Kippenheim

Basic data
State :	Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region :	Freiburg
County :	Ortenau district
Height :	170 m above sea level NHN
Area :	20.86 km 2
Residents:	5545 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	266 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	77971
Area code :	07825
License plate :	OG, BH , KEL, LR, WOL
Community key :	08 3 17 059
Community structure:	2 districts
Address of the ; municipal administration:	Untere Hauptstrasse 4 ; 77971 Kippenheim
Website :	www.kippenheim.de
Mayor :	Matthias Gutbrod
Location of the community of Kippenheim in the Ortenau district

Kippenheim is a municipality in Baden-Württemberg and belongs to the Ortenau district .

geography

Geographical location

Kippenheim is located on the foothills of the Black Forest in the Upper Rhine Plain, about 7 km south of Lahr .

Neighboring communities

The community borders in the north on the city of Lahr / Black Forest , in the east on Seelbach , in the south on the city of Ettenheim and in the west on the city of Mahlberg . An exclave to the northwest borders on Schwanau .

Community structure

The formerly independent community Schmieheim belongs to the community of Kippenheim. The village of Kippenheim, the courtyards Mittelmühle and Obermühle and the residential areas Hasenbühl and Ziegelhof belong to the municipality of Kippenheim within the boundaries of the municipality reform in the 1970s. The former community of Schmieheim includes the village of Schmieheim and the wooden goods factory. The Finkenweiler desert lies in the Kippenheim part of the municipality .

Natural disasters

On September 9, 1924, a windpipe passed over Kippenheim and destroyed a massive hall of the flour wholesaler Wilhelm Wertheimer at the train station, about 30 meters long and 15 meters wide. On the road from Kippenheim to Lahr, a large number of telegraph poles were overturned and around 600 fruit trees were uprooted.

history

As documented in the General State Archives in Karlsruhe , Kippenheim, then Chippinheim , was first mentioned in 762.

The first settled people in Kippenheim were probably the Celts . The power of the Celtic tribes was broken by the Germanic peoples advancing from the North Sea region and the attacks of the Romans from the south.

Around the year 250 AD the Alemanni broke through the border wall from the east and occupied the border area up to the Rhine, whereby most of the Alemannic villages were probably created and so probably also Kippenheim or Chippinheim, as it was first called around the turn of the century, the home of the Chippo was what the Alemanni Chippo suggests.

This village is officially mentioned for the first time when Pope Honorius III. confirmed a donation in 1225. On December 1, 1146, the well-known church teacher Bernhard von Clairvaux called for the second crusade in the Kippenheim church.

As can be seen from a contract of 1367, Kippenheim and Mahlberg formed a parish and a market cooperative at that time . The church itself, that is, the choir and foundation walls of the nave, which was destroyed by fire at the beginning of the 18th century and rebuilt, date from around 1500. The massive tower is much older. Kippenheim had a certain ecclesiastical importance in the 16th and 17th centuries when it became a suburb of Protestantism in the reign of Mahlberg.

During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), the place Kippenheim suffered mainly from the countless troops of the imperial as well as the Protestants. Probably the blackest day in the history of the village was recorded in 1677, when Kippenheim was destroyed by the French. Kippenheim was also affected by the subsequent wars.

Once again there was unrest in the country, at the time of the revolutionary years 1848/49 , which also heated the minds of the Kippenheim residents, but had no significant impact on the life of the village. After all, Kippenheim experienced new prosperity after the war of 1870/71 with the upswing of the German Empire. But that only lasted until 1914. During the First World War , 51 Kippenheimers died on the battlefields. The villagers had to endure difficult years until things slowly improved again.

At the beginning of the National Socialist era , the call to boycott on April 1, 1933, was followed up only very hesitantly, but in the following years the local council , which was only made up of NSDAP members, consistently implemented anti-Jewish orders. The Second World War also claimed numerous victims in Kippenheim and ended in 1945 with a total defeat . During the " Wagner-Bürckel-Aktion " on October 22, 1940, the last Jews from Kippenheim were deported to the Gurs camp .

Kippenheim was spared the direct effects of the war until the last year of the war, but in February and April 1945 buildings were also destroyed by various attacks. The inhabitants found shelter in bunkers and shelters in the Leimental and in the vineyards, so that there were no major losses. Out of gratitude that Kippenheim was saved from severe war damage, the " Maria Frieden " chapel was built in 1946 on the Hohbühl in the middle of the wine-growing region .

Incorporations

Markuskirche Schmieheim

Since January 1, 1972, the formerly independent municipality of Schmieheim belongs to the municipality of Kippenheim.

Religions

St. Mauritius Church with a separate bell tower

Kippenheim is both evangelical and Roman Catholic . In addition to these congregations, there is also a New Apostolic Church in the village.

The Jewish community of Kippenheim existed until the Shoah . From here comes Albert Weill , the father of the composer Kurt Weill . The former synagogue in Kippenheim , in which a memorial site commemorates the history of the Jewish community, can still be visited today. The memory of the Jewish history of Kippenheim is kept alive by the Friends of the Former Synagogue Kippenheim with events and tours through Kippenheim, Schmieheim and the Kippenheim synagogue.

Since 2009, Kippenheim has been home to Wat Phra Dhammakaya Black Forest , a temple and meditation center of the Buddhist Dhammakaya movement from Thailand .

politics

Administrative community

The community belongs to the agreed administrative community of the city of Lahr / Black Forest .

Municipal council

The municipal council in Kippenheim consists of 14 members and the mayor as chairman. The mayor is entitled to vote in the municipal council. The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following preliminary final result.

Parties and constituencies		% 2019	Seats 2019	% 2014	Seats 2014	Local elections 2019 % 50 40 30th 20th 10 0 44.8% 28.3% 24.3% 2.3% n. k. CDU FW SPD AfD BLG Gains and losses compared to 2014 % p 8th 6th 4th 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8th -10 -12 -14 -16 + 6.6 % p.p. -0.1 % p + 6.7 % p + 2.3 % p -15.8 % p CDU FW SPD AfD BLG Template: election diagram / maintenance / new result not 100%
CDU	Christian Democratic Union of Germany	44.8	6th	38.2	5
FW	Free voters	28.3	4th	28.4	4th
SPD	Social Democratic Party of Germany	24.3	4th	17.6	3
AfD	Alternative for Germany	2.3	0	-	-
BLG	Citizen list municipal council	-	-	15.8	2
total		100	14th	100	14th
voter turnout		55.4%		49.8%

mayor

1977–2009: Willi Mathis
2009 until today: Matthias Gutbrod

coat of arms

The coat of arms shows a golden ploughshare in red between two turned away silver vine knives with a black handle. The seal on a document from 1495 shows a vine knife in the semicircular shield, as it appears in the coat of arms of Ihringen am Kaiserstuhl .

In a court seal of the Kippenheim area from the end of the 17th century, we find a ploughshare in a cartouche-shaped shield. Above is the vine knife, lying with the blade pointing to the right. In the 19th century we meet the ploughshare and the vine knife side by side in a round seal.

The sign on the archway of the town hall, which was rebuilt in 1901, carries the ploughshare between two outward-facing vines. The same coat of arms can be seen on the bay window on the north side under the year 1610. On February 28, 1961, the Ministry of the Interior granted the municipality the right to use the coat of arms in its current form.

Culture and sights

Kippenheim synagogue

Former Synagogue Memorial

The synagogue of Kippenheim, today a memorial, learning and meeting place, was built in the years 1850-1852 according to plans by the architect Georg Jakob Schneider in neo-Romanesque style. Its representative appearance testifies to the self-confidence of the Jewish community of Kippenheim, which with this building not least wanted to document its newly acquired status as a citizen. The synagogue - like many others - was demolished and desecrated by the National Socialists during the pogrom night in November 1938 . Traces of this desecration can still be seen today. In the post-war period an attempt was made to return the building to the Central Council of Jews, but this refused. In the end, an agricultural cooperative used the building as a workshop and warehouse. There were serious structural changes; among other things, the two towers and the gable with its rose window were removed. Due to its historical and architectural significance, the synagogue was classified in 1981 by the Ministry of the Interior of Baden-Württemberg as a “cultural monument of particular importance”. In 1983 the municipality of Kippenheim acquired the building and carried out a thorough exterior renovation in the following years. In the course of these measures, the facade was also returned to its original state. In 1996, the newly founded “Friends of the Former Synagogue Kippenheim e. V. ”in cooperation with the municipality of Kippenheim and the state monument office, a renovation concept for the interior of the building, which was implemented in 2002/03. In 1998, a memorial plaque for the victims of the Holocaust in Kippenheim was installed in the anteroom of the synagogue. Since then, the memorial, learning and meeting place Former Synagogue Kippenheim in the Central Baden region has made an important contribution to greater willingness to engage in dialogue and tolerance.

Schmieheim Jewish cemetery

The Schmieheim Jewish cemetery is located on the road from Kippenheim / Schmieheim to Wallburg, opposite the Altdorf-Wallburg airfield . According to estimates, the cemetery was laid out in 1682; it is the largest Jewish association cemetery in southern Baden with around 2500 graves. The cemetery is now a cultural monument. One of the oldest tombstones was dated to 1701. There is also a war memorial in the cemetery that is dedicated to the fallen of the First World War, it is supposed to show the attachment of the Jews to their German fatherland.

Also, the cemetery remained in the pogrom days not spared and so in November 1938, the morgue (were Taharahaus ) and many grave stones destroyed or knocked over. Until the 1980s there were repeated desecrations. The Friends of the Former Synagogue Kippenheim offers guided tours of the cemetery upon registration.

town hall

The building was built in 1610 in the Renaissance style with high stepped gables and richly decorated corner cores. Before the time around 1900, since it has served as a community administration, the house was, among other things, a market hall, an inn and a carter's hostel.

Buildings

The listed castle in the Schmieheim district, with its three towers, was built in the Renaissance style between 1606 and 1609 by Friedrich Bock von Gerstheim (1551–1645) and his second wife Salomone von Fegersheim (1571–1630) .

Regular events

The Kippenheim Wine Festival has been taking place on the second weekend in September for more than 50 years; Kilwi is also held annually, four weeks after Easter, in the Schmieheim district.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Kippenheim is connected to the national road network through the federal highway 3 ( Buxtehude - Weil am Rhein ).

The Altdorf-Wallburg airfield is located in the area of the municipality of Kippenheim.

Established businesses

Numerous small and medium-sized companies are based in the industrial park. a. the companies Janoschka and Beck (both manufacturers of gravure cylinders ), Neugart ( drive technology ), Lanner (plant construction), Jakob Schmid Söhne (parquet). From 1972 to 1995 the company EMT ( recording studio technology ) was located in Wilhelm-Franz- Strasse, named after the company founder .

The car company Fiat set up its new car central warehouse for Germany in the municipality in 1971, which passed into the ownership of Mosolf in 1994.

In the Schmieheim district is u. a. with the company Hiller one of the leading manufacturers of contract furniture. The beers of the Hieronymus, Geroldsecker, Schuss, Lager and Pils varieties that have been brewed in the Schmieheim Castle Brewery since 1843 are of regional importance .

Public facilities

The Kippenheim outdoor pool is open daily from 9 a.m. to 8 p.m. and 9 p.m. from mid-May to mid-September.

education

In Kippenheim there is a primary and secondary school with a Werkrealschule , which has a branch in the Schmieheim district. There is a Roman Catholic and two Protestant kindergartens for the youngest .

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the church

Johann Georg von Grechtler (1705–1780), kuk privy councilor , court war councilor a . Sergeant General
Johann Georg Stulz von Ortenberg (1771–1832), tailor, merchant and benefactor
Carl Zittel (1802–1871), theologian and leader of Protestant liberalism in Baden
Isaac Wolf Bernheim (1848–1945), German-American entrepreneur and patron, honorary citizen of Schmieheim
Albert Weill (1867–1950), choirmaster, cantor and composer
Selma Stern (1890–1981), historian
Erwin Bär (* 1921), former politician (DBD)
Pia Gilbert (1921–2018), German-American composer
Stef Wertheimer (* 1926), German-Israeli entrepreneur
Kurt Salomon Maier (* 1930), German-American lecturer
Inge Auerbacher (* 1934), German-American writer
Otmar Traber (* 1954), cabaret artist

Other personalities

Hedy Epstein , b. Wachenheimer (1924–2016), German-American civil rights activist; grew up in Kippenheim

literature

Uwe Schellinger (Ed.): Memory from stone. The synagogue in Kippenheim 1852–2002 . Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 2002, ISBN 978-3-89735-195-0 .

Albert Köbele , Hans Scheer and Emil Ell: Ortssippenbuch Schmieheim, Ortenaukreis / Baden, 1718–1977 . Grafenhausen: Köbele 1979 (= Badische Ortssippenbücher 44)

Albert Köbele, Klaus Siefert and Hans Scheer: Ortssippenbuch Kippenheim, Ortenaukreis / Baden . Grafenhausen: Köbele 1979 (= Badische Ortssippenbücher 43), processed period 1642–1978

Karl Kopp: The Kippenheim song. A Baden elementary school and its Israelite children . (Here Christian and Jewish children were taught equally between 1874 and 1938) Verlag Seitenweise , Bühl 2017, ISBN 978-3-943874-23-5

Web links

Commons : Kippenheim - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

History of the Jews of Kippenheim and the history of their synagogue on www.alemannia-judaica
Kippenheim and Schmieheim Castle on one architecture website
Former synagogue Kippenheim memorial

Individual evidence

↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI: Freiburg district , Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 . Pp. 363-364
↑ Tornado near Lahr on September 9, 1924: http://www.tornadoliste.de/19240909lahr.htm
^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 498 .
↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, Volume I, Bonn 1995, p. 51, ISBN 3-89331-208-0
↑ Theo Weber: Find the way to inner peace. Badische Zeitung, February 5, 2011.
↑ State Statistical Office, preliminary results of the 2019 municipal council elections
^ The Jewish Association Cemetery Schmieheim
↑ About us. In: myMOSOLF. Retrieved on September 19, 2019 (German).
^ Badische Zeitung: REGIO HISTORY: "In cozy clubs" - Literature & Lectures - Badische Zeitung . ( badische-zeitung.de [accessed on December 22, 2017]).