Tahara house
A tahara house is the building in which the corpse washing ( tahara ) of deceased Jews takes place before burial. It is located in Jewish cemeteries .
history
The oldest known Tahara house in Germany is located in the Jewish cemetery in Worms , it was donated in 1625 and restored in 1956. From the middle of the 19th century, mourning halls with rooms for the tahara were built in Germany in Jewish cemeteries instead of tahara houses . The morgue in Alsfeld was created for Jews and Christians together, but with separate rooms.
The construction of a Tahara house can be explained by the fear that the corpse could become ritually unclean on a long walk to the burial site. Tahara houses can be found almost exclusively in the association cemeteries in southern Germany, where corpses often had to be brought to the burial site over a long distance.
description
The Tahara houses are mostly simple buildings and they have a similar layout and equipment. In the room for the washing of the corpses there is a Tahara table, which consists of a rectangular stone slab on a brick base or two supports. Later on, metal or ceramics were also used. The table is about two meters long and 70 cm wide. The table top usually has a recessed surface or a channel. It is clearly inclined at the foot end so that the water can flow off there after cleaning. In the floor of the room there is often a gutter in which the water is directed to an outlet pipe in the outer wall so that it can seep into the ground outside the building. The water for washing corpses is drawn from a well that is built in or near the building. The water is heated to the prescribed temperature on a stove. The tahara house is often used to store a wooden bier .
The Tahara house is often combined with living quarters for a cemetery attendant or other functional rooms.
Examples
- Affaltrach Jewish Cemetery (Tahara House built in 1926)
- Taharahaus (Allenstein) , built between 1911 and 1913
- Taharahaus (Allersheim) (district of Giebelstadt , built 1927/28)
- Altengronau Jewish Cemetery (Tahara House built in 1856)
- Angermünde Jewish cemetery
- Taharahaus (Aschbach) , built in 1887
- Jewish cemetery Augsburg-Kriegshaber (Tahara house built in 1724)
- Bad Ems Jewish Cemetery (Taharahaus built in 1881)
- Taharahaus (Bad Kissingen) , built in 1891
- Bad Neuenahr Jewish cemetery
- Taharahaus (Bamberg) , built in 1890 and renovated from 1993 to 1997
- Taharahaus (Bayreuth) , built around 1870
- Jewish cemetery Berlin-Weißensee
- Jewish cemetery Bödigheim (Tahara house built in 1888 and renovated in 1984)
- Bruchsal Jewish cemetery
- Burghaslach Jewish cemetery
- Burgkunstadt Jewish cemetery
- Buttenheim Jewish cemetery
- Taharahaus (Diespeck) , built in 1786 and renovated in 1862
- Jewish cemetery Dortmund-Wambel
- Erlangen Jewish cemetery
- Jewish cemetery in Ermetzhofen (built at the end of the 18th century)
- Fischach Jewish cemetery
- Freudental Jewish cemetery
- New Jewish cemetery in Fürth (mourning hall built in 1902)
- Gailingen Jewish cemetery
- Jewish cemetery Georgensgmünd : The renovated Tahara house dates from 1723 and is one of the oldest in Bavaria.
- Taharahaus (Gerolzhofen) , built in 1832
- Hainsfarth Jewish Cemetery (Tahara House built in 1851)
- Hechingen Jewish cemetery (built in 1907)
- Bergfriedhof (Heidelberg) (municipal cemetery with a Jewish part)
- Jewish cemetery Hürben (Tahara house built in 1898)
- Ichenhausen Jewish cemetery
- Ingolstadt Jewish cemetery
- Karlsruhe Jewish Cemetery (Tahara House built in 1895)
- Taharahaus (Kleinbardorf) (Taharahaus with a donor inscription from 1696/97 above the entrance and interior renovated in 1987)
- Taharahaus (Kleinsteinach) , built in the middle of the 18th century
- Jewish cemetery Laudenbach (Karlstadt)
- Laupheim Jewish Cemetery (Tahara House built in 1907)
- Tahara House (Lovosice) , built in the 1870s
- Jewish cemetery Lundenburg (Břeclav), Tahara house of Franz v. Neumann Jr. Erected in 1892
- Jewish cemetery (Mainz)
- Jewish cemetery Mannheim
- Jewish cemetery Mönchsdeggingen
- Jewish cemetery Mühlhausen (Middle Franconia) (1738)
- Muiderberg Jewish cemetery
- Taharahaus (Neckarsulm) (a well preserved inside)
- New Jewish cemetery in Nuremberg
- Jewish cemetery Öhringen (Tahara house built after 1910)
- Taharahaus (Oettingen) , built in 1850/51
- New Jewish cemetery in Rothenburg ob der Tauber
- Jewish Ceremonial Hall Prague
- Schnaittach Jewish Cemetery (Tahara House built in 1897)
- Tahara House (swan field) , built in the 2nd half of the 18th century
- Speyer Jewish cemetery
- Jewish cemetery Trabelsdorf (only foundations and stone table left)
- Jewish cemetery in Treuchtlingen (built in 1779)
- Jewish cemetery Ullstadt
- Walldorf Jewish Cemetery (Tahara House built around 1880)
- Taharahaus (Walsdorf) , built in 1742 (stone table available)
- Taharahaus (Weitersroda) (built around 1900)
- Jewish cemeteries in Wetzlar (Tahara House on the New Jewish Cemetery from 1881)
- Worms Jewish cemetery
- Wörlitz Jewish Cemetery (built around 1787)
- Tahara House (Zeckern) , built around 1710 (Tahara preserved)
Web links
literature
- Ulrich Knufinke: Buildings of Jewish cemeteries in Germany (= series of publications by the Bet-Tfila Research Center for Jewish Architecture in Europe 3). Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-86568-206-2 (also: Braunschweig, Technical University, dissertation, 2005).
- Ulrich Knufinke: Jewish cemetery buildings around 1800 in Germany: Architecture as a mirror of the conflicts over Haskala , "emancipation" and "assimilation". In: PaRDeS. Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies, Issue 11, 2005, ISSN 1614-6492 , pp. 68–101.
- Wolfgang Kraus, Berndt Hamm, Meier Schwarz (eds.): More than stones ... Synagogue memorial volume Bavaria. Volume 1: Upper Franconia, Upper Palatinate, Lower Bavaria, Upper Bavaria, Swabia. (= Memorial Book of the Synagogues in Germany 3, 1). Developed by Barbara Eberhardt and Angela Hager with the assistance of Cornelia Berger-Dittscheid, Hans Christof Haas and Frank Purrmann. Kunstverlag Josef Fink, Lindenberg im Allgäu 2007, ISBN 978-3-89870-411-3 .