Jewish community Kippenheim

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A Jewish community in Kippenheim in the Ortenau district in Baden-Württemberg existed from the middle of the 17th century until 1940.

history

Until 1933

The small town of Kippenheim was subject to the Margraves of Baden until 1809 , who initially pursued a restrictive Jewish policy. The first Jewish residents were allowed to settle here from the middle of the 17th century; around 1680 there were four families. The oldest prayer room, established around 1750, was located at the highest elevation of the "Judengässle" - also popularly known as "Zionsberg". The rapidly growing community had a new building built in the neo-Romanesque style in 1850/1851 . A synagogue building fund was set up for this purpose as early as 1842 . The Kippenheim synagogue , built according to plans by the Freiburg architect Georg Jakob Schneider , was inaugurated in January 1852. From 1874 there was a simultaneous school under state supervision in Kippenheim , which was attended by all children, regardless of their denomination. Deceased community members were buried in the nearby association cemetery in Schmieheim . Since 1790 Kippenheim belonged to the district rabbinate Schmieheim , which was moved to Offenburg in 1893 .

In the 1870s, the number of Jewish community members peaked at more than 300 people and made up 15% of the town's population. The cantor Albert Weill (1867–1950), father of the composer Kurt Weill , came from Kippenheim. Until the National Socialists came to power, the Jewish families living in Kippenheim were of great importance for the local economy.

The Israeli entrepreneur Stef Wertheimer was born here in 1926 . The last Jewish child born in Kippenheim was the chemist Inge Auerbacher .

time of the nationalsocialism

In 1933 there were still 144 Jewish residents living in Kippenheim. Although the call to boycott on April 1, 1933 was followed up only very hesitantly, in the following years the municipal council , which was made up of only NSDAP members, consistently enforced anti-Jewish orders. In 1936 all Jewish cattle dealers in Kippenheim gave up their trade. By the November pogrom in 1938 , another 45 people had left their home community; most found asylum in the United States.

On the morning of November 10, 1938, a Hitler Youth department from the nearby Lahr Regional Leader School destroyed the interior of the synagogue. The worshipers were driven to the town hall and handed over to a Gestapo detachment together with men from nearby Altdorf , which took them to the Dachau concentration camp . During the “ Wagner-Bürckel-Aktion ” in October 1940, around 30 Jews from Kippenheim were deported to the Gurs camp . This ended Jewish life in Kippenheim.

Of the 144 Jews living in Kippenheim in January 1933, 113 survived the Nazi era; 31 fell victim to the Nazi terror.

See also

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