Diersburg Jewish Community

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A Jewish community in Diersburg , a district of the community of Hohberg in the Ortenaukreis in Baden-Württemberg , had existed since the 18th century.

history

Initially Levi Meyer lived in Diersburg from 1737 and in 1738 Samuel Ellenbogen is called. The Jewish community had a synagogue , a Jewish school , and a ritual bath ( mikveh ). The Diersburg Jewish cemetery was established in 1773.

The employed teacher, who was named a Jewish teacher as early as 1766, was also active as a prayer leader and shochet . In 1827 the Jewish community came to the district rabbinate Schmieheim , whose seat was moved to Offenburg in 1893.

The war memorial for the fallen of the First World War , which is located opposite the Catholic Church, also lists the Jewish dead, Emil Bruchsaler and Ferdinand Lehmann.

As early as the 19th century, Jewish traders played a major role in Diersburg's economic development. The following are known of former commercial and industrial establishments owned by Jewish families / persons until after 1933: Bruchsaler dealer (Strittmatt 6), Heinrich Bruchsaler shoe, leather and ironmongery shop (Talstrasse 2), cattle dealer Samuel Bruchsaler (Talstrasse 9), cattle dealer David Dreyfuss (Talstraße 27), Lina Kahn groceries, until 1921 kosher butcher Maier Kahn (Talstraße 33), fabrics and trousseau Ludwig Lederer (Waldrain 8), fabrics and trousseau Moritz Lederer (Waldrain 5), butchery Meier-Kahn (Talstrasse 33) , Grocer Siegfried Maier (Talstrasse 29), dealer David Moch (Talstrasse 28), groceries, fabrics and medicines Julius Valfer (Talstrasse 17), inn "Badischer Hof", owner Julius Valfer (Talstrasse 27). (from: alemannia judaica)

Community development

year Parishioners
1744 5 families
1759 11 families
1809 39 people
1825 190 people or 29.3% of the population
1832 306 people or 30% of the population
1842 225 people
1875 130 people or 12.6% of the population
1900 80 people or 7.8% of the population
1910 59 people
1925 43 people or 4.3% of the population
1933 26 people or 2.5% of the population

school

The school was operated as a Jewish denominational school from 1830 to 1876 and then as a religious school. Above the entrance of the former schoolhouse (Strittmatt 4) there is still a Hebrew inscription: Bring the end of our liberation and our redemption here . The Hebrew year represents 1826.

Ritual bath

The ritual bath at Talstrasse 30 was right by the stream and was canceled after 1985. The Hebrew inscription from this ritual bath ( Ezekiel 36:25 and Proverbs 31:30) has been preserved.

National Socialist Persecution

During the November pogrom in 1938 the synagogue was demolished and the male Jews were deported to the Dachau concentration camp . The last eleven Jewish residents living in Diersburg were deported to the Gurs camp on October 22, 1940 during the so-called Wagner-Bürckel campaign .

The memorial book of the Federal Archives lists 31 Jewish citizens born in Diersburg who fell victim to the genocide of the National Socialist regime .

synagogue

During the November pogrom in 1938, the interior of the synagogue was completely destroyed by SA and SS people from Offenburg and the cult objects were thrown in a heap and set on fire. The building was not set on fire as the fire could have spread to neighboring houses. The Jewish community was forced to sell the synagogue to a local carpenter. In 1956 he largely demolished the building.

See also

literature

  • Joachim Hahn and Jürgen Krüger: Synagogues in Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Joachim Hahn: Places and Facilities . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1843-5 ( Memorial book of the synagogues in Germany . Volume 4).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Commemorative Book - Victims of the Persecution of Jews under the National Socialist Tyranny in Germany 1933 - 1945 . Retrieved January 18, 2010.