Oesede Monastery

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The former St. Johann monastery church

Oesede Monastery is a former Benedictine monastery in Georgsmarienhütte in the Osnabrück district ( Lower Saxony ). The monastery gave a district of Georgsmarienhütte its name; the former peasantry monastery Oesede was called "Sutorpe" before the monastery was founded. The under monument protection standing former abbey church, now Catholic parish church of St. John, is the most important monument in the town of Georgsmarienhütte. A structural feature of the monastery church is the medieval hagioscope , a so-called leprosy column. The monastery was the first women's monastery in the Osnabrück district. It existed for 633 years until 1803.

Benedictine convent

The monastery was founded in the second half of the 12th century by Count Ludolf von Oesede (around 1100–1184) and his wife Thedela von Schwalenberg (around 1105–1170). The count made his ancestral castle available for this. The monastery was dedicated to the Virgin Mary , the Holy Cross and John the Baptist . The count's daughters, who could not be married, were to find a safe home in the monastery. Goda, the eldest daughter, had already been a religious in the Benedictine monastery of Willebadessen in the diocese of Paderborn . She returned to her homeland and became the first prioress , her sister Regenwita sexton .

On January 15, 1170 the first nuns started work. Lay sisters lived alongside nuns in the Oesede monastery. They came from farming, artisan and bourgeois families in the region. Their job consisted of working in the house, in the kitchen and in the field as well as in the bakery. They also brewed beer, a nutritious strong beer . Since 1481 the monastery belonged to the Bursfeld congregation .

The nuns of the Oesede Monastery were dependent on their own property or on the support of their family, because the Order provided them with accommodation and food, but no clothing. They made money doing handicrafts, the proceeds of which remained their property. Quite a few had a considerable fortune, so that in 1569 they were able to jointly buy the Brinke house near Georgsmarienhütte in order to further increase the now stately monastery property . From the 16th to the 18th century the monastery operated coal mining in the Borgloh area .

The Benedictine nuns in Oesede also devoted themselves to welfare . They provided food to needy residents of the parish . The poor reached the entrance to the monastery kitchen via the so-called hunger staircase.

Handicraft and tension services were imposed on the peasants of the parish . These were fixed labor services, vehicle use and work with horses. It had to be provided without consideration if it was required.

The Oesede monastery was closed in 1803 after the monasteries in the areas that had fallen to France had been secularized in accordance with the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss . A state commission declared the monastery closed on February 14, 1803. The last abbess was Henriette Mechtild von Schmittmann. The nuns had to vacate the monastery by April 1, 1803; they were promised an annual pension payment. On April 12, 1803 the monastery inventory was sold, the church silver and liturgical implements remained in the monastery church. It became the parish church of the peasantry. Father Garrelmann continued to serve as chaplain. The monastery building and the lands and properties belonging to the order were transferred to the monastery chamber , i.e. in state ownership. In the 19th century, the farmers in Oesede Monastery bought the church and monastery from the monastery chamber.

Monastery church

Interior view of the former monastery church

In the former monastery church, built in the 12th century, you can find the grave slab of the founder, Count Ludolf († 1184) and his wife Thedela , on a wall in the right transept . The donor couple together hold a model of the monastery in their hands. The count holds in his left hand a shield with the coat of arms of the Counts of Oesed, which shows a striding lion.

The image of grace “Maria im Kindbett”, which was created in the first half of the 15th century, goes back to the first Oeseder provost Theoderich (* 1170). The miraculous image is said to have been assigned to the monastery in 1225 by St. Elisabeth of Thuringia and her husband, the Landgrave of Hesse . Theodoric was followed by Provost Bernhard, who donated the Marien Altar. This was consecrated on May 24, 1203 by Bishop Gerhard . A wall painting has been preserved on one of the crossing piers. The red-ground fresco from the middle of the 15th century shows St. Benedict with the open book of the Rule of the Order.

A hagioscope was uncovered in the north of the eastern nave around 1980 . Lepers and other people excluded from attending Mass could see the altar through the wall opening . The Catholic castle church in neighboring Bad Iburg also has a hagioscope, albeit a walled one. Of the original two steeples of the monastery church, one still exists. He wears a baroque dome.

In 1904 the church became a parish church . Meanwhile, the parish is part of the parish community Georgsmarienhütte East in the Diocese of Osnabrück .

organ

After the organ from 1901 was removed during the renovation of the church in 1985, the church remained without an appropriate instrument until 2017. The new organ was built by the Freiburg organ builders Hartwig and Tilmann Späth using 200 stored pipes from the old instrument, the oldest date from around 1670. The stops of the second manual are made playable via an alternating loop from the first manual.

I. Manual C-g 3
1. Bourdon 16 ′ H
2. Principal 8th'
3. Salicional 8th' H
4th Dumped 8th' H
5. octave 4 ′
6th Reed flute 4 ′
7th Nasat 2 23 H
8th. octave 2 ′
9. flute 2 ′ H
10. third 1 35
11. Mixture III-IV 1 13
12. Trumpet 8th'
13. Basson-Hautbois 8th'
II. Manual C-g 3
Salicional (= No. 3) 8th' H
Gedackt (= No. 4) 8th' H
Octave (= No. 5) 4 ′
Reed flute (= No. 6) 4 ′
Nasat (= No. 7) 2 23 H
Flute (= No. 9) 2 ′ H
Third (= No. 10) 1 35
Trumpet (= No. 12) 8th'
Basson-Hautbois (= No. 13) 8th'
Pedal C – f 1
14th Sub bass 16 ′ H
Octave bass 8th'
15th bassoon 16 ′
  • Coupling : I / P, II / P, II / I, Sub II (through coupling)
  • Playing aid: tremulant
  • Remarks:
  1. From c 1 open.
  2. Open from c 0 .
  3. Combined with Subbass 16 '.
h = register contains historical pipe material

Monastery building

From the medieval monastery building, which was demolished between 1790 and 1803, only the northern part, the old abbey, is preserved today. A two-story new building was built around 1723 by the architect Alexander Ludwig von Corvey (1670–1728). The monastery gate, also known as the gatehouse, has also been preserved. It dates from 1704. In the former monastery complex there are now parish apartments, the parish office, meeting rooms of the parish, a branch of the Order of the Sisters of Saint Anne of Bangalore and the Graf Ludolf School.

Transport links

In the immediate vicinity is the station of the same name of the Haller Willem .

literature

  • Ernst Andreas Friedrich : The former Oesede monastery. In: If stones could talk . Volume IV, Landbuch-Verlag, Hanover 1998, ISBN 3-7842-0558-5 , pp. 122-124.
  • Gerd-Ulrich Piesch: Monasteries and monasteries in the Osnabrück region. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2006, ISBN 978-3-7954-1737-6 .
  • Inge Becher, Wolfgang Seegrün (Red.): Georgsmarienhütte. Young City - Old Traditions: Festschrift on the occasion of 900 years of the church in Oesede, 825 years of Oesede monastery, 135 years of Georgsmarienhütte, 25 years of the city of Georgsmarienhütte . In: Contributions to the history of Georgsmarienhütte and its districts , Volume 2. Stadt Georgsmarienhütte, Georgsmarienhütte 1995, ISBN 978-3-9803658-2-6 , 303 pp.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b Georgsmarienhütte: St. Johann monastery church in Oesede monastery - town of Georgsmarienhütte. In: georgsmarienhuette.de. May 17, 2017, accessed October 31, 2017 .
  2. St. Johann monastery church: GM Hutte's most important monument. In: noz.de. July 30, 2012. Retrieved October 22, 2017 .
  3. ^ Wolfgang Seegrün : Konrad III. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 12, 1979, p. 519 f. Retrieved December 17, 2017 .
  4. St. Johann / St. Marien: cath. Parish community Georgsmarienhütte East: St. Peter and Paul, St. Johann / St. Mary, St. Mary Peace, Holy Spirit. In: pggo.de. June 24, 1962. Retrieved October 22, 2017 .
  5. Who saw through the leprosy fissure? - Osnabrück knowledge. (No longer available online.) In: osnabruecker-wissen.de. October 14, 2016, archived from the original on October 23, 2017 ; accessed on October 22, 2017 .
  6. Oesede Monastery, St. Johann . In: freiburgerorgelbau.de . Retrieved October 30, 2017.
  7. Eduard Ebel: Queen of Instruments: Ceremony of Sounds: Oesede Monastery inaugurates organ. In: noz.de. August 27, 2017. Retrieved October 22, 2017 .

Coordinates: 52 ° 12 ′ 3 ″  N , 8 ° 6 ′ 49 ″  E