Carolinum High School (Osnabrück)

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Carolinum High School
logo
The school logo based on the monogram of Charlemagne
type of school high school
founding 804
address

Great Cathedral Freedom 1
49074 Osnabrück

place Osnabrück
country Lower Saxony
Country Germany
Coordinates 52 ° 16 '41 "  N , 8 ° 2' 44"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 16 '41 "  N , 8 ° 2' 44"  E
carrier City of Osnabrück
student around 1100
Teachers 103 (status: 10/2007)
management Helmut Brandebusemeyer
Website www.carolinumosnabrueck.de

The Carolinum grammar school in Osnabrück is one of the oldest schools in Germany that still exists today . According to tradition, it was founded in 804 by Charlemagne . It originated as a cathedral school and is still located in the center of Osnabrück right next to the cathedral . The grammar school currently has a scientific-mathematical, a social, a new and an old language branch.

history

Founding of the cathedral school 804

Charlemagne, who founded the Carolinum in Osnabrück in 804

After the Saxon Wars successfully waged by Charlemagne in 772, he evangelized the conquered Saxons and founded several dioceses for this purpose , including the Mission Diocese of Osnabrück around 800 . Schools also had to be founded at the cathedral churches on his orders. According to a document from 804, Karl is said to have set up a Greek and a Latin school at the cathedral church in Osnabrück for the offspring of the young diocese . The authenticity of the document has been disputed since the 17th century. According to the results of modern diplomacy , this document is a forgery by the Osnabrück bishop Benno II (1068-1088). Presumably he put together real and invented document text parts to a new document. The Carolinum assumes that the document text that mentions the schools is genuine. The school would then rightly bear the name "Carolinum".

The cathedral school in the Middle Ages

The news about the cathedral school in the Middle Ages is sparse. The history of the cathedral school will have been closely linked to the history of the church in Osnabrück . With the appointment of the scholaster of the Hildesheim Cathedral School as Bishop of Osnabrück, the aforementioned Benno II, the Osnabrück Cathedral School will have flourished again. Only the mention of Magister Brunigus in 1142 is the first reliable document for the Osnabrück Cathedral School. Your most prominent teacher in the Middle Ages was Jordan von Osnabrück , canon of the Osnabrück cathedral chapter from 1251 to 1283 and was a scholaster there in 1254/1255.

The cathedral school in humanism

At the beginning of the modern era , medieval scholasticism was replaced by the humanistic ideal of education . Because of the preoccupation with the ancient philosophers and writers , Greek became the second language of scholars in humanism after Latin . The Mayor of Osnabrück, Ertwin Ertman, tried unsuccessfully at the beginning of the 16th century, referring to the (supposedly real) founding document of Charlemagne from 804, to get humanism into the cathedral school. Although the cathedral school in Osnabrück was the only educational institution for the simple clergy from the area, the Osnabrück cathedral school was completely overshadowed by the neighboring Münster cathedral school, today's Paulinum grammar school . Greek has not been taught in Osnabrück since the high Middle Ages. The mediation of humanistic education in Osnabrück only began after it was initiated by those former Münster students who were teaching at the Osnabrück Cathedral School in the 1520s, at a time when the Reformation was already taking hold in other German cities . Among the first Osnabrück humanists were those who later, like the cathedral chaplain Johannes Pollius, pioneered the Reformation in the diocese and city of Osnabrück.

The cathedral school during the Reformation

Bishop Franz Graf von Waldeck breaks the Catholic monopoly on education

In Osnabrück, Bishop Franz von Waldeck began a resolute Protestant denominational policy in 1541. According to the regulations of the Osnabrück church order of 1543, the largely Protestant city council set up a Protestant school in the barefoot monastery at St. Catherine's Church, which had previously been abandoned by the Franciscans, at Easter 1544. Their short success was initially guaranteed by maintaining the close ties between church and school.

The cathedral chapter was unable to take legal action against the establishment of the school. Since the introduction of the Reformation, his own educational institution has only led a shadowy existence. The Protestant city council forbade Osnabrück citizens to attend the Catholic cathedral school. From then on, the students only came from the Osnabrück area.

This first Osnabrück "Ratsschule" existed for four years. Encouraged by the great defeat of the Protestants in the Schmalkaldic War , the Osnabrück cathedral chapter went into opposition to the Protestant bishop. After the Augsburg Interim (May 1548), Bishop Franz von Waldeck formally revoked the introduction of the Reformation on May 12, 1548.

Simultaneous school

The aforementioned Augsburg Interim, on the basis of which the cathedral chapter obtained the withdrawal of the Reformation, was already suspended in the Passau Treaty in 1552 and finally by the Peace of Augsburg in 1555 in favor of the Protestants. In order to effectively counter renewed efforts of the Reformation, the cathedral chapter concluded a contract with the city council, according to which the cathedral school was to be run as a bi-denominational, so-called simultaneous school : Protestant teachers were allowed; the council lifted the ban on visiting the cathedral school for Protestant students.

The cathedral chapter appointed the former head of the Protestant council school in the Barefoot Monastery, Christian Schleibing, as rector of the cathedral school. This was released from the obligation to participate in the Catholic church services. He was free to choose the textbooks, but had to forego dealing with controversial theological questions such as the sacrament of the altar, the dissolvability of marriage, the doctrine of justification and questions of celibacy in class. Accordingly, the use of the writings of Luther and other reformers in the classroom was forbidden.

After 1562 only old church rectors were appointed, the vice rector and parts of the teaching staff were Protestant. The simultaneous school noticeably acquired a certain tendency of the old church, the internal reform of which of course took on a new shape with the conclusion of the Council of Trent in 1563.

In the 16th century, the rectorate was filled on average every four and a half years. Everyday school life suffered considerably from the frequent changes in school management. It was not until the rector Hermann von Kerssenbrock, the historian of the Anabaptist Empire (1534–1535), appointed in 1582 , that the school regained greater prestige. Despite his clear Catholic orientation, he stuck to the agreements between the city council and the cathedral chapter.

End of the church monopoly on education in Osnabrück in 1595

Despite the promising development of the simultaneous school, the Protestant city council had been pursuing plans for a separate secondary school again since Kerssenbrock's tenure (1583). The appointment of the decidedly Catholic Rector Matthäus Timpe from 1595 to 1608 made the Protestant city council not hesitate to formally open the previous parish school at St. Marien on October 16, 1595 as a "Gymnasium Senatorium" or " Ratsgymnasium ". This broke the educational monopoly of the cathedral chapter in Osnabrück.

The cathedral chapter sued the episcopal court. It referred to the establishment of a "schola Osnabrugensis" by Charlemagne in 804 and derived from it that it was the only one authorized to maintain a higher school in Osnabrück. After an appeal to the Reich Chamber of Commerce, the "Osnabrück School Trial" fizzled out during the turmoil of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648).

The appeal to the school's founder brought the cathedral school the name “Schola Carolina”, “Gymnasium Carolinum” and “Carolingian Gymnasium”, which established itself over the next few years.

From humanistic grammar school to Jesuit university

Cardinal Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern, who transferred the Carolinum grammar school to the Jesuits

The first graduates of the German priestly training center in Rome, the Collegium Germanicum , led by Jesuits , had gradually brought about a reflection on old church traditions in Osnabrück and encouraged the cathedral chapter in Osnabrück to stand up more decisively for their faith and denomination.

High school church

In 1623, for the first time in decades, Cardinal Eitel Friedrich von Hohenzollern was elected a Catholic as Bishop of Osnabrück. At the cathedral chapter Eitel Friedrich suggested that the Carolinum be handed over to the Jesuits . On December 23, 1624, the cathedral chapter approved the episcopal proposal. On April 9, 1625 the first Jesuits came to Osnabrück. The Paulskirche at Osnabrück Cathedral (known today as the " Gymnasialkirche ") and two adjacent houses were given to them. On April 21, 1625, the Jesuits began teaching with the first 40 students.

Cardinal Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg, who founded the Jesuit University Osnabrück in 1629 and 1632

For the Carolinum, the election of Wittelsbacher's Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg on October 27, 1625 was very fortunate. His name is still associated with the "Counter-Reformation" in Osnabrück, which was carried out with great severity. In 1626 he pursued the expansion of the Jesuit branch in Osnabrück. In 1628 he gave them the abandoned Augustinian monastery on Neumarkt , creating the financial prerequisites for the establishment of a college. At the same time, Wartenberg had the Ratsgymnasium closed.

It was thanks to Wartenberg's excellent contacts and his great esteem in the Roman Curia that the Pope quickly elevated the Jesuit high school to a university (August 22, 1629). The imperial confirmation followed shortly after (February 20, 1630). Teaching officially began in November 1629; the opening of the "Academia Carolina Osnabrugensis" took place on October 25, 1632. Already a year later in September 1633 the Jesuit University was closed because Swedish troops occupied Osnabrück in the course of the Thirty Years' War . The most valuable pieces of church silver were buried; Wartenberg, his auxiliary bishop and the Jesuits fled Osnabrück. The cathedral chapter employed a schoolmaster who gave Catholic lessons during the Swedish occupation. Under the protection of the Swedes, who stayed in Osnabrück until 1650, the Ratsgymnasium was reopened as early as 1634 and has been a Protestant school since then.

The Carolinum in the 17th and 18th centuries

In 1650 the first three Jesuits were active in the Diocese of Osnabrück; in September 1652 they founded their own Jesuit branch in the city of Osnabrück. Four years later (1656) the Carolinum was again handed over to the Jesuits by the cathedral chapter for management. In 1673 the first purpose-built school building of the Carolinum was completed.

Following the resolution of the Westphalian Peace Treaty, after the death of Bishop Wartenberg in the 17th and 18th centuries, a Catholic and a Protestant bishop took turns. Amazingly, the Carolinum, which was run by Jesuits until 1773/74, remained mostly unaffected by hostility during the rule of a Protestant bishop. Only when a Catholic was bishop of Osnabrück did the Protestant city council often wrongly fear that the Jesuits would be defrauded and turned to the Dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, whose house provided the Protestant bishop of Osnabrück, with protests and petitions. Until the abolition of the Jesuit order by Pope Clement XIV, the Jesuits worked as teachers at the Carolinum grammar school. In 1778 the cathedral chapter decided to entrust the lessons at the Carolinum to the Franciscan order, which had a reputation for teaching more natural sciences.

Catholic grammar school under state supervision in the 19th century

Ludwig Windthorst (1812–1891), 1830 one of the first four high school graduates at the Carolinum

In 1781 the Franciscans came to Osnabrück. In 1801 the “Royal Organizing Commission” was entrusted by the Hanoverian government with the supervision of schools. After the Congress of Vienna (1815) an episcopal school commission was founded (1818), which is why the ideological proximity to the Catholic Church and also in the later newly established Diocese of Osnabrück remained.

In 1830 the high school diploma ( Abitur ) was introduced. One of the first four high school graduates was Ludwig Windthorst , the founder and long-time chairman of the Catholic Center Party .

The school commission, whose chairmen were initially the auxiliary bishops in Osnabrück and since the re-establishment of the Diocese of Osnabrück from 1858 to 1885, the bishops of Osnabrück itself, appointed only Catholic priests as headmasters until 1884, of whom Bernhard Höting (1859–1867 headmaster) from 1882 to 1898 himself was bishop of Osnabrück. The Carolinum was and remained a high school for the Catholic bourgeoisie of the city of Osnabrück as well as the Catholic rural population from the immediate vicinity and the Protestant north.

The school commission in Osnabrück existed until 1885; it was repealed by an order of the Royal Ministry of Education and the Provincial School College in Hanover. This drastic decree did not change the Catholic character of the Carolinum.

The Carolinum in the Wilhelminian Empire

The Carolinum grammar school, which was dominated by Catholicism, developed into a school with a comparably high level of education during the German Empire, despite the culture war . On various occasions teachers have enriched the printed annual “ school programs ”, which contain the usual school news about the composition of the school classes and the teaching content, with their scientific contributions. Not only did the classical scholars have their say with interpretations of Greek or Roman authors, but natural scientists published just as eagerly.

The Charlemagne Memorial came to life as part of the 1100 year celebration in 1904. On a school flag that was given to the Carolinum by students, Karl was depicted next to Kaiser Wilhelm II on the front.

Weimar years

During the First World War (1914-1918), the upper school grades were sent to the Abitur early enough to volunteer for military service. The Carolinum was not spared the euphoria with which all of Germany went to war. The shock of the lost war finally led to reflection at the Carolinum four years later.

The school pledged to educate students about democracy . In retrospect, this appeared to be a half-hearted undertaking in view of the strong national tones, because many teachers at the Carolinum, who had experienced their socialization during the imperial era, could only do little with parliamentary democracy. The Constitution Day (August 11, 1919) was still thought of in 1932 as the day that brought freedom and justice to the Germans.

Even if the Carolinum had long been a state school, during the Weimar Republic it continued to seek ideological proximity to the neighboring bishop. After all, the Carolinum was still the Catholic school and the Ratsgymnasium the Protestant school on site. The coexistence of denominations crystallized in the school conditions in Osnabrück. Weekly school services, Catholic religious instruction, retreats for the Abitur classes, etc. a. were part of everyday school life without causing a big stir.

In the time of National Socialism

The Catholic character was hardly enough to make the Carolinum a refuge for Catholic resistance against the Nazi regime that emerged throughout Germany in 1933 . The usual school assemblies and flag roll calls were held at the Carolinum as at any other school. A photo of Adolf Hitler was hung next to the cross in the classrooms . The Hitler Youth (HJ) was not represented quite as strongly as at other schools, and from the perspective of the National Socialists there were "politically unreliable" teachers who were known to be in opposition to National Socialism.

The Carolinum largely shared the same fate as other schools. Deconfessionalization was followed by de-Christianization, which was expressed in the removal of religious decorations or the attempted abolition of religious education. The entire subject matter was subordinated to the National Socialist educational goals. All those involved essentially conformed to the system: Headmasters and teachers wanted to keep their position, and students wanted to achieve the class goal and eventually graduate from high school.

Nevertheless, under the National Socialists, the “Catholic” Carolinum was no longer granted its title of “educational institution of special importance” from 1927 to 1932. Other schools in Osnabrück were instead transferred to this status, which at least involved special financial donations that the National Socialists no longer granted the “Catholic” Carolinum.

School lessons during World War II meant new sacrifices for the school. Teachers were the army moved in, high school graduates could with a Notabitur already dropped out of school and were then sent to the front by class.

When the theaters of war reached far into the interior of Germany, the front lines led through Germany and the German cities were the target of bombing raids in the aerial warfare, there was a regulation of the deportation of Kinderland in Germany with a decree of November 1, 1940 for the regions declared an air emergency area . Osnabrück was considered endangered since 1943/44. In order to keep the Osnabrück students as close as possible to their hometown, the mayor decreed in December 1943 that Melle, Wittlage and Bersenbrück be used as the children's places of residence. The NSDAP - Gauleiter saw through the intention of the mayor, the students not too far removed from the parental home to. He therefore tightened the regulations for the Osnabrück schools and pushed for the children from the Carolinum to be sent to Holland. This was the only way for the Gauleiter to guarantee that the education of school-age children would be entirely based on the educational methods of the Nazi camps. These consisted, among other things, of refusing religious instruction and attending church services, as well as indoctrinating the children politically. Not without accepting considerable tensions, the parents' assembly rejected the Gauleiter's order to send the Kinderland away. The lack of Christian education in the camps was also given as a reason. Out of 382 parents, only twelve opted for the Kinderlandverschickung. The state authorities gave in and the children were sent to school in Melle , Bersenbrück and Oesede Monastery - as originally planned .

The Carolinum after the Second World War

Main entrance between the grammar school church (right) and part of the north wing (left)

On September 13, 1944 and March 25, 1945, different parts of the Carolinum's building were hit by bombs. In view of the lack of manpower, even the students in the upper grades were asked to remove the rubble by the hour. Seven classrooms could be completed by autumn 1946. In the same winter, the roof was temporarily covered. By November 1947, 26,800 quintals of rubble had been removed and around 110,000 stones processed for reuse. The grammar school church could not be inaugurated until November 9, 1950.

The moral reconstruction succeeded with recourse to the tradition that remembering was frowned upon in the “Third Reich”. The reputation of Charlemagne was reduced to the "Saxon butcher" by the National Socialists and played off against the Germanic Widukind . The “Third Reich” did not want to overemphasize the religious roots of the Carolinum. With the rediscovery and utilization of both traditional elements, the school was able to advertise successfully. They quickly helped the Carolinum to regain its reputation in the post-war period . On March 12, 1947, the Carolinum was given back its title of special educational institution, which was confirmed by a decree of the Lower Saxony minister of education with effect from April 1, 1950.

The emphasis on tradition and values ​​as well as the reconstruction created a unique “we-feeling” among the students and opportunities to identify with the school, which also benefited the Carolingerbund. At the same time, the “Carolingergeist”, which had already been highlighted in 1949, was conjured up, which comes from the “unity of church and school” and “is a program that documents the inner spirit of this school”. Carried by this “spirit”, the school management concentrated on preparing for the 1150th anniversary of the Carolinum, which was celebrated in 1954. Successful ties in with the Charlemagne tradition and combined - based on the concept of "Christian humanitas" developed in 1949 - the teaching of Christian values ​​with the humanistic ideal of education. The reference to the traditions of the Carolinum was also connected with the educational policy demand to rethink the educational value of the ancient languages ​​Latin and Greek, especially since both languages ​​were mentioned in the so-called founding charter of 804.

In the decades that followed, the Carolinum developed into a constantly modernized grammar school with branches in the natural sciences and mathematics, modern and ancient languages.

Since the 1960s

School yard with the statue of Charlemagne

The teachers' contributions in the annual reports testify to the examination of tradition and zeitgeist. At the Carolinum, the (school) political changes of this time were by no means uncritical, such as the introduction of coeducation in 1971, the outsourcing of grades 5 and 6 through the creation of the orientation level in 1974 or the introduction of the reformed upper level (upper secondary level) in Year 1976.

Simultaneously with the reforms, there was the question of a cooperation with the neighboring schools Ursulaschule and Domschulzentrum or the assumption of the Carolinum in an episcopal sponsorship, which was rejected by the school management, college and parents in autumn 1973 and included in the cooperation agreement between the city and diocese of Osnabrück 1975 (renewed in 1983). This emphasized the traditional proximity of the Carolinum to the church and diocese.

This Christian character of the Carolinum, which is still emphasized to this day, means that unlike state high schools in Lower Saxony, no ideology-neutral religious instruction is offered and parents are therefore forced to send their children to denominational classes of the two large Christian denominations. You do not have an alternative school subject such as values ​​and norms to choose from, although the Carolinum is a state grammar school. This practice corresponds to the two church schools in Osnabrück, such as the Angelaschule and the Ursulaschule .

The age of the Carolinum is comparable to that of the Paulinum in Münster . Since 2001, the title of “Germany's oldest school” has been awarded as part of a soccer game between these two schools.

Special features from school life

  • In the 1950s and 1960s, a number of Carolium graduates were among the top performers in the respective basketball first division team of VfL Osnabrück (Oberliga Nord and, from 1966, Bundesliga). The multiple national players Harald Rupp and Michael Haferkamp were u. a. 1969 with the VfL German champions of the German Basketball Federation.
  • The rowing team is one of the most important working groups at the Carolinum. She has been participating in this sponsorship program with great success since Jugend trained for the Olympics was founded . In the past 40 years, several world rowing champions have come from the Carolinum.
  • In 2015, five 11th grade students took part in the CanSat competition of the European Space Agency (ESA) under the project management of a teacher and took second place. For this purpose, they planned, constructed and programmed a satellite the size of a beverage can.

Affiliated associations and associations

Carolingerbund

In 1920 the former "Carolingians" formed their own association, the Carolingerbund. This union corresponded, as the part of the name "-bund" suggests, to the zeitgeist, because after the First World War the Bündische Jugend had emerged all over Germany , including Quickborn, who abjured alcohol, or the Bund New Germany led by Jesuits .

The founding of the Carolingerbund was the response of some leading Carolingians, such as founding member Ludwig Schirmeyer , to the challenges of the time. Despite all the disaffection and dissatisfaction with the overall political situation in view of the lost World War I, the high demands for reparations from the Allies or even the unloved Weimar Constitution of 1919, the restorative -minded Carolingerbund offered teachers and former students of the Carolinum a sense of belonging and spiritual home.

The Carolingerbund adapted elements of the student associations of the previous 19th century for its social events. Again and again, he was in the service of maintaining the tradition of the Carolinum and is still the link between the former students and teachers and their school. The Carolingerbund currently has around 2000 members; The members' magazine Schola Carolina appears every six months and also contains the annual reports of the Carolinum.

Carolini Curatorium

In view of empty household budgets and social upheavals in the Federal Republic of Germany towards the end of the 20th century, 17 women and men from different social and cultural areas came together in 1998 at the suggestion of the then headmaster Hermann Sommer in order to work out a concept as to how the Carolinum makes sense and could be supported in a timely manner. The group did not want to influence the content of the lesson. It was all about financial support. The first media-effective campaign was - in cooperation with the Carolingerbund - a collection of money to buy new chairs for school classes under the motto "Carolingians have backbone". The most important result of the board of trustees was the establishment of the "Carolinum Foundation".

Carolinum Foundation

In 2000, the Carolinum Foundation was founded by former high school graduates who had benefited during their own school days from the fact that a traditional school can convey a foundation of solid values in changeable times . The Carolinum Foundation wants future generations of schoolchildren to have the same chance

  • Support students of the Carolinum in order to motivate them to achieve special school and extracurricular achievements;
  • support the traditional school with its 1200-year history in its educational work.

The Board of Trustees includes the Carolingerbund, represented by its chairman, the founders (with a total of three members) and the Carolini Curatorium with one member.

Well-known Carolinger

The Carolinum grammar school produced a large number of important personalities. Some of those who became known beyond the Osnabrück region are listed here in the order in which they left school (from 1830 the year of graduation - unless expressly stated otherwise - is the year in which they passed the school leaving examination).

Quotes about the Carolinum

  • 1934 Behind the cathedral, one of the many buildings connected to it bears the inscription “Staatliches Gymnasium Carolinum - Founded by Emperor Karl the Great” on the gate lattice . Such a word falls like a giant shadow over the reader and with one blow it still moves him living tradition of the millennial kingdom. I would have liked to go to school here. ( Werner Bergengruen , German trip, 1934)
  • 1956 The Lord Mayor mentioned the elementary element in the history of this city, that it [...] from the great tradition of its early past, which also has an impact on educational policy - the name of the Carolinum is not just a matter of local pride - is firmly established fits into German educational history. (Federal President Theodor Heuss on June 26, 1956 on the occasion of the award of the Möser Medal by the City of Osnabrück)
  • 1989 In our opinion, the Carolinum is a school that educates more than any other about conformism, about adapting to norms. An important reason for this is that we take on traditions instead of critically examining the past and present. The educational principle is mostly to get the students to accept traditional forms of thought and behavior, and not to fundamentally question these traditions and messed up structures into which today's lazy and unimaginative society takes refuge. Discussion and personal development should not take place. Matthias Pees Pamphlet: Some thoughts on Karlstag , written for the 1175th anniversary of Charlemagne's death.
  • 2004 It is something absolutely extraordinary to be able to congratulate a school on its 1200th anniversary. […] One thing is certain: a school with such a long history can proudly claim to present something, to have an unmistakable profile and, over the course of history, has repeatedly found a convincing answer to the question posed by the many generations of parents to have why it is worth sending your child to this school. (Lower Saxony Prime Minister Christian Wulff on January 28, 2004 in his speech on the 1200th anniversary of the Carolinum)
  • 2012 I packed all my anger about this school, its intertwined Catholicism and conservatism, its arrogance, its dealings with outsiders and critics in this speech. ( Stefan Niggemeier on writing his Abitur speech)

See also

Sources and literature

  • Gymnasium Carolinum Osnabrück (Ed.): Invitation to the public examinations of the students of the Carolinum on ... as well as the solemn dismissal of the high school graduates and the distribution of bonuses . Osnabrück 1861–1884 ( digitized version )
  • High school Carolinum Osnabrück (ed.): Invitation to the celebration of the birthday of Sr. Majesty of the Emperor and King at the Royal High School Carolinum, combined with the dismissal of the high school graduates and the distribution of bonuses . Osnabrück 1885–1887 ( digitized version )
  • High school Carolinum Osnabrück (Ed.): Program of the Royal High School Carolinum in Osnabrück . Osnabrück 1888–1905 ( digitized version )
  • Julius Jaeger: Directory of the students of the Carolinum grammar school in Osnabrück 1625-1804 . Liesecke, Osnabrück 1903, 58 p. ( Digitized version )
  • Julius Jaeger: The Schola Carolina Osnabrugensis. Festschrift for the eleven centenary of the Carolinum Royal High School in Osnabrück . Pillmeyer, Osnabrück 1904.
  • Alfred Ruhe: Report on the 23-25. August 1904 organized the eleven-centenary celebration of the royal high school Carolinum in Osnabrück . Nolte, Osnabrück 1905, 34 p. ( Digitized version )
  • High school Carolinum Osnabrück (ed.): Annual report . Osnabrück 1906-1915; 1922–1924 ( digitized version )
  • Josef Vormoor: Directory of high school graduates of the Carolinum grammar school 1830-1954 . Nolte, Osnabrück 1954.
  • Klemens-August Recker: "... serve my people and my Lord God ...". The Carolinum grammar school between partial continuity and resistance in the Nazi era. A contribution to the educational history of the city and the diocese of Osnabrück between 1848 and 1945 . Association for history and regional studies of Osnabrück, Osnabrück 1989, ISBN 3-9800335-5-4 , ( Osnabrück historical sources and research 29), (also: Osnabrück, Univ., Diss., 1989).
  • Johannes Hesse: Carolinger 1938 to 1947. Memories of a former student . Wenner, Osnabrück 1997, ISBN 3-87898-354-9 .
  • Michael F. Feldkamp : Charlemagne and the Carolinum grammar school in Osnabrück. Establishment, maintenance and change of a 1200 year old culture of remembrance . In: Geschichte im Bistum Aachen 5, 1999/2000, ISSN  1616-4091 , pp. 71-116.
  • Rolf Unnerstall, Holger Mannigel (eds.): High school Carolinum. 804-2004 . Fromm, Osnabrück 2004, ISBN 3-00-013808-0 .
  • Michael F. Feldkamp , Osnabrück - Jesuits (1624 to 1773/74) , in: Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810, ed. by Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (= publications of the Institute for Historical Research at the University of Göttingen, Volume 56), Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-89534-959-1 , pp. 1222-1227.
  • Michael F. Feldkamp , Osnabrück - Franciscan Conventuals (1781 to 1816) , in: Lower Saxony Monastery Book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, comedians and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810, ed. by Josef Dolle with the collaboration of Dennis Kniehauer (= publications of the Institute for Historical Research at the University of Göttingen, Volume 56), Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-89534-959-1 , p. 1230 f.

Web links

Commons : Gymnasium Carolinum  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Schola Carolina No. 154 with annual report 2006/2007 (October 2007)
  2. ^ High school Carolinum Osnabrück. November 11, 2014, accessed on November 19, 2014 : "... and is one of the oldest schools in Germany."
  3. ↑ Records: The oldest school (focus.de, Focus Schule Nr.2 (2009), accessed on February 24, 2016)
  4. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from March 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  5. ↑ PDF at www.carolinumosnabrueck.de ( Memento from September 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from May 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.nibis.de
  7. ↑ [1]
  8. ↑ http://m.wn.de/Muenster/2014/05/1568307-Fussballspiel-entscheidet-ueber-Ehrentitel-Paulinum-oder-Carolinum-Welche-Schule-ist-die-aelteste
  9. ↑ Homepage of the rowing team
  10. ↑ David Hausfeld: Satellite of the Osnabrück Carolinum takes second place . In: Osnabrücker Zeitung , November 11, 2015, accessed on February 16, 2017.
  11. ^ Homepage of the Carolingerbund
  12. ↑ http://www.stefan-niggemeier.de/blog/wie-ich-karl-den-grossen-1175-jahre-nach-seinem-tod-nochmal-ganz-klein-herausbrachte/
  13. ↑ http://jetzt.sueddeutsche.de/texte/verbindungen/548714