Office Lichtenau (Ortenau)

Coat of arms of the Lichtenberg rule

Coat of arms of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg since 1606

Coat of arms of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt

Coat of arms of the Electorate of Baden

The Lichtenau office was an office of the Lichtenberg rule , later the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg , from which it passed to the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt and from there to the Electorate of Baden .

history

Lichtenberg

The office goes back to the Wasserburg Lichtenau . The Lords of Lichtenberg fought on the side of the victor, Albrecht von Habsburg , in the battle of Göllheim in 1298 . Kuno von Bergheim was one of his opponents. The Lichtenbergers destroyed Crax Castle (Krax) in 1298 on behalf of the king and transported their building materials by water to the Schwarzach Monastery , in the Rhine plain, where they built Lichtenau Castle on allodial terrain. A settlement was built in the vicinity of the castle, which was granted Hagenau town charter as early as 1300 by King Albrecht I. The Lords of Lichtenberg concentrated their official administration for the surrounding area here, the Lichtenau office .

In 1335 the land was divided between the middle and younger lines of the House of Lichtenberg . The office of Lichtenau fell to Ludwig III. von Lichtenberg , who founded the younger line of the house, took up residence in Lichtenau and in many cases also called himself von Lichtenau . 1390 to 1393 the indebted Heinrich IV of Lichtenberg- Lichtenau pledged all places belonging to the Lichtenau office to the knight Dietmar von Blumenau .

In 1440 one of the disputes between Jakob von Lichtenberg and his brother, Ludwig V. von Lichtenberg (* 1417, † 1474), was attempted to end by dividing the rule. The office of Lichtenau received Ludwig V.

Hanau-Lichtenberg

Anna von Lichtenberg (* 1442; † 1474) was the daughter of Ludwig V von Lichtenberg (* 1417; † 1474), one of two heirs with claims to the rule of Lichtenberg . In 1458 she married Count Philip I the Elder of Hanau-Babenhausen (* 1417, † 1480), who had received a small secondary school from the holdings of the County of Hanau in order to be able to marry her. The county of Hanau-Lichtenberg came into being through the marriage. After the death of the last Lichtenberger, Jakob von Lichtenberg , an uncle of Anna, Philipp I. d. Ä. 1480 half of the Lichtenberg rule. The other half went to his brother-in-law, Simon IV. Wecker von Zweibrücken-Bitsch . The office of Lichtenau belonged to the part of Hanau-Lichtenberg that the descendants of Philipp and Anna inherited.

Count Johann Reinhard II of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1628–1666) was assigned the office of Lichtenau for maintenance and residence by his father's will. Here he lived from around 1650 in the castle in Bischofsheim am Hohe Steg , took care of the reconstruction after the destruction of the Thirty Years War , encouraged the immigration of Swiss people and began building the infrastructure that had been destroyed, such as the schools.

Hessen-Darmstadt

After the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. In 1736, the inheritance - and with it the Lichtenau office - fell to the son of his only daughter, Charlotte von Hanau-Lichtenberg , Landgrave Ludwig (IX.) Of Hesse-Darmstadt . With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the office was assigned to the newly formed Electorate of Baden in 1803 . The new rule of Elector Karl Friedrich von Baden also established a new administrative structure.

structure

Communities

place	origin	Law	annotation
Bischofsheim am Hohen Steg (today: Rheinbischofsheim)	First loan probably in 1274	Fief of the Bishop of Strasbourg
Bodersweier	First loan probably in 1274	Fief of the Bishop of Strasbourg
Diersheim	First loan probably in 1274	Fief of the Bishop of Strasbourg
Freett	First loan probably in 1274	Fief of the Bishop of Strasbourg	After Neufreistett was hived off from its district in 1745: "Altfreistett".
Grauelsbaum			Belonged to Lichtenau; Ferry and customs were part of the Lichtenberg rule.
Gugelingen (Guglingen; desert)	"Old stock", previous owner cannot be determined	Allod	Middle of the 15th century. Part of the Lichtenau office, later deserted
House-paid	First loan probably in 1274	Fief of the Bishop of Strasbourg	Until 1785 it formed its own judicial district together with Holzhausen
Helmets	"Old stock", previous owner cannot be determined	Allod	Part of Lichtenau
Hirsach (Rheinau)	"Old stock", previous owner cannot be determined	Allod	In the middle of the 15th century, part of the Lichtenau office, later destroyed
Hohbühn (Hohenbühn)	First loan probably in 1274	Fief of the Bishop of Strasbourg	After 1745 it belonged to the Linx mayor's office.
Holzhausen	First loan probably in 1274	Fief of the Bishop of Strasbourg	Until 1785, Holzhausen and Hausgereut formed their own judicial district.
Leutesheim	First loan probably in 1274	Fief of the Bishop of Strasbourg
Lichtenau (castle)	built in 1298	Allod
Lichtenau (city)	originated from 1298	Allod	City charter: 1300
Linx	First loan probably in 1274	Fief of the Bishop of Strasbourg	Until 1745 "Stabhalterei" ( Vogtei ), then mayor's office
Memprechtshofen	"Old stock", previous owner cannot be determined	Allod
Muck head (mosquito head)	"Old stock", previous owner cannot be determined	Allod	Part of Lichtenau
Neuffreistett		Fief of the Bishop of Strasbourg	Spun off from Freistett in 1745
Querbach			After 1736 to the office of Willstätt
Renchenloch	First loan probably in 1274	Fief of the Bishop of Strasbourg
Scherzheim		Allod	Part of Lichtenau
Zierolshofen	First loan probably in 1274	Fief of the Bishop of Strasbourg	Belonged to Bodersweiher until 1781

Mills, farms and rights

The Lichtenau office also included a Rhine toll and a right of escort , both imperial fiefs, as well as a Neulandt (or Neusand) court, a fiefdom of the Bishop of Strasbourg and the Quergen court . The Gundesweiher desert lay further here.

literature

• Fritz Eyer: The territory of the Lords of Lichtenberg 1202-1480. Investigations into the property, the rule and the politics of domestic power of a noble family from the Upper Rhine . In: Writings of the Erwin von Steinbach Foundation . 2nd edition, unchanged in the text, by an introduction extended reprint of the Strasbourg edition, Rhenus-Verlag, 1938. Volume 10 . Pfaehler, Bad Neustadt an der Saale 1985, ISBN 3-922923-31-3 (268 pages).
• Friedrich Knöpp: Territorial holdings of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg in Hesse-Darmstadt . [typewritten] Darmstadt 1962. [Available in the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt , signature: N 282/6].
• Alfred Matt: Bailliages, prévôté et fiefs ayant fait partie de la Seigneurie de Lichtenberg, du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg, du Landgraviat de Hesse-Darmstadt . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (eds.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480–1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 7-9.
• Wilhelm Mechler: The territory of the Lichtenberger to the right of the Rhine . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (ed.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480–1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 31-37.

Remarks

1. ^ At Mittelbergheim in Alsace, see: List of castles, palaces and fortresses in Alsace .
2. ↑ About the Name: While its hilltop castle " Lichten mountain had" called now Wasserburg received in the Rhine valley the name " Lichten au ". The Lichtenthal monastery near Baden-Baden (previously: "Büren Monastery") also got its name from the Lichtenberg House (Eyer, p. 20).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Eyer, p. 27.
2. ↑ Eyer, p. 28.
3. ↑ Mechler: Das Territorium , p. 32f.
4. ↑ Eyer, pp. 79f.
5. ^ Nikolaus Honold and Kurt Schütt: Chronicle of the city of Rheinau . 1988, pp. 361-363.
6. ↑ Eyer, p. 99.
7. ↑ Mechler, p. 36.
8. ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
9. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 145.
10. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 141; Knöpp, p. 13.
11. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239; Knöpp, p. 13.
12. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 145.
13. ↑ Eyer, p. 56; Knöpp, p. 13.
14. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239; Knöpp, p. 13.
15. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 145.
16. ↑ Eyer, p. 56; Knöpp, p. 13.
17. ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
18. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 145.
19. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 141.
20. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
21. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
22. ↑ Eyer, pp. 100, 115.
23. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239.
24. ↑ Eyer, p. 56.
25. ↑ Mechler, pp. 33, 35.
26. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239; Knöpp, p. 13.
27. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 145.
28. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 141; Knöpp, p. 13.
29. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
30. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239; Knöpp, p. 13.
31. ↑ Eyer, p. 56.
32. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
33. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 99, 239.
34. ↑ Eyer, p. 56.
35. ↑ Mechler, p. 33.
36. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
37. ↑ Eyer, p. 56.
38. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
39. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
40. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239; Knöpp, p. 13.
41. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 145.
42. ↑ Eyer, p. 56; Knöpp, p. 13.
43. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
44. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239; Knöpp, p. 13.
45. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 145.
46. ↑ Eyer, p. 56; Knöpp, p. 13.
47. ↑ Eyer, p. 99.
48. ↑ Eyer, pp. 28, 114.
49. ↑ Eyer, pp. 28, 114.
50. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239.
51. ↑ Eyer, pp. 28, 114.
52. ↑ Eyer, pp. 28, 114.
53. ↑ Eyer, p. 236.
54. ↑ Eyer, p. 239.
55. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 145.
56. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 141.
57. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
58. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239.
59. ↑ Eyer, pp. 28, 114.
60. ↑ Eyer, p. 114.
61. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239.
62. ↑ Eyer, pp. 28, 114.
63. ↑ Eyer, p. 114.
64. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
65. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
66. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
67. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
68. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239.
69. ↑ Knöpp, p. 19.
70. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239.
71. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 145.
72. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 141.
73. ↑ Eyer, pp. 99, 239.
74. ↑ Eyer, p. 114.
75. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
76. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 145.
77. ↑ Eyer, pp. 56, 141.
78. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
79. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13f.