Rheinau-Gambsheim barrage
The barrage Gambsheim ( French barrage hydroélectrique de Gambsheim ) is a barrage of the upper Rhine , which serves the production of electrical energy and at the same time by previous Rhein straightening lowers increased flow velocity of the flow. It is located at the Rhine kilometer 309. The barrage on the border between the Baden community of Rheinau and the Alsatian community of Gambsheim was completed in 1974 in a Franco-German collaboration. The structure has a storage height of 10 meters and consists of a weir on the German side, two locks and a hydroelectric power plant on the French side and the crossing road connection between France (Dö 2) and Germany (L 87). In 2006, a fish ladder , also known as a fish pass, was put into operation on the eastern of the two islands between which the power plant is located . The German-French border also runs across this island. The Iffezheim barrage 25 km downstream is built in a mirror-image arrangement - the lock and power station are on the German side. The next road crossing up the Rhine are the Kehler Rhine bridges, down the Rhine it is the Iffezheim barrage. The construction of an additional cyclist bridge parallel to the street had been in progress since 2017. This longest aluminum bridge in Europe was completed in spring 2019 and the inauguration was on June 23, 2019.
Weir
The weir is at the eastern end of the barrage on the German side near Freistett . It consists of six large gates, each 20 meters wide, which can be opened using slides. If the Rhine floods, so that the power plant can no longer handle the entire flow, the gates are opened. The weir is automatically controlled from the Kembs, which is over 100 kilometers away . The gates can open very quickly in the event of a flood, so that the water level below the weir can rise quickly and the islands and banks are also flooded. There are signs all over the bank warning of this danger. The maximum capacity is up to 7200 cubic meters per second. The Rhine island with the fish ladder connects to the west side of the weir.
Run-of-river power plant
The Gambsheim Rhine power station is framed by the two islands of the barrage. The run-of-river power plant is equipped with four horizontal Kaplan bulb turbines with a total output of 96 MW (4 × 24 MW), which are located below the bridge structure with the road. The annual energy yield is around 650 million kWh . The grid is fed in at a voltage of 225,000 volts . The power plant went into operation in July 1974. The power station is operated by Centrale Electrique Rhénane de Gambsheim (CERGA), a joint subsidiary of the French Électricité de France (EDF) and the German Energie Baden-Württemberg AG ( EnBW ). The income from the two Rhine power plants in Gambsheim and Iffezheim is shared between the two parent companies. The power plant in Gambsheim feeds into the French power grid , the power plant in Iffezheim into the German power grid. EnBW is expanding the power plant with a fifth machine with an output of 28 megawatts.
lock
The double lock operated by the French Maritime Administration (Voies navigables de France) is located on the French bank . Each chamber is 270 meters long and 24 meters wide. The average height difference between the upper and lower water is 10.65 meters. The lock chamber can be filled or emptied in seven minutes; the average transit time per ship is 15 minutes. Each of the two downstream gates weighs 270 tons. The locks are the largest in inland waters in France and operate around the clock.
Fish ladder
The fish ladder enables various migratory fish species, such as salmon , sea trout and eel, to ascend and reach the upper reaches of the Rhine tributaries. It has three entrances in the underwater of the barrage with currents of different strength. All three entrances come together in a distribution basin. From there uphill the actual fish ladder to the upper water of the barrage begins. The total length of the system that the fish have to overcome is about 290 meters. The average increase is about one meter over a length of 15 meters.
After the fish ladder was successfully tested in the Iffezheim barrage , in April 2004 the construction of a fish ladder was started in the Gambsheim barrage on the border island between Germany and France . It was put into operation in 2006 and now gives migratory fish access to the tributaries further upstream that lead into the Vosges and the northern Black Forest, such as the Kinzig and its tributary, the Schutter .
The three entrances to the fish ladder are supplied with different flow velocities via a distribution basin via lure turbines, so that entrances with interesting currents are created for different fish species. The two installed lure current turbines have a total output of 1100 kW and also work as a small power plant. They are fed by the upper water of the barrage and increase the water flow in the three inlet openings to 11 to 15 cubic meters per second without disturbing the fish as they ascend. There are two Kaplan turbines with vertically arranged shafts. This small power plant produces around 3 million kilowatt hours annually.
Above the distribution basin, in the actual fish ladder, the fish have to overcome an approximately 200-meter-long cascade of 39 basins, each of which is connected by a vertical slot 45 cm wide. Jumping from pool to pool as with other types is no longer necessary. The flow here is around 1.2 cubic meters per second. The pools are each 4 meters long, 3.3 meters wide and about 1.65 meters high filled with water. Each basin is 25 centimeters higher than the previous one. The floor is covered with a layer of gravel, which allows living things to settle. At the end of the basin cascade, the fish have reached the upper water of the barrage.
An information center was opened in May 2007, which also enables the observation of migrating fish. For this purpose, three aquarium windows with a size of 3 meters by 1.8 meters were installed.
Revierzentrale
At the level of the locks is the Center d'Alerte Rhénan d'Informations Nautiques de Gambsheim (CARING for short; German for example: Gambsheimer Rhein-Alarmzentrale für Nautische Informations), a French emergency call and information center for navigation on the Rhine. The reporting office takes on the tasks of a district control center and is connected to the reporting and information system for inland navigation on the Rhine and Main.
Individual evidence
- ↑ https://www.stadtanzeiger-ortenau.de/rheinau/c-lokales/neue-rheinbruecke-wird-mit-fest-gefeiert_a24798
- ↑ The Rhine crossing at Gambsheim will be closed: The final schedule for bridge renovation is in place , Stadtanzeiger Ortenau, February 20, 2018.
- ↑ Cerga press release of March 23, 2006 (PDF; 1.1 MB)
- ↑ Thuringian VDE Informations TVI 2/04, p. 7. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Accessed February 21, 2010
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated May 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Along the Rhine. Accessed February 21, 2010 (the subpage can only be reached via the main page, the direct link does not work)
- ↑ enbw.com: Extension of a 5th machine in the Gambsheim Rhine power station (accessed December 4, 2013)
- ^ Unité Territoriale Rhin , Direction territoriale Strasbourg, accessed on August 2, 2018.
- ↑ Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration: Leaflet traffic safety systems on inland waterways , accessed on August 2, 2018.
Web links
- Information center on the fish ladder
- WFBW Wanderfische Baden-Württemberg gGmbH: Information on the Gambsheim fish pass, current fish counts
- more about the fish ladder (PDF; 156 kB)
- Reference page from the builder of the fish passage
- Cerga press release on the fish ladder, March 23, 2006 (PDF; 1.1 MB)
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The next bridge up the river: Rheinbrücke Kehl |
Bridges over the Rhine |
The next bridge downstream: Iffezheim barrage |
Coordinates: 48 ° 41 ′ 5 ″ N , 7 ° 54 ′ 54 ″ E