Augustinian monastery Osnabrück

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The city view of Osnabrück by Matthias Merian (1647) shows the church of the former Augustinian monastery as Templum St. Ignatii (No. 5), in front of it the building of the Jesuit Academy (No. 6)

The Augustinian monastery in Osnabrück was a monastery of the Augustinian hermits in the Neustadt of Osnabrück , which existed from the 13th to the 16th century.

history

founding

Building of the regional court on the former monastery grounds on Neumarkt

Between 1245 and 1248 Wilhelmites founded a monastery on the property of the nobleman Hermann von Holte around the Holter Castle in today's Bissendorf . In 1256 the Wilhelmites were integrated into the order of the Augustinian hermits.

In 1287, the monastery was relocated to Osnabrück Neustadt by Bishop Konrad II of Rietberg . It was settled near the Hase on the border with the old town. The church and monastery building were on the site of today's regional court , while the courtyard and gardens were on the neighboring Neumarkt .

In the initial phase there were conflicts with institutions based in Osnabrück. In 1294 the cathedral chapter of St. Peter , the collegiate chapter of St. Johann and the city council allied against the Augustinians. After intervention by Pope Boniface VIII , the disputes were settled by 1300.

In 1331 the monastery was destroyed by fire and then rebuilt in the same place.

Six provincial chapters took place in Osnabrück in the 14th and 15th centuries . During this time the monastery had appointments in Oldenburg , Dithmarschen , Quakenbrück , Vechta , Telgte , Oldenzaal and Münster .

Reformation time

From the end of the 15th century there were several revolts by citizens against the clergy in Osnabrück, which particularly affected the Gertrudenberg monastery .

In this phase, the work of Gerhard Hecker fell , who is attested as a member of the monastery from 1492 and from 1521 presented the teachings of Martin Luther in Osnabrück. In 1528 a disputation between Hecker and Otto Beckmann took place there. In the period that followed, more and more Augustinians from Osnabrück turned to the Reformation and left the convent. In 1542, Bishop Franz von Waldeck donated the monastery to the city of Osnabrück.

In 1544 the last four Augustinians left the monastery in exchange for an annual pension from the city.

Due to the Augsburg interim , the city had to give the Augustinian monastery to the administration of the cathedral chapter in 1548.

After the dissolution

The crucifixion group at the “Little Church” comes from the church of the Augustinian monastery

Prince-Bishop Heinrich von Sachsen-Lauenburg planned to build a residence on the former monastery grounds, which he received in 1583 through an exchange. However, after his death in 1585, construction work was stopped. Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg (term of office 1625–1661) had the building demolished in order to have a Jesuit academy built there, which emerged from the Carolinum grammar school . Only the main building was completed until Osnabrück was occupied by the Swedes in the Thirty Years' War in 1633 and the bishop and Jesuits had to leave the city. The monastery church then served the Swedish administrator Gustav Gustavson as the court church. It was returned to the Jesuits in 1650 when the normal year 1624 was restored after the Peace of Westphalia .

The monastery church was demolished before 1751. In 1752 a penitentiary was built in its place by Johann Conrad Schlaun , which was replaced in 1875 by the building of the regional court.

A crucifixion group from the early 16th century has been preserved from the monastery church , which is located in the grammar school church ( small church ) next to the cathedral. The depictions of Mary and John were removed in 1804. A Radiant Madonna in the St. Ansgar Church in the Nahne district, consecrated in 1965, is also said to come from the monastery. During excavation work on Neumarkt in the 1960s, the remains of the monastery wall and a clay relief depicting the mercy seat from the 15th century were found.

Members of the Convention

literature

  • Thomas Beckmann: The former Augustinian hermit monastery in Osnabrück (= Osnabrück historical sources and research. Volume 13). Osnabrück 1970.
  • Karsten Igel: Osnabrück - Augustinian Hermits (1287 to 1540) . In: Josef Dolle (ed.): Lower Saxony monastery book. Directory of the monasteries, monasteries, commendants and beguinages in Lower Saxony and Bremen from the beginnings to 1810, part 3: Marienthal to Zeven (= publications of the Institute for Historical Research at the University of Göttingen. Volume 56,3). Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-89534-959-1 , pp. 1187–1192.
  • Heinrich Siebern, Erich Fink: The art monuments of the province of Hanover , IV. Administrative region Osnabrück, 1. and 2. City of Osnabrück (issue 7 and 8 of the complete works), Hanover 1907, p. 190 f.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Beckmann, p. 18.
  2. ^ Siebern / Fink, p. 191.
  3. ↑ Beckmann, p. 1.
  4. ↑ Beckmann, p. 2 f.
  5. ↑ Beckmann, p. 5.
  6. ↑ Beckmann, p. 8.
  7. ↑ Beckmann, p. 9 f.
  8. ↑ Beckmann, p. 11.
  9. ↑ Beckmann, p. 12.
  10. ↑ Beckmann, p. 13.
  11. ↑ Beckmann, p. 14.
  12. ^ Siebern / Fink, p. 191 f.
  13. ↑ Beckmann, p. 16.
  14. ↑ Beckmann, p. 16 f.
  15. ↑ Beckmann, p. 29 f.
  16. ↑ a b c d e f g Igel, p. 1189.
  17. ↑ Beckmann, p. 33 f.
  18. ↑ Beckmann, p. 33.
  19. ↑ Beckmann, p. 35 ff.
  20. ↑ Beckmann, p. 45 ff.
  21. ↑ Beckmann, p. 41 ff.

Coordinates: 52 ° 16 ′ 21.5 ″  N , 8 ° 2 ′ 58.5 ″  E