Jewish community Rheinbischofsheim

A Jewish community in Rheinbischofsheim , a district of Rheinau in the Ortenaukreis in Baden-Württemberg , had existed since the 17th century.

history

In 1648 Jews were first mentioned on site. The landlord , the Counts of Hanau-Lichtenberg, allowed protective Jews to settle with their families on site.

In the 19th century, the Jewish community had a synagogue and a ritual bath ( mikveh ). A religion teacher was also employed who was also active as a prayer leader and schochet . The school and living space was in the synagogue building. The Jewish community belonged to the Bühl district rabbinate . The large number of Jewish traders and traders compared to the total number of inhabitants was important for the development of the place.

Community development

year	Parishioners
1736	4 families
1790	9 families
1825	102 people or 6.8% of the population
1875	155 people or 9.7% of the population
1895	105 people or 7.2% of the population
1900	95 people or 6.7% of the population
1910	72 people or 5% of the population
1924	69 people or 5% of the population
1933	57 people

graveyard

Only the members of the Löw Simson family were buried in the small Jewish cemetery . The other dead of the Jewish community were buried in Kuppenheim and Freistett .

During the First World War, Vice Sergeant Max Bloch (born March 22, 1880 in Rheinbischofsheim, found October 15, 1918), Josef Bloch (born March 2, 1878 in Rheinbischofsheim, found November 2, 1918), Eduard died from the Jewish community Bloch (born April 20, 1884 in Rheinbischofsheim, born November 18, 1916) and field surgeon Max Cahnmann (born February 29, 1892 in Rheinbischofsheim, lived in Bonn before 1914, died December 9, 1916). Their names are on the memorial for the fallen of the community Rheinbischofsheim. (from: alemannia judaica)

National Socialist Persecution

Most of the Jewish residents moved to larger cities or emigrated as the economic boycott and reprisals deprived them of their livelihoods. On June 17, 1935, the Jewish communities Rheinbischofsheim and Freistett were merged. The interior of the synagogue was destroyed during the November pogrom in 1938 . The Jewish men were taken to the Dachau concentration camp via Kehl . Gustav Bloch died as a result of the abuse he suffered there. On October 22, 1940, the last eight Jewish residents were deported to Gurs as part of the so-called Wagner-Bürckel campaign .

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 18 Jewish citizens born in Rheinbischofsheim who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

synagogue

A synagogue was built at Oderdorfstrasse 3 around 1815. Services were held there until November 1938 .

On November 10, 1938, the interior of the synagogue and the religious school were completely destroyed. The windows were smashed, the benches, the chandelier and the Torah shrine as well as the ritual objects were thrown into the forecourt and set on fire. In 1953 the building was demolished.

literature

• Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, pp. 396–398, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany . Volume 4).

Web links

• Jewish community Rheinbischofsheim near Alemannia Judaica

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Memorial book for the victims of the persecution of the Jews under the National Socialist tyranny in Germany 1933-1945. In: The Federal Archives. Federal Republic of Germany, accessed February 10, 2010 .