Stollhofen (Rheinmünster)
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Stollhofen
Community Rheinmünster
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| Height : | 124 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 12.36 km² |
| Residents : | 1554 (May 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 126 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st October 1974 |
| Postal code : | 77836 |
| Area code : | 07227 |
Stollhofen is a district of the municipality of Rheinmünster in the Rastatt district in Baden-Württemberg .
geography
Stollhofen is located on the Sulzbach . The Sulzbach and its neighboring run, the Sandbach , come from the area of Bühl and Bühlertal . The Sulzbach emerged as an overflow from the so-called Kinzig-Murg channel . During a flood it had broken a depression through the Stollhofener Platte and thus found a direct route to the Rhine .
history
In a document from 1154 the place is mentioned as "Stadelhoven" with basilica and manor. In 1212 Heinrich von Stadelhoven renounced his inheritance in favor of the Schwarzach Abbey and the Knight von der Windeck and withdrew to his estates in Söllingen . From this point on, the place belonged to the Knight von der Windeck. The Herrenhof remained in the possession of the Schwarzach Monastery. Likewise, the monastery was able to keep its rights in the Bannwald proportionately.
The Vallator mint built in 994 - on today's DOW site - was able to transfer the monastery to the "Freihof", formerly the Herrenhof zu Stollhofen, from 1275 onwards. Before 1300, the "New City" was founded next to the older churchyard. A settlement area of approx. Five hectares was fortified on a neighboring oval brook island, protected by the castle mentioned in 1292. There was enough space for 60 farmsteads with around 500 people. The castle of Stollhofen served as the seat of the official administration for centuries. In 1302 the place was mentioned for the first time as a "city". In 1309 Eberlin von Windeck sold his "Vogtei Stollhofen" with the town and the two villages of Söllingen and Hügelsheim to Margrave Rudolf von Baden. From 1389 this bailiwick was upgraded by the allocation of another ten villages; the Baden office of Stollhofen was established. In 1490/93 the Schwarzach Abbey sold further rights in the Bannwald to the Margrave of Baden.
In 1594 a garrison from Baden was set up in Stollhofen. In peacetime it consisted of 50 soldiers. Around 1625 the city had around 1000 inhabitants and thus reached its highest level of development. In addition to the well-fortified parish and mother church of St. Cyriak in the suburbs, the citizens were able to build a second church dedicated to St. Erhard within the city at an early stage . Two grinding mills, half a dozen hemp mills, two tanner mills, a grinding mill, several craft guilds and a mooring on the Rhine testified to a lively citizenship. The school in the suburb was also responsible for the children from the villages of Söllingen and Hügelsheim. Four annual markets and a weekly market provided the population and the garrison with the goods they needed.
Armed conflicts took place several times in and around the fortified Stollhofen in the 17th century. If it was affected in the Peasants 'War, it played an important role in the Thirty Years' War , when it was conquered and ruined several times. The fortress experienced a high point of military activity as the main and cornerstone of the battles for the " Bühl-Stollhofener Line " in the War of the Spanish Succession . Finally it was taken in 1707 and the fortifications razed, although today only the narrow construction or street names are reminiscent of the great times of Stollhofen. Hardly any remains of the castle, churches and city walls remained. Only with difficulty did the decimated and impoverished population succeed in rebuilding a church appropriate to the place in 1769. When an administrative reform was carried out in 1790, the old Baden office of Stollhofen was dissolved and the more than 500-year-old city rights were lost.
By 1835 the village had again reached the 1000 inhabitant limit. The Jewish community, which was dissolved again in 1873, built a synagogue in Herrenstrasse after 1828 . The Thurn-und-Taxis post office also brought a certain degree of prosperity to the town. Due to a wave of emigration (from 1835) to America, the place lost 338 inhabitants within 20 years, so that the population was only able to recover to just over 1000 around 1900.
The baroque church was built in 1769. The builder was Franz Ignaz Krohmer, court architect from Baden and student of Balthasar Neumann . This church bears a patriarchal cross (double cross) on the onion dome as a sign of the mother church of St. Cyriak, which was destroyed in 1632. The baroque interior of the church captivates with its solemn harmony as soon as you enter. The ceiling paintings by the church painter Wagenbrenner in 1923 are very meaningful. The old grave slab from 1348 in front of the cemetery chapel is barely legible.
The coat of arms of Stollhofen shows next to the Baden part a silver key on a blue field. This seal was already used on a court document from 1345. The key symbolizes the term “right” and at the same time establishes the connection to St. Peter, one of the patrons Peter and Paul, to whom the monastery minster Schwarzach is consecrated and was connected to the Stollhofen for centuries.
The judiciary in Stollhofen was originally taken care of by the Schwarzach Abbey under the chairmanship of the abbot, and all of them had to appear for the meetings, which usually take place on Tuesdays, on the court square “under the fir trees”. With the sale of Stollhofen, the court came under Baden administration. In 1345, the Margrave of Baden personally held a court day under the “town hall arbors of his city of Stollhofen”. The former place of execution was outside the city on the road to Lichtenau; the area is still called "Galgenbosch" today.
Stollhofen was a junction of the Central Baden Railways .
On October 1, 1974, Stollhofen merged with three other municipalities to form the new municipality of Rheinmünster.
Individual evidence
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 483 .
