Gengenbach

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Gengenbach
Gengenbach
Map of Germany, position of the city of Gengenbach highlighted

Coordinates: 48 ° 24 '  N , 8 ° 1'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Freiburg
County : Ortenau district
Height : 175 m above sea level NHN
Area : 61.91 km 2
Residents: 11,023 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 178 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 77723
Area code : 07803
License plate : OG, BH , KEL, LR, WOL
Community key : 08 3 17 034

City administration address : 		Victor-Kretz-Str. 2
77723 Gengenbach
Website : www.stadt-gengenbach.de
Mayor : Thorsten Erny
Location of the city of Gengenbach in the Ortenau district
Frankreich Landkreis Rastatt Baden-Baden Landkreis Calw Landkreis Emmendingen Landkreis Freudenstadt Rheinau (Baden) Lauf (Baden) Sasbach Landkreis Rastatt Landkreis Rottweil Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis Achern Achern Achern Appenweier Bad Peterstal-Griesbach Berghaupten Biberach (Baden) Durbach Ettenheim Fischerbach Friesenheim (Baden) Gengenbach Gutach (Schwarzwaldbahn) Haslach im Kinzigtal Hausach Hofstetten (Baden) Hohberg Hornberg Kappel-Grafenhausen Kappel-Grafenhausen Kappelrodeck Willstätt Kehl Kehl Kippenheim Kippenheim Kippenheim Lahr/Schwarzwald Lauf (Baden) Lauf (Baden) Lautenbach (Ortenaukreis) Mahlberg Mahlberg Mahlberg Meißenheim Mühlenbach (Schwarzwald) Neuried (Baden) Nordrach Oberharmersbach Oberkirch (Baden) Oberkirch (Baden) Oberkirch (Baden) Oberkirch (Baden) Oberwolfach Offenburg Ohlsbach Oppenau Ortenberg (Baden) Ottenhöfen im Schwarzwald Renchen Renchen Ringsheim Ringsheim Rust (Baden) Rheinau (Baden) Rheinau (Baden) Rheinau (gemeindefreies Gebiet) Sasbach Sasbach Sasbach Sasbachwalden Schuttertal Schutterwald Schwanau Seebach (Baden) Seelbach (Schutter) Steinach (Ortenaukreis) Willstätt Willstätt Wolfach Zell am Harmersbachmap
About this picture

Gengenbach is a city in the Ortenaukreis in Baden-Württemberg and a former imperial city .

geography

Gengenbach in the Black Forest
Gengenbach by night

Geographical location

Gengenbach is located on the Kinzig in the lower Kinzig valley at 175 meters above sea ​​level on the edge of the central Black Forest . The highest point in the district is the Mooskopf with a height of 875 meters. The Haigerach flows through the village and flows into the Kinzig here.

Neighboring communities

The communities of Durbach and Oberkirch border Gengenbach in the north , Nordrach in the east and the town of Zell am Harmersbach in the south-east ; the municipality of Biberach borders in the south, the municipality of Friesenheim in the southwest and the municipalities of Hohberg , Berghaupten and Ohlsbach in the west .

City structure

In addition to itself, Gengenbach comprises three other districts.

district coat of arms Incorporation Residents
Bermersbach Coat of arms of Bermersbach 1st January 1975 819
Reichenbach Reichenbach coat of arms 1st January 1975 2,363
Schwaibach Schwaibach coat of arms 1st November 1971 1,114

These form localities within the meaning of the Baden-Württemberg municipal code, each with its own local council and mayor as its chairman.

The former community of Bermersbach includes the Bermersbach farms, the village of Fußbach with the Brandenhof, the Gehrenhöfen, the village of Strohbach with the Strohnhof and the hamlet of Wingerbach. The city of Gengenbach belongs to the city of Gengenbach within the limits of December 31, 1970. The former community of Reichenbach includes the village of Reichenbach, the farms Binzmatte, Haigerach, Höllhof, Hohgrund, Mittelbach, Mooshof, Pfaffenbach, Schlehwald, Schwärzenbach and Sondersbach and the Gaishut and Sägmühle residential areas. The farms Schwaibach, Dantersbach and Hüttersbach, the hamlets Bergach and Schönberg, the residential area Einach and the village of Bermersbach belong to the former municipality of Schwaibach. In the district Bermersbach are the disposed towns Beigern and Bransbach, have been merged into the town Gengenbach the villages Bridge Houses and Castelberg, have been merged into Reichenbach the villages pit and Schnaiberg and the district Schwaibach is the Outbound village Hetzental.

history

Origin of settlement and development into a city

A settlement in the urban area in Roman times is documented by a brick kiln discovered in 1974 and operated in the 2nd century AD, which probably belonged to a Roman estate.

In the vicinity of the Benedictine monastery Gengenbach , the town of Gengenbach developed from a rural settlement with a manorial market in the course of the high Middle Ages. The opidum Gengenbach is documented for the first time in 1231 .

Imperial city

Map of the imperial city of Gengenbach in the 18th century
City church of Gengenbach

In 1366 Gengenbach became an imperial city . The imperial city territory comprised the villages of Reichenbach, Schwaibach, Ohlsbach and Bermersbach as "country staffs". Since 1500 the place belonged to the Swabian Empire . The parish church was Martinskirche outside the wall ring until 1803, of which the Schwedenturm, Obertor, Kinzigtor and Niggelturm (14th to 16th centuries) have been preserved.

During the Thirty Years War, the city was devastated in two sieges in 1634 and 1643. On March 1, 1643, a mounted division of the Weimar Army in French service was sighted near the city . The same cavalry troop was chased up the Kinzig valley to shortly before Haslach by a 100-strong cavalry unit coming from Offenburg (under Lieutenant Colonel Beysinger). In Haslach, however, another division of the Weimar Army was camped. This took Beysinger's 100 men prisoner, while the latter was able to escape. On March 2, 1643, an approx. 1000-strong cavalry unit (under Colonel Roßwurm) began the siege of Gengenbach. On March 3, the rest of the army followed under the command of General Count von Guébriant , who had the fortifications bombarded with artillery. The general forced the commandant of the fortifications, Michael Schöffen, to withdraw, who did so immediately because the general was taken hostage. When Schöffel's 70 soldiers had withdrawn, Guébriant had his Scottish mercenaries plunder the town. Several towers and sections of the defensive wall were blown up.

During the Palatinate War of Succession , the city was almost completely destroyed by French troops in 1689. In the following century, the city was spared from warlike devastation and achieved a new prosperity. During this time, large parts of today's cityscape emerged, even if a fire in 1789 destroyed 50 houses during Shrovetide.

Mediatization until today

In 1803 the city was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Baden . It was initially the seat of the Gengenbach office , which was added to the Offenburg district office in 1872 (from 1939: Offenburg district ). It has been part of the Ortenau district since 1973 .

Religions

Gengenbach became Protestant in 1525, but returned to Catholicism in 1547/48 . In the city is the mother house of the Franciscan Sisters of the Divine Heart of Jesus , an order that looks after several social institutions in Germany and is active in missions in South America. The Gengenbach Mosque (Black Forest Mosque), which belongs to the DITIB umbrella association, was opened in the suburbs in 2001 . According to the 2011 census , 63.4% of Gengenbachers were Catholic, 17.4% Protestant and 18.8% belonged to another or no religious community.

politics

Municipal council

The municipal elections in Baden-Württemberg in 2019 led to the following result:

Party / list percent Seats 2014 result
CDU 32.1 7th 41.0%, 9 seats
Green List Gengenbach 32.8 7th 26.7%, 6 seats
SPD 14.5 3 16.8%, 4 seats
Free voters Gengenbach 20.5 5 15.5%, 3 seats

mayor

  • 1810–1822: Leopold Wolf, Lord Mayor
  • 1822–1823: Karl Quintenz (clerk)
  • 1823–1832: Matthias Usländer
  • 1832–1838: Karl Schmidt
  • 1838–1838: Georg Kretz (clerk)
  • 1838–1845: Franz Wolf
  • 1845–1848: Ferdinand Erhard
  • 1848–1848: Franz Wolf
  • 1848–1849: Gregor Ernst (clerk)
  • 1849–1851: Franz Fidel Kaiser (administrator)
  • 1851–1863: Eduard Stein
  • 1863–1875: Franz Abel
  • 1875–1878: Josef Wetterer
  • 1878–1898: Josef Isenmann
  • 1898–1921: August Herb
  • 1921–1933: Eduard Mack
  • 1933–1939: Franz Geiger (1890–1948; master tin maker, 1932–35 local group leader of the NSDAP Gengenbach)
  • 1939–1945: Anton Hägele (NSDAP)
  • 1945–1945: Julius brother sen. (Office administrator)
  • 1945–1946: Eduard Mack
  • 1946–1971: Erhard Schrempp (CDU)
  • 1971–1980: Otto Fellhauer (SPD)
  • 1980–1996: Jürgen Eggs
  • 1996–2011: Michael Roschach
  • 2011 until today: Thorsten Erny

coat of arms

Description : "In silver, a red-tongued, black eagle, covered with a red heart shield, inside a curved silver gang fish."

Since Gengenbach was a free imperial city, it was entitled to wear the imperial eagle on its seals and coats of arms. The fish first appeared on a seal in the 13th century.

In 1505 King Maximilian approved the described coat of arms, which united the eagle with the fish. It hasn't fundamentally changed since then, except that the background color has often been described as gold rather than silver. Gold was the color used in imperial coats of arms.

Town twinning

Gengenbach maintains a partnership with the following city :

The town twinning between Gengenbach and Obernai is considered the oldest town twinning between a Baden and an Alsatian town. The partnership came about through the mediation of Pastor Fridolin Bigott as well as the then Mayor of Obernai Marcel Gillmann and the then Mayor of Gengenbach Erhard Schrempp . The mayor, local council, fire brigade association, parishes and choirs, Black Forest Association and Club Vosgien, musical associations, schools and kindergartens work closely together. The Friends of the Partnership between Gengenbach and Obernai have existed since 2010.

Culture and sights

Raftsman Museum in the former gatekeeper house on the Black Forest Railway

Gengenbach is the starting point of the Black Forest Cross Path Gengenbach – Alpirsbach and is located on the Kinzig valley Jakobusweg and the Kandelhöhenweg , which each lead past many sights. Gengenbach is also on the German Half-timbered Road .

Museums

  • Rafting and Transport Museum
  • Loewenberg House Museum
  • Narrenmuseum in the Niggelturm
  • Art and parament museum in the mother house of the Franciscan Sisters
  • Defense history museum in the Kinzigtor

Memorials

Memorial plaque for the Jewish community of Gengenbach
  • At the municipal traffic office , the old department store on the market square , a memorial plaque has been commemorating the Jewish community of Gengenbach since 1986 , which held its services here until it was extinguished.
  • The Hermann Maas Community Center honors a Protestant pastor with this name who protected numerous Jews from persecution during the Nazi dictatorship.

Buildings

  • Gengenbach has retained a historic tower silhouette, formed by two church towers and five towers of the former city fortifications
  • The Jakobuskapelle ("Bergle") on a hill above the city - a landmark of Gengenbach that is visible from afar in the Kinzig valley
  • Historic old town with many half-timbered houses
  • Remains of the city fortifications: Sweden Tower, Prelate Tower, Obertor, Kinzigtor and Niggelturm (14th to 16th centuries). The 36 m high Niggelturm offers not only the Narrenmuseum but also a surrounding viewing gallery.
  • Engelgasse (called Judengasse until 1877 because the Gengenbach Jews lived there), a slightly curved half-timbered street. Remnants of the city wall serve as the back wall of the houses
  • City church with significant remains of the former Gengenbach monastery
  • Sankt Martinskirche , until the abolition of the monastery the parish church ("Leutkirche"), in the style of calm country Gothic, located outside the former fortifications
  • Old Chancellery (1699)
  • Löwenberg's house
  • House of the Thurn and Taxis Post Office
  • The town hall, built in 1784 by Viktor Kretz, a work of early classicism in Baden (a baroque "reverberation" is still recognizable)
  • Department store and granary, built in 1699 in the Renaissance style.
  • Scheffelhaus, home of Magnus Scheffel, the grandfather of the poet Victor von Scheffel . Magnus Scheffel was the last head conductor of the Benedictine abbey.
  • Färberhaus, half-timbered house from 1747. It shows an open, excellent attic where the fabrics were dried. As in Engelgasse, part of the city wall serves as a back wall, as does the neighboring houses.
  • City fountain with knight figure (figure replaced by a copy in 1975, original from 1582 in the Museum Haus Löwenberg)
  • Large fool's fountain in the winery by sculptor Friedhelm Zilly
  • Kinzigtalstadion, sports field with a view of the chapel
  • Kinzigtor
  • Upper gate
  • Tower of the city church
  • Niggel tower

Fascinating

Gengenbacher witch
Spättlehansel while “purring” in a Gengenbach inn

Gengenbach is a stronghold of the Swabian-Alemannic carnival , which is called "Fasend" there. Already in the Gengenbacher Stadtbuch, which was written between 1460 and 1480, the wearing of “carnival dresses” is forbidden on Ash Wednesday as a punishment. In 1499, some of the citizens of Gengenbach took the largest poker hook from the city wall during the Fasend period, painted and decorated it and wore it through the city in disguise. Fasend was officially banned until the 18th century. In the 19th century, a lively fascination tradition finally developed. The “Fidele Narrenverein” is mentioned for the first time in 1875, and the “Faschingsverein Humor” was founded in 1896, which subsequently staged large carnival games, for example the historical festival “The bestowal of civil liberties and rights by Emperor Charles IV on Fasendmontag 1897 the city of Gengenbach 1347 ”.

At the end of the 19th century, a masked Gengenbacher Hansel figure can be identified for the first time, which can be seen in photos from 1897 and which wore a pointed hood.

In 1925 the Gengenbach e. V. founded in 1499 , which is a member of the Association of Swabian-Alemannic Fools' Guilds (VSAN). With 1,205 members, the fool's guild is the city's largest association (as of November 2013). The Gengenbacher witch was introduced in the mid-1930s and, together with the Offenburg witch, is considered the oldest carnival witch ever. In 1938, the Spättlehansel joined as the second mask-wearing figure of the witch. For a time, both fool figures were embodied by women or men, until in 1957, when the association was entered into the register of associations, the still current regulation was made in the association's statutes that the witch is reserved for men and the Spättlehansel for women. Witches and Spättle parade through the town's inns, especially on Carnival Saturday and Sunday evenings, and entertain Gengenbachers and guests with “purrs and snouts”. With this traditional use of the mask, the mask wearers read the riot act ("purr") to the non-hooded fool in a high, disguised voice and then steal something from the plate or the glass ("snort"). In 2014, 180 witches and 162 Spättle were active in Gengenbach.

Witches newly admitted to the guild take part in the big parade on Fasendsonntag as the wild tusked dog , which is considered the oldest Gengenbacher Fasendsfigur and has been revived in recent years. The maskless lumbehound embodies an extremely fat man; Pants and top are stuffed with straw. Individual figures of the Gengenbacher fools guild are the Gengenbacher Schalk and the Bott (Narrenbüttel). To wake up the scoundrel who, according to the legend, sleeps outside of the foolish days in the Niggelturm, a shirtglunker parade takes place on Saturday three weeks before the actual Fasend . Boys and girls take part in the Fasend as Klepperlisbuben and Klepperlismaidli . The name comes from the “ Klepperli ”, a kind of castanet, that she always carries with her . The guild is represented by the council of fools and the traditional costume group of the Alt-Gengenbacher women .

More Gengenbach Fasendgruppen are the Narrenzunft brick and Matrazenbourg 1953 with the figures Binzmatthansel and dog that Ewerderfler fools Community (from Gengenbach Oberdorf) with their fools figure brats and Narrenzunft Höllteufel 1971 in the village of Reichenbach, the Narrenzunft Bergwalddeifel in the district Schwaibach and the fools Community straw Hansel in Strohbach district with the fool figures Strohhansel , s'Unkrut and the single figure Schierewächter . Other clubs and groups in Gegenbach also organize their own carnival evenings ("Turnerfasent", "Kolpingfasend", "Pfarrfasend").

The fool's museum in the Niggelturm shows masks, fool's clothes and documents on the history of the Gengenbacher Fasend on seven floors.

Other regular events

Gengenbach town hall as an advent calendar house
  • Every year in Advent, the Gengenbach town hall is transformed into the world's largest "Advent calendar house".
  • Every two years the Hermann Maas Medal is awarded by the Protestant parish of Gengenbach to people, groups and institutions who have made a name for themselves in promoting international understanding in the ecumenical sense.
  • Concert series in the Gengenbach churches.
  • Every third weekend in September, the traditional town and wine festival takes place on the town's market square.
  • Martini market (two-day fair) in November
  • Night watchman tours

Economy and Infrastructure

Gengenbach is a wine-growing place. The documents belonging to the wine region Ortenau in the wine region Baden . At grape varieties are u. a. cultivated: Pinot Noir , Müller-Thurgau , Riesling (Klingelberger), Ruländer (Grauer Burgunder).

In addition, Gengenbach is a tourist attraction with its location in the Kinzig valley and its old town. The Psychosomatic Specialist Clinic is also known. The Gengenbach location of the Ortenau Clinic , most recently with orthopedic, internal and anesthesiological departments, was completely closed in December 2018.

traffic

The Black Forest Railway ( Offenburg - Singen (Hohentwiel) ) connects Gengenbach to the national rail network. Both Deutsche Bahn and SWEG trains call at Gengenbach station. There are also three entrances and exits for the federal highway 33 in the direction of Offenburg (expanded to four lanes since 2017) and Konstanz.

media

The historic old town was the location for several television series and films:

Judiciary

The district court of Gengenbach belongs to the regional court district of Offenburg and the higher regional court district of Karlsruhe .

education

The Offenburg University of Applied Sciences maintains the Gengenbach campus in the city with the Faculty of Business Administration and Industrial Engineering (B + W) with various majors. The campus consists of the former Benedictine monastery in Gengenbach and the educational campus, which was inaugurated in October 2013, and which is partly used by the Erhard Schrempp school center.

The tradition of the Gengenbach grammar school goes back to the "extended citizen school" founded in 1895. Since October 2005 it has been called " Marta-Schanzenbach -Gymnasium". There is also a secondary and secondary school , a primary school and a special school .

The Xenoplex student research center as well as a new cafeteria and library have been located on the premises of the school center since 2019 .

There are also five kindergartens, the Catholic college for social pedagogy, the forest training center Mattenhof and the forest school home, the "Höllhof".

Personalities

Honorary Citizen of Gengenbach

  • Johann von Löwenberg (1807-1858); Freiherr, Imperial and Royal Austrian Rittmeister
  • Theodor Burger (1827-1911); Pastor of the city of Gengenbach
  • August Herb (1862-1921); Mayor, master tanner
  • Ignaz Blöder (1864-1951); Parish priest Gengenbach 1914–1935
  • Franz Hasselbach (1878–1957); Senior teacher
  • Otto Ernst Sutter (1884–1970); writer
  • Marta Schanzenbach (1907-1997); Politician ( SPD ), Member of the Bundestag 1949–1972, welfare worker, AWO
  • Helmut Eberwein (1913–2002); Spiritual councilor, dean, 1964–1989 pastor at St. Marien (monastery church), in 1989 made an honorary citizen
  • Wolfdieter Huy (1917-2003); Knight's Cross bearer; on September 5, 1941 appointed "Guest of Honor" of the city of Gengenbach

Honorary citizen of the Bermersbach district

  • Franz Malzacher (1855-1929); Main teacher in Bermersbach-Fußbach, made an honorary citizen on May 2, 1922
  • Karl Herbst (1856–1923); Head teacher in Bermersbach-Strohbach, made an honorary citizen on May 2, 1922

sons and daughters of the town

Bearer of the Federal Cross of Merit

  • Annemarie Renner (1896–1983), lecturer in sociology and political education at the Pedagogical Academy in Gengenbach
  • 1963, 1969, 1972: Marta Schanzenbach (SPD politician)
    Marta Schanzenbach
  • 1969: Elfriede Lang (long-term care of her husband)
  • 1981: Günther Junk (entrepreneur; long-term councilor)
  • 1985: Heinz Hempel (deputy mayor)
  • 1985: Reinhold Späth (Mayor Reichenbach)
  • 1987: Margarete Länger (long-term care of her severely disabled daughter)
  • 1987: Albert Suhm (long-term councilor)
  • 1988: Julius Roschach (long-term local councilor, local researcher)
  • 1990: Egon Kipper (long-standing ev. Parish council)
  • 2001: Hubert Boden (long-term councilor)
  • 2001: Ewald Lohrmann (long-term councilor)
  • 2005: Ingeborg Schäuble
  • 2007: Ernst Discher (long-term councilor)
  • 2008: Barbara End (Head of Museum Haus Löwenberg)
  • 2008: Reinhard End (Head of Museum Haus Löwenberg)
  • 2009: Rita Böhm (social engagement for fellow citizens)
  • 2015: Gerda Bohnert (long-term councilor, social commitment)

Other personalities

  • St. Pirminius (≈670–753), founder of the Gengenbach Monastery
  • Pamphilus Gengenbach (≈1480–1524 / 25), son of the printer Ulrich from Gengenbach
  • Franz von Mercy (1597–1645), an important military leader in the Thirty Years War (Tuttlingen, Mergentheim, Alerheim), owned a house in Gengenbach and married M. von Schauenburg there
  • Franz Xaver Mezler (1756–1812), physician, city doctor of Gengenbach
  • Else Eisner (widow of Kurt Eisner ( USPD ) (1887–1940), first Prime Minister of the "Free State" he proclaimed in 1918, the Bavarian Republic), lived in Gengenbach with two daughters from 1919 until he fled
  • Max Rieger (1904–1989), soccer player; lived in Gengenbach until his death in 1989
  • Emil Joseph Diemer (1908–1990), chess player, lived in the district nursing home in Gengenbach-Fußbach since 1964
  • Sister Marziana (Theresia Hermann, * 1913 in Tennenbronn; † in Gengenbach), religious sister, 1939–1989 nurse and medical-technical assistant in the Gengenbacher Stadtklinik St. Martin, 1988 awarded the Medal of Merit of the State of Baden-Württemberg
  • Wolfgang Schäuble (* 1942), CDU politician and Federal Minister of Finance; lived in Gengenbach until the beginning of 2011
  • Wolfgang Jost (* 1959), professor of neurology, scientist; lives in Gengenbach
  • Stefan Feld (* 1970), game designer, lives in Gengenbach, director of the Marta-Schanzenbach-Gymnasium
  • Christian Würtz (* 1971), auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Freiburg, from 2010 to 2018 parish administrator and later pastor of the Vorderes Kinzigtal pastoral care unit
  • Anna Hahner (* 1989), long-distance runner, living and training place for competition preparation together with twin sister Lisa
  • Lisa Hahner (* 1989), long-distance runner, living and training place for competition preparation together with twin sister Anna
and display information about the image
Vineyards and Kinzigbogen near Gengenbach

literature

  • Christa Indruch: Gengenbach. Small city with a great past . Richter, Gengenbach 1999, ISBN 3-86134-652-4 (illustrated book).
  • Manfred Liewald u. a .: Lovable old town, Gengenbach . 2nd Edition. Schillinger, Freiburg i. Br. 1987, ISBN 3-921340-47-0 (illustrated book).
  • Berthold Schaaf: Gengenbach - former free imperial city . (= The great art guides; 8). Schnell & Steiner, Munich 1971, ISBN 3-7954-0508-4 .
  • Paul Schaaf (Ed.): Gengenbach. Past and present . Thorbecke, Constance 1960.
  • City of Gengenbach (Hrsg.): Local history literature collection of the city of Gengenbach: Directory of local history and city history literature . Stadt Gengenbach, Gengenbach 1969 (49-page local history bibliography).
  • City of Gengenbach (ed.), Reinhard End (edit.): The Gengenbach book. A journey through the past and present of Gengenbach and the villages of Bermersbach, Reichenbach and Schwaibach . City of Gengenbach, Gengenbach 1990.
  • Frank Flechtmann: The "house on the forehead". Eisner family in Gengenbach . In: The Ortenau. Journal of the Historical Association for Mittelbaden 72, 1992, pp. 303–339.

Web links

Commons : Gengenbach  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Gengenbach  - travel guide

swell

  1. ↑ State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 514 .
  3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 500 .
  4. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume VI: Freiburg region Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-17-007174-2 . Pp. 320-325
  5. ^ Ulrich Brandl and Emmi Federhofer: Ton + Technik. Roman bricks. Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2403-0 ( publications from the Limes Museum Aalen. No. 61)
  6. ↑ Badische Heimat, 30. Jg., 1950, Heft 2, S. 16ff .: "Gengenbach: Zähringer Foundation - Imperial City - Benedictine Abbey"
  7. ↑ a b History of the city of Gengenbach. In: stadt-gengenbach.de. Retrieved July 18, 2020 .
  8. ^ Mosque in Gengenbach
  9. ↑ https://results.zensus2011.de/#dynTable:statUnit=PERSON;absRel=PROZENT;ags=083175003034;agsAxis=X;yAxis=RELIGION_AUSF
  10. ↑ Results of the municipal council election 2019. Accessed on May 27, 2019 .
  11. ↑ Source for the mayors from 1810 to 1996: Gengenbach City Archives: List of the mayors of Gengenbach (from 1810).
  12. ↑ Mack was taken into protective custody in June 1933 in the Offenburg official prison for "inflammatory speeches against the NSDAP". Der Kinzigtäler newspaper from June 27, 1933.
  13. ↑ Der Kinzigtäler newspaper from September 1, 1933. - Gengenbach city archives, holdings of old files, signature 203521.
  14. ^ Gengenbach - Gengenbach coat of arms (coat of arms). In: www.ngw.nl. Retrieved October 10, 2016 .
  15. ↑ Felix Ockenfuss: 60 ans de Jumelage - 60 years twinning between Gengenbach and Obernai. In: Badische Heimat , December 2018, pp. 606–614.
  16. ↑ Gengenbach rafting and transport museum
  17. ↑ Martin Ruch: 700 years of history of the Jews in Gengenbach 1308-2008, 115f.
  18. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, Volume I, Bonn 1995, p. 39, ISBN 3-89331-208-0
  19. ↑ The Niggelturm as fools Museum on the website of Narrenzunft Gengenbach eV
  20. ↑ Large fool's fountain in the winery by sculptor Friedhelm Zilly
  21. ↑ Wisdoms of the Ortenau. Edited by K. Walter. Offenburg n.d., page 76.
  22. ↑ 500 years of Gengenbacher Fasend 1499–1999. Edited by the Gengenbach fools' guild. Gengenbach 1999, page 7f.
  23. ↑ 500 years of Gengenbacher Fasend 1499–1999. Edited by the Gengenbach fools' guild. Gengenbach 1999, page 16f.
  24. ↑ Original text booklet in the Gengenbach City Archives, book collection holdings, call number 130.
  25. ↑ City Archives Gengenbach, inventory S01 photo collection, signatures 01.05950, 06.06229.
  26. ↑ a b A guild house needed in the medium term, baden-online.de, November 13, 2013; accessed on March 5, 2014
  27. ^ "Tante Bamba" wore the first mask in 1938 , Baden online, January 24, 2013
  28. ^ Gengenbach fools guild
  29. ↑ Herbal consecration in Gengenbach. Retrieved August 17, 2017 .
  30. ↑ Operations in the Gengenbach hospital will be closed on Friday. Retrieved July 11, 2019 .
  31. ↑ Schoolchildren study together with university students. badische-zeitung.de. Retrieved December 24, 2014 .
  32. ↑ Xenoplex - Student Research Center. Retrieved July 11, 2019 .
  33. ↑ Source on the honorary citizens: Various volumes of the "Gengenbacher Blätter"
  34. ↑ Burger was pastor in Hüfingen until 1888 . Julius Roschach: The honorary citizens of our city. In: Gengenbacher Blätter 1988, 53.
  35. ↑ Since the granting of honorary citizenship was severely restricted in the 3rd Reich, the city of Gengenbach created the name "Guest of Honor" to replace it. Julius Roschach: The honorary citizens of our city. In: Gengenbacher Blätter 1988, 53.
  36. ^ Vetter, Ferdinand: News about Justinger: Kunrat Justinger as a student and continuer of Königshof and the oldest historian of Bern and the Laupen controversy. In: Yearbook for Swiss History 31 (1906) doi : 10.5169 / seals-39752 ; Newly increased and improved Schweitzer Chronica or history book by Hans Rudolff Grimm. Basel 1796, page 39; Bernsche Neujahrsstücke: Complete collection from the year 1808 to 1838, page 4
  37. ↑ Baptism book cath. Parish of Gengenbach
  38. ↑ cf. Baden biographies and a life full of compositions at Baden-Online
  39. ↑ cf. Thomas Adam: The poet and his singer. Otto Oppenheimer and Dr. Hans Albert Ebbecke or: how the song of the "Brusle Dorscht" found its way into the world . In: Kurpfälzer Winzerfestanzeiger 2013, pp. 56–59; as well as Thomas Adam, Thomas Moos, Rolf Schmitt (eds.): Oppenheimer - A Jewish family from Bruchsal: traces - stories - encounters . Ubstadt-Weiher 2012, passim
  40. ↑ Gengenbacher Blätter 2015, page 9
  41. ^ Rüdiger Zymner: Gengenbach, Pamphilus. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
  42. ↑ Cf. Frank Flechtmann, Das Haus an der Stirn , in: Die Ortenau, 72nd annual volume 1992, pp. 303–339.
  43. ↑ a b All the best for the Hahner Twins at the Olympics! Retrieved July 28, 2016 .