Graduation from high school

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As Notabitur , Notreifeprüfung or war High School A was School after passing a facilitated Reifeprüfung referred to with respect to the normal conventional conditions or conditions. The secondary school diploma was given during the First and Second World Wars in the German Reich. In Austria, this type of matriculation examination was called war matura in wartime . At some Prussian grammar schools, exams were brought forward as early as 1866 and 1870 so that students could register as volunteers after completing a secondary school diploma.

First World War

In the First World War there was the Notabitur in the Imperial German Empire from August 1914. Given the enthusiasm for war, captured many young people and for the term August experience was coined could Oberprimaner prematurely put a high school (13th grade) and then voluntarily to the army to enter . In a very short time, entire upper primaries were smuggled through the process without any real examination and were now ready for military service. One of them was the poet Carl Zuckmayer , who later described the situation as follows:

“It was a lot of fun for us. The uniform gave even the worst pupil a touch of manliness against which the teacher was powerless. ... We were only asked the easiest questions, where no one could fail. The Abitur, the terrible dream of many youth, turned into a family celebration. "

The longer the war lasted, the greater the number of young men who dropped out of school in favor of military service. Two years after the start of the war, therefore, a special maturity examination regulation was issued for combatants who had achieved at least the proper transfer to the lower secondary (10th grade) before joining the army. Their requirements were significantly lower than the regular examination regulations.

After the military defeat of Germany and the November Revolution of 1918, the new republican government came even further to accommodate the war participants. A decree of February 1919 recognized those who had been transferred to lower prima (12th grade) by Easter 1917 and who had entered the army from school, even without an examination, if they were in military service until the end of the war or were damaged by the war were. Before the war, a high school diploma would have been completely unthinkable without an examination and two years' visit to the Prima.

Second World War

A week after the attack on Poland , a secondary school diploma was reintroduced in the German Reich on September 8, 1939. According to this, if they were called up to serve in the army without an examination, they were given a leaving certificate with a maturity note if leadership and previous class performance justified it. In 1941, former high school students who had done military service during the war and at least made it to the penultimate grade were given the opportunity to prepare for their school-leaving examination in six-month special courses. Special examination regulations were created for them, which, as usual, provided for four subjects for the written examination.

From 1942, however, the written school leaving examination was completely suspended. The last class tests in the four Abitur subjects were now used as a substitute. On the other hand, the physical exercise test and the oral test should take place as usual. The Abitur took place in this simplified form until, in autumn 1944, teaching in the final classes of the higher schools came to a complete standstill.

After 1945, the consequences of this development were felt by many combatants who had received their certificate of maturity without a written examination. Now they were denied recognition, so that they had to visit a higher school again or take part in a special course. The physicist Walter Mayer , Bernhard Victor von Bülow, who later became famous under the artist name Loriot , and the writer Siegfried Lenz were among those who have now graduated from high school for the second time .

literature

  • Rainer Bölling : A little history of the Abitur. Schöningh, Paderborn 2010, pp. 71-76 and 88 f.

Web links

Wiktionary: Notabitur  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franz Becker: Images of War and Nation. The wars of unification in the bourgeois public 1864–1913 . Oldenbourg, Munich 2001, p. 170.
  2. Carl Zuckmayer: As if it were a piece from me , Frankfurt a. M. 1966, p. 204.
  3. ^ [1] Zentralblatt for the entire teaching administration in Prussia 1916, p. 452 ff.
  4. ^ [2] Zentralblatt 1919, p. 350.
  5. ^ [3] German Science, Education and National Education 1939, p. 484.
  6. [4] Ibid. 1941, pp. 79-81.
  7. [5] Ibid, p. 421.
  8. Birgit Lahann: Abitur , Hamburg 1982, pp. 193–195.