Rheinbischofsheim

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Rheinbischofsheim
City of Rheinau
"Rheinbischofsheimer coat of arms": In silver over blue water, a black high footbridge on which a blue swan body with a red beak is on a golden helmet.
Coordinates: 48 ° 39 ′ 7 ″  N , 7 ° 55 ′ 40 ″  E
Height : 132 m
Area : 12.33 km²
Residents : 2565  (Dec. 31, 2012)
Population density : 208 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 77866
Area code : 07844
map
Location of Rheinbischofsheim in Rheinau
Evangelical Church in Rheinbischofsheim
Evangelical Church in Rheinbischofsheim
St. John the Taeufer

Rheinbischofsheim (historically: Bischofsheim am Hohen Steg ) is a district of the city of Rheinau in the Ortenau district of Baden-Württemberg .

geography

Rheinbischofheim has an area of ​​12.33 km² and in 2012 had 2565 inhabitants.

Geographical location

Rheinbischofsheim is located in the Upper Rhine Plain in the city of Rheinau. The Rheinbischofsheim district consists largely of forest and water, including the Rench and the Holchenbach , which flows into the Galgenbach in the village . The "Thomaswald" is the largest forest area in Rheinbischofsheim. It owes its name to the Thomasstift in Strasbourg , to which it was donated by Bishop Richwin between 913 and 933 . In the west of the district there is still a small part of the alluvial forest , in which there are several arms of the old Rhine . These include the Bischemer reason and by the shipping company Louis and Jacob idol for Stretch enlarged Grosch water .

Neighboring places

The neighboring towns of Rheinbischofsheim are the Rheinau districts of Freistett in the north and Diersheim in the west, as well as Hohbühn (to Linx ), Hausgereut and Holzhausen in the south. Otherwise, the area borders on the Achern district of Wagshurst , the Kehler district of Zierolshofen , Renchen , and Appenweier .

history

middle Ages

The village of Bischofsheim am Hohen Steg was in the Lichtenau district of the Lichtenberg rule . It was a fiefdom of the Bishop of Strasbourg , the first lending probably took place in 1274. This is also the oldest recorded mention of the place as "Bischovesheim". Other forms of name are later used: "Bischovisheim" and "Bischofesheim prope Rhenum" (near the Rhine).

1304 had here the Monastery of All Saints , which Gengenbach Abbey and young St. Peter farms and estates. In 1335, the middle and younger lines of the House of Lichtenberg divided the country. The office of Lichtenau - and thus Rheinbischofsheim - fell to Ludwig III. von Lichtenberg , who founded the younger line of the house. The church was mentioned in a document in 1371. From 1390 to 1393 the indebted Heinrich IV. Von Lichtenberg -Lichtenau had to pledge all places belonging to the Lichtenau office (all places of the lower, later so-called “ Hanauerland ”), including Bischofsheim, to the knight Dietmar von Blumenau.

During the "Episcopal War" in 1429 around 60 farmers in Bischofsheim were killed in the burning church. With the death of the last Lichtenberger, Jakob von Lichtenberg , in 1480, the office and thus also Bischofsheim fell to the heirs of Anna von Lichtenberg (* 1442–1474), daughter of Ludwig V von Lichtenberg (* 1417–1474) and one of the two heirs to the rule. In 1458 she married Count Philip I of Hanau-Babenhausen (* 1417, † 1480), who had received a small secondary school from the holdings of the County of Hanau in order to be able to marry her. Through this marriage, the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg came into being .

Hanau-Lichtenberg

In the German Peasants' War , Hans Schneider and Thomas Fuhrer were the leaders of the Bischofsheimer farmers who took part in the negotiations in Renchen from May 22nd to 25th, 1525 about the 12 articles of the farmers. Count Philip IV of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1514–1590), after taking office in 1538, consistently carried out the Reformation in his county, which now became Lutheran .

In 1552 the Spanish Duke Alba , whose troops plundered the villages, stayed in the house of the mayor . In 1574 the place is called "Bischoffesheim zum Hohen Steg", the official place name until the beginning of the 19th century (hence the bridge in today's coat of arms). In 1579 Tobias Römer was the first Evangelical clergyman in Bischofsheim . At that time the branches Freistett and Memprechtshofen belonged to the " Church Game Bischofsheim" , from 1731 also Diersheim.

In 1602 a schoolhouse was built in Bischofsheim from church funds. In 1626, during the Thirty Years' War, 200 imperial troops were quartered in Bischofsheim. In 1634 Rittmeister Ingold occupied the Bischofsheim staff with several thousand guilders and in 1636 and 1637 the plague raged in Hanauerland. Five years later, in 1642, the Bischofsheimer church was destroyed.

The construction after the end of the Thirty Years War was slow: the church was restored in 1654. But in 1670, 22 years after the end of the war, 22 farms were still deserted. In 1652, Count Johann Reinhard II of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1628–1666) bought “a stately half-timbered house behind the common arbor” (town hall) and in 1653 the castle pond. The Lichtenau office for maintenance and residence was assigned to him by his father's will. Here he took care of the reconstruction after the destruction of the Thirty Years War, encouraged the immigration of Swiss people and began building the infrastructure that had been destroyed, such as the schools. He combined the offices of Lichtenau and Willstätt and created an "Office Bischofsheim". In 1666 Johann Reinhard II died and Anna Magdalena , his widow, moved in 1672 with her children, Johann Reinhard III, who were born here . , Philipp Reinhard , Johanna Magdalena and Luise Sophie to Babenhausen Castle . The administration of the office was also moved back to Willstätt in 1680 by bailiff Hüffel.

During the war of devolution Louis XIV. 1667–1679 French troops of Marshal Turenne were quartered in Bischofsheim . In 1688 French troops were billeted again, looting and destruction were numerous. Also in 1688 Johann Reinhard III visited. his place of birth for the first time as regent and exempted the needy population from the fourth quarter of penalties and taxes .

Shortly after his wedding (1699), Count Johann Reinhard III. von Hanau started building a castle in his place of birth, Bischofsheim am Hohen Steg , but due to the War of the Spanish Succession 1701–1714, only the left side wing was built. This was used in the 18th century for storage e.g. B. used by crops, wood or tools of water or agriculture. In 1808 an apartment was set up in the castle wing for the chief clerk of the Bischofsheim office. After various repairs, the palace wing was demolished between 1843 and 1848.

In 1707, on the orders of the French, 11 men helped with entrenchment work at Stollhofen , roughly across from Fort-Louis . In 1725 the people of Bischofsheim took part in the Hanau peasant uprising due to high taxes, arbitrary rule by civil servants and breach of the Renchner Treaty of 1525.

Hessen-Darmstadt

After the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. In 1736, the inheritance - and with it the Lichtenau office - fell to the son of his only daughter, Charlotte von Hanau-Lichtenberg , Landgrave Ludwig (IX.) Of Hesse-Darmstadt .

In 1743 the War of the Austrian Succession also hit Bischofsheim: from 1740 to 1748 Hungarian and Bohemian regiments were in the villages of Hanauerland and from 1792 to 1797 dragoons and hussars of Austrian field marshal Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser .

In 1754 a new school house was built. In 1757, Prince Soubise was a guest at the palace. At the expense of the Buchsweiler office there was a large feast for a total of 5045 guilders. Freistetter boys ravaged the house of Fiskal Jenser in 1789 and in 1797 the village was heavily ravaged after the battle of Diersheim .

to bathe

With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , the office and thus also the bishop's home - was assigned to the Electorate of Baden in 1803 . The new rule of Elector Karl Friedrich von Baden established the Office of Rheinbischofsheim under Oberamtmann Kappler . His successor, von Wechmar, resided temporarily in Neufreistett from 1806 , until 1808 the castle was expanded into service rooms for the office and the apartment of the civil servant.

In 1813 the village was given its current name, Rheinbischofsheim . So far it had been called Bischofsheim am Hohen Steg . In 1817 the Latin school was relocated from Neufreistett to Rheinbischofsheim and in 1821 a new school building was added next to the church.

In 1856 the office was moved to Kork . In 1864 a Roman Catholic church was built as a branch church of the parish of St. Michael Honau . Today's evangelical church, designed by Ludwig Diemer , was built between 1873 and 1876.

20th century

In January 1919 the occupation by French troops began, which lasted until 1924.

From 1944 to 1945 Rheinbischofsheim was shelled by artillery and there were several bomb attacks. Five residents died.

On January 1, 1975, Rheinbischofsheim was incorporated into the new town of Rheinau.

Population development

year 1590 1790 1802 1857 1885 1925 1939 1946 1950 1961 1970 1975 2012
Residents 84 207 215 1428 1569 1377 1439 1354 1411 1473 1653 1629 2565

politics

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Rheinbischofsheim shows a blue swan body with a red beak on a golden helmet on a high, black footbridge over blue water on a silver background. Rheinbischofsheim has had this coat of arms since 1907.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

In Rheinbischofsheim there are two stops that the place by bus lines with Achern , Lichtenau , Bühl and Kehl connect.

The state road 75 runs through Rheinbischofsheim. In addition, the L87 connects Rheinbischofsheim with the motorway junctions Achern ( federal motorway 5 ) and Offendorf ( autoroute A35 ). In France, the L87 continues as the D2.

education

In Rheinbischofsheim there is not only a primary school but also the Anne Frank Gymnasium and a Werkrealschule in the Karl Grampp building . In the Werkrealschule, however, only the 7th to 10th grades are taught. Classes for the 5th and 6th grades take place in Freistett.

Established businesses

The only larger company in Rheinbischofsheim is RMA Rheinau .

Personalities

literature

  • Fritz Eyer: The territory of the Lords of Lichtenberg 1202-1480. Investigations into the property, the rule and the politics of domestic power of a noble family from the Upper Rhine . In: Writings of the Erwin von Steinbach Foundation . 2nd edition, unchanged in the text, by an introduction extended reprint of the Strasbourg edition, Rhenus-Verlag, 1938. Volume 10 . Pfaehler, Bad Neustadt an der Saale 1985, ISBN 3-922923-31-3 (268 pages).
  • Nikolaus Honold and Kurt Schütt: Chronicle of the city of Rheinau . 1988.
  • Friedrich Knöpp: Territorial holdings of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg in Hesse-Darmstadt . [typewritten] Darmstadt 1962. [Available in the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt , signature: N 282/6].
  • Alfred Matt: Bailliages, prévôté et fiefs ayant fait partie de la Seigneurie de Lichtenberg, du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg, du Landgraviat de Hesse-Darmstadt . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (Eds.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480 - 1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 7-9.
  • Wilhelm Mechler: The territory of the Lichtenberger to the right of the Rhine . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (Eds.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480 - 1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 31-37.

Web links

Commons : Rheinbischofsheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eyer, p. 239; Knöpp, p. 11; Matt, p. 9.
  2. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 141; Knöpp, p. 13.
  3. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 145.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h Honold and Schütt: Chronik , pp. 361–363.
  5. ↑ Eyer, pp. 79f.
  6. ↑ Mechler, p. 36.
  7. ↑ Honold, Schütt, Chronik , pp. 84–86.
  8. ↑ Ewald M. Hall: field name book of the city of Rheinau . City of Rheinau, Rheinau, p. 12.
  9. ↑ Honold, Schütt, Chronik , p. 86
  10. ↑ Honold, Schütt, Chronik , p. 86.
  11. ^ Wilhelm Mechler: The territory of the Lichtenberger right of the Rhine . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (ed.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480 - 1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 31-37 (31).
  12. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 514 .
  13. ^ Rheinbischofsheim - Heraldry of the World . Heraldry of the World. Retrieved August 17, 2015.