Freett

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Freett
City of Rheinau
"Freistetter Wappen": Golden ship's hook on a red shield.
Coordinates: 48 ° 40 ′ 4 ″  N , 7 ° 56 ′ 8 ″  E
Height : 132 m
Area : 21.3 km²
Residents : 3854  (2018)
Population density : 181 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 77866
Area code : 07844
map
Location of Freistett in Rheinau
Center with town hall and St. Georg church
Center with town hall and St. Georg church
Freistett from the air

Freistett (historically after 1745 also: Altfreistett) is the capital of the Baden-Württemberg city ​​of Rheinau (Baden) . The place has an area of ​​21.3 km² and in 2012 had a total of 3475 inhabitants.

geography

Geographical location

Freistett lies in the Upper Rhine Plain , the Rhine forms the German- French border. The district of Freistett borders directly on the river to the west. The Glockenloch industrial park extends right up to the Rhine crossing to France at the Rheinau-Gambsheim barrage .

Neighboring places

The neighboring towns of Freistett are the Rheinau districts of Rheinbischofsheim in the south, Helmlingen in the north and Memprechtshofen in the northeast, as well as the Alsatian municipality of Gambsheim on the other side of the Rhine in the west. In the east the area borders on the Achern districts Wagshurst and Gamshurst .

Waters

The Galgenbach coming from the Holchenbach and the Mühlbach into which the Galgenbach joins flow through Freistett . The Lower Rhine Canal branches off from the Mühlbach on the outskirts . The Rhine side canal also flows through the industrial area . In addition, the Rench and Acher canals, the Schwiebergraben , the Seemattengraben , the Benzmattengraben and the Rittgraben flow outside the village . In addition to the large Peterhafen , which is connected to the Rhine, there is also a smaller swimming lake as well as numerous ponds and old Rhine waters in Freistett.

history

middle Ages

The oldest written mention of Freistett from 828 calls the place "Fregistat". In 10./11. The Heidenkirchl, the oldest church in Hanauerland , was built in the 19th century . When the so-called Kirchelberg near Heidenkirchl was demolished, graves were found that probably belong to an Alemannic settlement that existed around AD 600 .

The village of Altfreistett was in the Lichtenau district of the Lichtenberg domain . It was a fiefdom of the Bishop of Strasbourg . In 1335, the middle and younger lines of the House of Lichtenberg divided the country. The Lichtenau office - and thus Freistett - fell to Ludwig III. von Lichtenberg , who founded the younger line of the house.

Anna von Lichtenberg (* 1442; † 1474) was the daughter of Ludwig V von Lichtenberg (* 1417; † 1474), one of two heirs with claims to the rule of Lichtenberg . In 1458 she married Count Philip I the Elder of Hanau-Babenhausen (* 1417, † 1480), who had received a small secondary school from the holdings of the County of Hanau in order to be able to marry her. The county of Hanau-Lichtenberg came into being through the marriage . After the death of the last Lichtenberger, Jakob von Lichtenberg , an uncle of Anna, Philipp I. d. Ä. 1480 half of the Lichtenberg rule. The other half went to his brother-in-law, Simon IV. Wecker von Zweibrücken-Bitsch . The office of Lichtenau belonged to the part of Hanau-Lichtenberg that the descendants of Philipp and Anna inherited.

Early modern age

Together with the inhabitants of some other villages the residents stormed Freistetts 1525 during the Peasants' War , the monastery Schwarzach .

During the Thirty Years' War the Freistetter fled from Mansfeld mercenaries to the Rhine Islands, which is why Bailiff Reinhard von Schauenburg sent 35 men to reinforce the "Hanauer-Rheinwache". In addition, the Heidenkirchl was partially destroyed in 1628. In 1632 the inhabitants of Freistett had to flee again to the Rhine islands, because troops of the imperial Colonel Ossa had invaded the village and in 1634, because the Fürstenberg cavalry master Ingold invaded the village and burned 35 houses. In the following year it was necessary to flee again from imperial troops and the plague raged in Hanauerland. The consequences of the Thirty Years' War continued to have an effect.

In the course of the wars of expansion Louis XIV. 1667–1679, the residents of Freistett had to flee again to the Rhine Islands or Strasbourg after refugees from Alsace had come to Freistett and a position of French troops was established on the Werhag under Marshal Turenne . The parish church of Freistett could only be rebuilt ten years after its destruction.

The Freistetter also suffered under the War of the Spanish Succession and had to flee. 6000 men were stationed under General Tallard near Freistett and Renchenloch, a desert area in what is now the Memprechtshofen area. From 1705 to 1717, Freistett was occupied by French troops under Marshal Villars . In 1707, on the orders of the French, 13 men from Freistett helped with excavation work near Söllingen , roughly opposite Fort-Louis . In 1725 Freistett took part in the Hanau peasant uprising and in the lawsuit against Count Johann Reinhard III with the Kaiser . from Hanau. In 1743 the Austrian War of Succession returned to Freistett. From 1740 to 1748 Hungarian and Bohemian regiments lay in the villages of the Hanauerland.

After the death of this last Hanau count in 1736, the inheritance - and with it the office of Lichtenau and Freistett - passed to the son of his only daughter, Charlotte von Hanau-Lichtenberg , Landgrave Ludwig (IX) of Hesse-Darmstadt . As early as 1730, the Strasbourg banker Georg Daniel Kückh acquired real estate in Freistett and founded the town of Neufreistett , which was separated from the district of Freistett and received market and town rights on May 14, 1745 .

Modern times

During the First Coalition War , from 1792 to 1797 dragoons and hussars of Austrian Field Marshal Wurmser , and later French troops of General Jean-Victor Moreau , who had recently emerged victorious from the battle of Diersheim , were quartered in Neufreistett .

With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , the office of Lichtenau and thus Freistett was assigned to the newly formed Electorate of Baden in 1803 . In 1806 Neufreistett was temporarily the seat of the district office and in 1836 the seat of the main customs office . The customs house at the intersection of Hauptstrasse and Maiwaldstrasse comes from Zeitz. In 1849 the main customs office was expanded to include the main tax office, but the main customs office was moved to Baden-Baden in 1872 . In 1804 the private Freistetter Harbor, which had existed since 1736, was nationalized. In 1811 the scattered settlement “Maiwald” near Memprechtshofen was divided into several small areas, one of which Freistett received. In the course of straightening the Rhine , the “Freistetter Straight” was created at Freistett, an approx. 9 km long straight section of the Rhine.

In 1849 a vigilante group of 150 men was founded in Freistett under Captain Jakob Meier. In 1874 a yaw ferry opened on the Rhine , which was replaced by a pontoon bridge in 1875 .

20th century

On April 1, 1929, the 8 hectare community of Neufreistett was incorporated into the community of Freistett.

In 1938 the synagogue in Freistett was destroyed by the National Socialists . In the final phase of World War II in 1944, Freistett was exposed to daily fire from French artillery and fighter-bomber attacks. Ten residents were killed, four houses destroyed and 15 other houses mostly badly damaged. On April 14, 1945 there was a battle over the anti-tank ditch, for which the anti-tank ditch monument was later erected. One day after this battle, the French marched into Freistett.

On September 21, 1957, Freistett received city ​​rights and in the following years Helmlingen and Memprechtshofen were incorporated into the municipality of Freistett. On January 1, 1975, the community was incorporated into the newly formed town of Rheinau.

Population development

Freett
year 1590 1790 1802 1857 1885 1925 1939 1946 1950 1961 1970 1975 2012
Residents 105 268 (excluding Jews) 1311 1587 2087 2366 3039 ( Siegfried Line ) 2749 2847 2840 3069 3172 3475
Neuffreistett
year 1750 1833 1857 1885 1900 1925
Residents 275 587 438 471 346 307

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Neufreistett

The coat of arms of Freistett shows a slanted, golden ship's hook on a red background. Freistett has had this coat of arms since 1900.

The coat of arms of Neufreistett shows an open city gate with open silver wings on a silver background, which is supposed to embody the "free city". On the walls of the gate there are two tin towers, between which the Hessian lion is located. The lion holds a shield on which a prince's hat and the name of the founder are depicted.

religion

St. George Church

The Heidenkirchl is the oldest church in Freistett and in the entire Hanauerland. It was built from the end of the 10th to the 11th century and was dedicated to the patron saint of fishermen and boatmen, St. Nicholas . In 1581 a larger church was built on the site of the former St. George's Chapel. The newly built church was destroyed in the Thirty Years War and rebuilt a few years later. The current church building was erected between 1741 and 1746.

In 1534 two chapels were mentioned for the first time in Freistett: the St. Nicholas Chapel (Heidenkirchel) and the Chapel of St. George. Count Philip IV of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1514–1590), after taking office in 1538, consistently carried out the Reformation in his county, which now became Lutheran . In 1579 Freistett was raised to an independent parish. As the population continued to grow, a new church was built in 1741. The construction of the new nave was connected to the old tower. Only in 1790 did the church get a new tower. In 1968 five new bells were cast. With a total of six bells, the Freistetter bell was the largest in the whole of Hanauerland. The organ from 1828 comes from the organ builder Franz Joseph Merklin. Above the main entrance there is a sandstone relief with the Hessian-Hanau coat of arms.

In 1831 a Jewish community was founded in Neufreistett, which in 1935 merged with the one from Rheinbischofsheim. The Jewish cemetery in Freistett still exists today.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

There is a large bus station in the center of Freistett. The place is connected by bus lines with Achern , Lichtenau (Baden) , Bühl (Baden) , Kehl and Hagenau . The station Freistett was on the railway line Kehl-Buhl , which shut down is.

State road 75 runs through Freistett. In addition, the L87 connects Freistett with the motorway junctions Achern ( federal motorway 5 ) and Offendorf ( autoroute A35 ). In France the L87 is then called D2.

A shipyard and a marina are located near the Staufstufe. The industrial area also has a large lake, the Peterhafen, which is connected to the Rhine by a canal.

education

In Freistett there is a secondary school as well as the Wilhelm-Rohr-Schule, which includes both a primary and a technical secondary school . In the Werkrealschule, however, only the 8th to 10th grades are taught. Classes for grades 5 to 7 take place in the Karl-Grampp building in Rheinbischofsheim.

Established businesses

Large companies in Freistett include Brunner GmbH, Kieswerk HPF Hermann Peter KG Freistett, Klotter Elektrotechnik GmbH, Stage Concept GmbH, Ytong Südwest GmbH ( Xella ) and Zimmer Group . Centrale Electrique Rhénane de Gambsheim (CERGA), as the operator of the Rheinau-Gambsheim barrage, is a joint subsidiary of the French Électricité de France (EDF) and the German Energie Baden-Württemberg AG (EnBW).

Personalities

literature

  • Nikolaus Honold a. Kurt Schütt: Chronicle of the city of Rheinau . 1988.
  • Friedrich Knöpp: Territorial holdings of the County of Hanau-Lichtenberg in Hesse-Darmstadt . [typewritten] Darmstadt 1962. [Available in the Hessisches Staatsarchiv Darmstadt , signature: N 282/6].
  • Alfred Matt: Bailliages, prévôté et fiefs ayant fait partie de la Seigneurie de Lichtenberg, du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg, du Landgraviat de Hesse-Darmstadt . In: Société d'Histoire et d'Archaeologie de Saverne et Environs (eds.): Cinquième centenaire de la création du Comté de Hanau-Lichtenberg 1480–1980 = Pays d'Alsace 111/112 (2, 3/1980), p 7-9.

Web links

Commons : Freistett  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Nikolaus Honold, Kurt Schütt: Chronicle of the city of Rheinau . 1988, pp. 336-338.
  2. ↑ Knöpp, p. 11; Matt, p. 9.
  3. ↑ Knöpp, p. 13.
  4. ↑ Eyer, pp. 79f.
  5. ↑ Honold et al. Schütt, p. 339.
  6. ↑ Honold et al. Schütt, p. 339.
  7. ↑ Honold et al. Schütt, p. 339.
  8. ↑ Honold et al. Schütt, p. 339.
  9. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 514 .
  10. ↑ Honold et al. Schütt, p. 339.
  11. ↑ Freistett . Heraldry of the World. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
  12. ↑ Honold et al. Schütt, p. 339.
  13. ↑ Public display board of the Heimatbund Freistett e. V.
  14. ^ Homepage of the city of Rheinau.
  15. ↑ Timetable of the cross-border bus route 307 Freistett-Hagenau. ( Memento of the original from May 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) accessed May 27, 2013 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mairie-gambsheim.fr