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Dermbach municipality
Coordinates: 50 ° 45 ′ 30 ″  N , 10 ° 4 ′ 36 ″  E
Height : 399 m above sea level NN
Incorporation : July 1, 1996
Incorporated into: Stadtlengsfeld
Postal code : 36466
Area code : 036965
The center of Gehaus (2012)
The center of Gehaus (2012)

Gehaus is a district of Dermbach in the Wartburg district . The village in the Thuringian Rhön has about 400 inhabitants with the district Hohenwart and is located about five kilometers west of Stadtlengsfeld on the northwest slope of the Baier . The geographic height of the place is 399  m above sea level. NN .

geography

Gehaus is located about 13 km (as the crow flies) southwest of the district town of Bad Salzungen . Lengsfelder Straße - today Landesstraße L 2602 from Stadtlengsfeld to Oechsen , the neighboring village just 1.7 km away, runs through the village . The district road K 102 leads west to the neighboring village of Oechsen. The highest point is a border point on the wooded north-western mountain flank of the Bayer. The mountains Schorn ( 559.1  m above sea level ) and Bornkopf ( 479.3  m above sea level ) also belong (partly) to the community corridor of Gehaus . The river Oechse , a left tributary of the Werra, rises from several sources in the corridor . The swampy meadows on the western edge of the village were dammed into a small pond in the Middle Ages. At the Bornkopf on the eastern edge of the district are the sources of the Fischbach, which flows into the Feldatal. Some of the forests on the slopes of Baier and Bornkopf were only created in the 19th and 20th centuries through afforestation, the extensive agricultural use of the areas preferred pasture management with cattle and sheep.

history

A document dated May 13, 1355 is cited as the oldest written evidence for the location of Gehaus. This document belongs to the archival holdings of the former Allendorf monastery in the Bad Salzunger district of Kloster . The content of the document concerns the transfer of ownership of a local nobleman from Pferdsdorf / Rhön , which was drafted as a testamentary disposition :

Heinrich, Abbot of Fulda, agrees that Dietrich (Dyczel) von Pferdsdorf (Pherdesdorff) pounds his wife Elisabeth (Elsen) with 1000 pounds of Hellern - 400 pounds of morning gifts and 600 pounds of personal belongings - and that these on his property in the villages of Weilar (Nidern Wyler), Bayershof (Bygersdorff) and Gehaus (zum Gehaws) with all the accessories in wood and field that came from him and his pen to fief. Large seal of the exhibitor. 1355 on sent Gangolff's days of the holy merteler.
"Mariengart" ruin
Church and main street (around 1910)
The upper lock

Barely two kilometers west of the town of Gehaus, on the site of the former “Schalkesloh” settlement, now part of Wölferbütt , the site of the former Servite monastery “Mariengart”. The monastery, founded in 1339 by a Heringer knight with the consent of the Fulda abbot , was moved to Vacha in 1368. The church buildings are likely to have been used for worship in the surrounding towns for many years until they were destroyed in the Peasants' War.

In order to control the highways and trade routes and to ward off raids in feuds and other armed conflicts, since the 14th century, as an alternative to building castles, land defenses and watchtowers (waiting) were built at strategically important points in the area. According to local tradition, such a sentry stood near the Hohenwart district.

A continuous settlement of the local situation Gehaus can be proven since 1506, at times the place was mentioned as a desert in the documents, however ownership and usage rights were retained or were renegotiated even when a settlement was abandoned. From 1450 to around 1500 the Lords of Herda owned significant shares of Gehaus as a fiefdom of the Fulda abbot. A branch of the von Boyneburg family came into permanent possession of the Weilar moated castle in the Feldatal. The Boyneburgers, who were already influential on the central Werra, acquired extensive estates in the Vacha, Stadtlengsfeld and Wildsprechtroda area around 1500 . Their house power dominated or ousted the mostly in decline aristocratic families in the area. Especially under Ludwig I of Boyneburg , who also owned the heavily fortified Krayenburg as a fief, the " Lengsfeld rule " developed from this . Ludwig von Boyneburg was court judge and then from 1509 to 1514 guardian of the still underage Landgrave Philip of Hesse and guardianship ruler of the Landgraviate; at that time he lived in Kassel Castle. With the enfeoffment of Ludwig I von Boyneburg zu Lengsfeld, the city, office and Burglengsfeld remained in the hands of the family "the barons and counts and nobles of Boineburg" until the reorganization of the German principalities through the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss in 1803 Lengsfeld ". With the introduction of the Reformation and the unrest in the Peasants' War , which was also accompanied by looting and sieges in the Felda and Werra valleys around Salzungen and Vacha, the power and influence of the monasteries of Hersfeld and Fulda decreased. As early as 1528, the Boineburgs zu Weilar and Lengsfeld determined that their subjects should convert to the Protestant faith.

A baptismal font with the year “1574” is located in the village church of Gehaus, which was renovated in 1765. The church was built according to the specifications of the church patron with Romanesque style elements by the builder Valentin Nordheim. A crypt was created under the church building as Boineburg's hereditary burial. The ordinary village population found their final resting place in the adjacent church.

The Jewish community of Gehaus was an exception. The group living in Gehaus as “Schutzjuden” had their own school, their own synagogue and, since 1745, their own Jewish cemetery on the “Weilarian Weg” in the corridor. The Gehauser Jews and their neighborhood living in Stadtlengsfeld were under the protection of the Boyneburgers. Through their relatives in Frankfurt am Main, Heidelberg and Mannheim, the Gehauser Jews received funds to build their own Torah school. Because of the small number of students in the village, Christian schooling took place in the neighboring villages, which was particularly difficult in the winter months. The special case of a simultaneous school with Christian and Jewish lessons in the same school building created a remedy, the parish housing received permission from the Grand Ducal School Authority in 1867. This (state) permit was not withdrawn until 1933; the Jewish community of Gehaus still existed until 1942.

Around 1750 a boy Judas Eberscht was born in Gehaus , he belonged to the Jewish part of the village population and later moved to Offenbach. His son Isaac Ben-Juda Ebers became cantor in Cologne and Offenbach am Main , his grandson, who lived in Paris , named himself Jacques Offenbach after this city .

The "Carl-Alexander-Platz" was inaugurated in 1878, the place previously used as a goose lawn served as a meeting place for the residents of the house and was a gymnastics area. Of the three ponds that were once close to the goose lawn on the ox, only one remained.

The upper castle with manor
Stage in the Volkspark

Around 1884 a group of Sinti settled in Gehaus. In 1885 the construction of the water pipeline was started as a gradient pressure pipeline (without pumps). With the start of potash mining around 1900, new earning opportunities arose in the neighboring villages of Öchsen and Menzengraben , too . Shafts were built. Participation in the two world wars also claimed victims from the Gehauser population. The Americans occupied the place on April 11, 1945. With the occupation change in July 1945 by the Red Army came the expropriation of the Boineburg as large landowners. The castle was made available to the community, and the extensive park was converted into a public park. Some farm buildings fell into disrepair and are now in a ruinous condition. On the eastern edge of the community, stables and farm buildings for an LPG were built.

In 1955 there were 1107 inhabitants in the village. On March 13, 1989, the Völkershausen rockfall shook the place, there was only building damage.

After reunification, potash mining in the Bad Salzungen district declined. The existing jobs were lost, and at the same time new opportunities opened up through business settlements on the outskirts of Stadtlengsfeld, in Oberzella and Bad Salzungen. In Gehaus there is a carpenter's shop and a butcher's shop as an employer, and a transport company was founded in the Hohenwart district.

On January 1, 2019 Gehaus joined the municipality of Dermbach as part of the incorporation of Stadtlengsfeld.

Culture and sights

Fountain in front of the stone courtyard
The rectory
In the Volkspark
  • In July 2005, Gehaus celebrated the 650th anniversary with a week of festivities. On this occasion, many dilapidated buildings in the village were renovated and the facilities were embellished.
  • The village church of Gehaus marks the center of the village and is a monument. The font from 1574 and the oldest bell from 1634 should come from the previous building. The structure is 21.7 m long and 12.8 m wide. At the nave is the 27 m high church tower. The Boyneburgers' hereditary burial is located under the church. Next to the church you can still find old tombstones from the 19th century on the old church.
  • Hermine Henriette Frederike Grobe was born in 1804 in the representative rectory right next to the church . The pastor's daughter married the publisher Joseph Meyer and, after his death, became the owner of the Bibliographisches Institut Gotha, the forerunner of Meyer's publishing house. A small wooden plaque reminds of this woman.
  • The Upper (Boyneburgsche) Castle was built from 1710 to 1716 for Eduard von Boineburg zu Lengsfeld. The family was expelled from the building in 1945 and expropriated without compensation. The entire inventory and historical collections were looted or destroyed by the population and government agencies. In the halls of the castle there were numerous murals with motifs from family history and views of the town. The ballroom on the upper floor was decorated with rich stucco.
  • In Gehaus, a park with rare tree species has been preserved around the castle from the estate of the Boineburgs, both of which have been owned by the municipality since 1945. The private chapel, built in 1884 and once provided with a hereditary burial, is hidden behind trees on the western edge of the park.
  • In the corridor south-east of the village, on "Weilarer Weg", lies the Judengottesacker with a remainder of 125 graves .
  • In the local area is the stone courtyard , a monument that was built in the middle of the 16th century. It was part of the Lower Castle and at times also contained a distillery and the community tavern. Today it is used for residential purposes and it was the seat of the mayor of Gehaus for several decades.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Official topographic maps of Thuringia 1: 10,000. Wartburgkreis, district of Gotha, district-free city of Eisenach . In: Thuringian Land Survey Office (Hrsg.): CD-ROM series Top10 . CD 2. Erfurt 1999.
  2. ↑ Dorfchronik Gehaus (section from 1355 to 1799). In: Private website (www.hehl-rhoen.de). Retrieved April 30, 2012 .
  3. ↑ Waldemar Küther . (with the assistance of Hans Goller): Vacha and his Servite monastery in the Middle Ages . In: Central German Research . tape 64 . Böhlau-Verlag, Cologne; Vienna 1971, ISBN 3-412-10571-6 , p. 365 .
  4. ^ Adelbert Schröder: The peasant uprising. In: Country by the road. Leipzig 1989, ISBN 3-7462-0430-5 , pp. 48-50.
  5. ^ Paul Luther: Materials for local history lessons - Bad Salzungen district, Suhl district . Ed .: Council of the Bad Salzungen District, Department of Public Education. Bad Salzungen 1959, structure of the district of Suhl (overview of the places and population of the districts), p. 5-11 .
  6. ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette No. 14/2018 p. 795 ff. , Accessed on January 18, 2019
  7. ↑ a b c d e The unified municipality Stadtlengsfeld . In: District Office Wartburgkreis (Ed.): District journal . Issue 15. Bad Salzungen 2010, p. 14-15 .

Web links

Commons : Gehaus  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files