Simultaneous school

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Simultaneous school or community school (legal term in North Rhine-Westphalia is "community school", in Lower Saxony "school for pupils of all denominations") are educational institutions in which pupils are taught together regardless of their religious affiliation. In contrast, there are religiously bound schools than denominational or parochial schools in Lower Saxony ( "School for pupils of the same denomination") are referred to.

In contrast to “ non-denominational ” schools, “ Christian ” community schools are also referred to as community schools , where religion is taught as a regular subject .

history

In the age of confessionalization, the separation of denominations was not generally enforced in numerous school projects. After the Peace of Westphalia was concluded , the principle of Cuius regio, eius religio and the principles of the Augsburg Imperial and Religious Peace led to the fact that schools in the Roman-German Empire were usually denominationally separated. Most of the simultaneous schools failed at the latest after the Council of Trent . An example of a simultaneous school that was functioning at the time is the Carolinum grammar school in Osnabrück , for which school contracts were created in the 16th century in which concessions were made to the denominations according to principles that were as parity as possible. Only the creation of confessionally mixed states after the end of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in 1806 led to the establishment of new simultaneous schools. For example, the simultaneous school was introduced in the Duchy of Nassau in 1817 by Karl Adolph Gottlob Schellenberg . Baden introduced them in 1868 (optional) and 1876 (compulsory) and Hessen-Darmstadt in 1874.

The term simultaneous school was in use until the Weimar Republic . Since around 1938, the term “community school” or “denominational school” has been used in Germany in contrast to denominational school (denominational school). After the Second World War , there were violent disputes about which of the two types of school would become “constitutional regular school ”. These questions were answered differently in different countries. When the community school was introduced as a regular school instead of the denominational schools in Lower Saxony in 1954, the resistance on the part of the Catholic Church was still great; In the mid-1960s, however, the political pressure to abolish them increased, so that in 1967 in Baden-Württemberg (there were only denominational schools on only part of the national territory) and Rhineland-Palatinate and in 1968 in Bavaria, despite protests, denominational schools were decided to be in community schools to convert. The attitude of the Catholic Church gradually relaxed at the end of the 1960s, also in the course of the reforms of the Second Vatican Council .

At present, denominational schools (apart from religious instruction or church-sponsored schools) only play an important role in North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony.

In some municipalities in Lower Saxony, more precisely the Catholic regions of the former state of Oldenburg , problems arise because primary schools are predominantly or exclusively Catholic denominational schools that only accept a certain proportion of non-Catholic students. Elementary schools for pupils of all denominations can then be difficult to reach. For the area of ​​the former state of Oldenburg there are also special legal norms that make it difficult to convert denominational schools into community schools. The school law has since been changed several times; nevertheless, in the opinion of critics, there is discrimination against non-Catholic students.

In North Rhine-Westphalia, the community school is anchored in the state constitution (Art. 12 Para. 3 and 4 LV NRW) as a type of school for elementary schools and secondary schools, but alongside denominational schools and ideological schools. This so-called ideological structure of the school system could only be removed through a constitutional amendment.

literature

  • Karl Kopp: The Kippenheim song. A Baden elementary school and its Israelite children . (Between 1874 and 1938, Christian and Jewish children were taught equally here) Verlag "Seitenweise", Bühl 2017, ISBN 978-3-943874-23-5

Web links

Wiktionary: Simultanschule  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Review of: J. Bäcker: The Christian Community School in Baden. In: hsozkult.de. November 25, 2013, accessed December 30, 2016 .
  2. ↑ a b Characteristic - struggle for the denominational school. In: deutschlandradio.de. October 8, 2004, accessed December 30, 2016 .
  3. ↑ Education / denominational schools: on the retreat . In: Der Spiegel . No. 20 , 1967 ( online ).
  4. ^ Fritz Schäffer: Confession School - Historical Lexicon of Bavaria. In: historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de. Retrieved December 30, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Florian Klenk: School: The heretics of Lohne . In: Die Zeit , No. 42/2003
  6. ↑ When the denomination causes conflicts ( Memento of February 21, 2004 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ See State Constitution of North Rhine-Westphalia: Articles 12 and 69
  8. ↑ Regional history: "In cozy clubs" . In: Badische Zeitung . ( badische-zeitung.de [accessed on December 22, 2017]).