of Lengsfeld Castle around 1125 . As Burgmannen von Lengsfeld from 1136 to 1239, the now called Lords of Lengsfeld, were the Hersfeld Ministerials from the Frankenstein family.

Takeover by the Fulda monastery around 1300

After the hersfeld rights had expired, Lengsfeld Castle appeared in 1235 as a fiefdom of the Fulda Monastery in the hands of the Lords of Frankenstein. As a result of disputes between the Fulda monastery and the Frankensteiners, their ancestral castle Frankenstein was besieged by Abbot Bertho von Fulda in 1265 and partially destroyed. In 1295, King Adolf's troops conquered the castle again, and it was probably badly damaged again. Because of these feuds, the Frankensteiners got very much into debt.

After the war of King Adolf against the sons of the Thuringian Landgrave Albrechts the Degenerate , Ludwig von Frankenstein, now as hereditary castle man of the Fulda Abbey, remained involved in Lengsfeld Castle. Already in 1308 the properties in the Feldatal were pledged for ten years (Frankenstein Agreement with Abbot Heinrich von Fulda). 1317–1318 Ludwig von Frankenstein sold the villages of Haynau and Waldsassen in the castle district of Lengsfeld, as well as Untersuhl and Ottershausen, as well as income from the Dermbach court . In 1326 the castle and town of Lengsfeld were sold to Fulda.

Different owners in the 14th and 15th centuries

Lengsfeld Castle (around 1850)

In the 14th century the Fulda abbots expanded Lengsfeld Castle considerably. Four castle districts were created, which were always given to different Burgmann families. The Fulda abbots converted the castle complex into a Ganerbeburg . In addition, at the instigation of the Fulda abbots, other knights moved to the town of Lengsfeld, which was privileged as a market settlement in 1359, and built fortified castle seats there. The purpose of this policy was probably to give this important castle to as many shareholders as possible in order to bind them to themselves and to prevent the domination of a family.

Due to the large number of parties involved, disputes over the sale and exchange of shares often arose. In addition, in the 15th century, Fulda’s rivals, the Counts of Henneberg and the Thuringian Landgraves , were given their own rights to the castle through clever pacts with individual families, although Fulda tried to fend them off with a hard hand, which ultimately led to the defection of most of the heirs of Fulda, the majority of which approached the Counts of Henneberg.

Lords of Boyneburg from 1523 and imperial-free rule Lengsfeld 1701–1802

After 1444, the court marshal of the abbot of Fulda, Phillip von Herda , quickly became the largest landowner in Lengsfeld through acquisitions. He used family ties to the abbot and was able to implement his acquisition plans unhindered.

About his granddaughter, most of the possessions came Lengsfelder (including Weilar and Gehaus) through marriage in 1523 to the temporary landgräflich Hessian Hofrichter and land steward Ludwig I of Boyneburg to Gerstungen. His son, Georg von Boyneburg-Lengsfeld , Hessian and Saxon councilors, obtained the town charter for Lengsfeld from Emperor Karl V as thanks for his services in 1548. With the introduction of the Reformation , the Fulda abbots tried to save their possessions in the Feldatal and the Boyneburgers expel. However, with the support of the Counts of Henneberg and the Landgraves of Hesse as well as diplomatic channels, they managed to fend off all maneuvers by the Fulda people.

From 1600 onwards, extensive renovations and renovations began again in the Lengsfeld castle area. The individual areas of the castle and the farms and castles in the surrounding area in Weilar, Gehaus and other places were distributed to the family branches with each inheritance; these formed an inheritance within Lengsfeld Castle . During the Thirty Years War (1618–1648), Lengsfeld Castle was also taken several times. Family members of those from Boyneburg did not come back to the village until 1637. In 1670 the reconstruction of the castle, which became the family residence, began.

The Lords of Boyneburg alienated the town of Lengsfeld, which had been pledged to them, from the Fulda Abbey and made it the seat of an imperial direct rule that had been permanently separated from Fulda since 1701 . In 1735 Albert and Heinrich von Boyneburg had to settle claims to Fulda, which is why they were forced to sell part of their possessions. The buyer was Baron Johann Heinrich von Müller, privy councilor in Saxony-Coburg-Meining. The condition that the purchase object be withdrawn from the feudal association of the entire Lords of Boyneburg and become free property was met. Thus the empire-free rule now had two families as overlords.

Affiliation after the dissolution of the Lengsfeld rule in 1802/03

After the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803, the imperial-free rule of Lengsfeld with Lengsfeld, Gehaus and Weilar and the surrounding hamlets was mediated and then, due to the Napoleonic Wars , changed its sovereign several times in quick succession.

Initially, it went with most of the previous Fulda bishopric to Wilhelm Friedrich von Oranien-Nassau as compensation for the territories of the Netherlands that had been conquered by French since 1801 .

In 1803 the Electorate of Hesse occupied the current office for a short time, but had to surrender it again under Napoleon's pressure. After Wilhelm Friedrich von Orange, as commander of a Prussian division, surrendered in Erfurt on October 15, 1806 after the battle of Jena , Napoleon declared that he had lost his principality.

For a short time the Amt Lengsfeld belonged again to the Electorate of Hesse, which again took possession of him. As early as August 1807, however, with the entire Electorate of Hesse annexed by Napoleon, the newly created Kingdom of Westphalia under the Emperor's brother Jérôme came into being . As the " Canton Lengsfeld " the office now belonged to the Hersfeld district of the Werra department .

In 1810 the entire canton of Lengsfeld became part of the new Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . After the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig in 1814, Kurhessen occupied the area for the third time. This has been declared illegal by the other powers.

Belonging to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar Eisenach from 1816

Lengsfeld Castle today

After the Congress of Vienna , Prussia took possession of the Principality of Fulda including the Lengsfeld Office in July 1815. In February 1816, it came to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach as the “Grand Ducal Baron of Boyneburg and von Müller's Patrimonial Office Lengsfeld” by state treaty . In 1849/50 the judiciary was separated from the administration in the Grand Duchy. The Lengsfeld office was merged with other offices in the Rhön to form the Dermbach administrative district , which was also referred to as the IV administrative district , with its seat in Dermbach . This comprised the southern part of the former Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach , which was also known as the Eisenacher Oberland in the 19th century .

The district court district of Lengsfeld received some places from this through the dissolution of the Dermbach judicial office. In 1896 the name was changed from "Lengsfeld" to "Stadtlengsfeld".

Associated places

city
Villages and individual goods
Castles

Owner of the Lengsfeld estate and castle until 1802

Ganerbe and Burgmannen in the 14th century

  • as Ganerbe in Lengsfeld are mentioned:
  • Apel von Reckrodt and his heirs
  • Dizel Schade von Leipolds
  • Paul von Herbilstadt (from 1339)
  • Ditzel von Pferdsdorf (from 1339)
  • as castle men and pledge holders are mentioned:
  • of Bibra (1335)
  • from Rannenberg (1335)
  • from Blaufuss (1351)
  • of Walrabe (1352)
  • from Buttlar (1357)
  • from Borsa (1361)
  • by Taft (1444)

In addition, in the 15th century, the Counts of Henneberg and the Thuringian Landgraves received their own rights to the castle through clever pacts with individual families.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Boyneburgsche Castle in Rhon lexicon

literature

  • Constantin Kronfeld: Thuringian-Saxon-Weimar history . Böhlau, Weimar 1878 (regional studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, part 1)
  • Anneliese Hofemann: Studies on the development of the territory of the imperial abbey of Fulda and its offices. 1958, pp. 128-130.

Web links