Johannes Schiphower

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Johannes Schiphower (* 1463 in Meppen ; † after 1521) was a German Augustinian monk , theologian and historian .

Life

Education and early years

Schiphower was born in Meppen in 1463 as the son of a respected bourgeois family, his father was mayor. After attending school between the ages of 8 and 15, he entered the Augustinian monastery in Osnabrück around 1478 . Probably in 1480 he took the monk's vows and completed particular studies in Lippstadt and Appingedam . He was ordained a priest at the age of 21 , then completed a three-year study visit to Bologna and then studied for another two years in Siena to acquire a theological degree. In 1488 he was appointed cursor ( lecturer ) in the Nordhausen monastery . From 1489 to 1491 he earned the title of theological lecturer while studying in Siena. After completing his studies, he was elected prior in the Anklam Monastery ( Pomerania ) in 1491 . Because of a plague outbreak there, he returned to Osnabrück in 1494 . During a stay in Rome in 1497 as a representative of the Thuringian-Saxon order province at the general chapter of his order, he earned his doctorate to Baccalaureus of theology. After returning from Italy , he was sent to Oldenburg as Terminarius in 1500 .

Activity in Oldenburg

In Oldenburg, Schiphoer quickly became confidante and confessor of Count Johann V. von Oldenburg . The sovereign, who evidently had great confidence in Schiphower's scientific abilities, commissioned him in 1503 to write a history of the Earl of Oldenburg that had previously been missing. Schiphower followed suit and accordingly wrote the first Oldenburg Grafenchonik Chronicon Archicomitum Oldenburgensium . The elevation of the Oldenburg counts to arch counts made by Schiphower in this document is evidently his own invention. It marks his endeavor, which runs through the entire chronicle, to present the honor of the House of Oldenburg positively on behalf of the counts. Largely without his own historiographical ambitions, Schiphower usually summarized older texts, for Oldenburg above all the Rasteder and the Bremer Chronik. Schiphower also used the compilation of the Count's chronicle to include events in the history of his Augustinian order in the document, including biographical messages from more than 50 learned order members. He steadily expanded the Oldenburg Count Chronicle until around 1521.

With the Oldenburg Count Chronicle, he created a valuable document for the north-west German state history. For Schiphower's Latin text, the Johanniterkomtur Johann von Haren - also at the request of the Oldenburg Count - produced an abbreviated translation in 1506, which probably influenced the later Oldenburg historiography more than the original text.

Late years

In 1504 he returned to the monastery in Osnabrück, but in the following period, presumably later again permanently, worked in Oldenburg. In 1510 he is attested again as Terminarius . He remained active as confessor to Count Johann V and was also the teacher of the count's son Christoph von Oldenburg, who was born in 1504 and was destined for a spiritual career . Furthermore, he was also active in the political business of the count's house, for example in connection with the count's efforts to assert a special Oldenburg imperial freedom against claims of the empire . Schiphower had probably seen the Reformation penetrate the county of Oldenburg and tried to defend the traditional doctrine against it.

Further activity as an author

Schiphower deals with the creation of theological texts. During his time in Anklam, he wrote a treatise de immaculatae Virginis conceptione , which was printed in Lübeck in 1495 . Later he continued to write writings on the passion of Christ and the defense of the sacraments . During his time in Oldenburg from 1500 he wrote a Sermo de ordinibus summarizing the history of religious orders . In 1504 he wrote a “Tractatus de paupertate Christi” against criticism of beggar monks that appeared heretical to him. However, these documents have not been preserved.

Works

  • Tractatus de conceptio [n] e immaculate virginis. collect [us] p [er] venerabile [m] sacre theologie lectore [m] fratre [m] ioha [n] e [m] de meppis cognominato [!] schyphower ordinis fratru [m] heremitaru [m] diui Augustini Anno d [o] m [ini] Mcccc.xcij. quando erat prior in conue [n] tu Ta [n] glimme [n] si. Lubeck: Steffen Arndes , 9.V.1495 ( digital copy of the copy from the Herzog August Library )
  • Passio. Made in 1495, not preserved.
  • Tractatus de sacramentorum defensione. Made in 1495, not preserved.
  • Sermo de ordinibus. Created in 1500, not maintained.
  • Chronicon Archicomitum Oldenburgensium. Made 1503–1505, with additions up to 1521. Ed. By Heinrich Meibom the Elder. Younger, in: Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum, II. Helmstedt, 1688, pp. 121-192.
  • Tractatus de paupertate Christi. Made in 1504, not preserved.

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Schiphower, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Augustinian monk, theologian and historian
DATE OF BIRTH 1463
PLACE OF BIRTH Meppen
DATE OF DEATH after 1521