Quakenbrück

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 52 ° 41 ′  N , 7 ° 57 ′  E
Basic data
State :	Lower Saxony
County :	Osnabrück
Joint municipality :	Artland
Height :	24 m above sea level NHN
Area :	17.95 km 2
Residents:	13,442 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	749 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	49610
Area code :	05431
License plate :	OS , BSB, MEL, WTL
Community key :	03 4 59 030
City administration address :	Markt 1 49610 Quakenbrück
Website :	www.artland.de
Mayor :	Matthias Brüggemann ( CDU )
Location of the city of Quakenbrück in the district of Osnabrück

The old town and the landmark St. Sylvester

The postcard from 1900 shows contemporary sights: the old Schützenhof , the royal prussia. District court , the “first house on the square”, Hotel Zum Rothen Häuser

Quakenbrück ( Low German Quokenbrügge ) is a town in the district of Osnabrück in Lower Saxony , is located on the river Hase and is the administrative seat of the Artland municipality , which it forms together with the municipalities of Badbergen , Menslage and Nortrup . Quakenbrück is the historical, economic and cultural center of Artland , a region between Osnabrücker Nordland and Oldenburger Münsterland .

Quakenbrück was first mentioned in a document in 1235. The city was Burgmanns - and later also Hanseatic city . The Burgmannen living on the Burgmannshöfe defended the former episcopal state castle in the city, which in earlier times served the Osnabrück Monastery as a security against the north.

The city's landmarks are the Protestant Sylvester Church , the Catholic Marienkirche and the Hohe Pforte , the only one of the five city gates that has been preserved. The historic old town is characterized by around 100 half-timbered houses from different centuries.

In 2010 the city celebrated its 775th anniversary.

geography

Geographical location

Hase inland delta near Quakenbrück around 1903

Quakenbrück on the northern edge of the Osnabrück district, viewed from the southern Oldenburg bank of the Großer Hase

Geographical location

Quakenbrück lies within the North German Plain in the center of the extensive alluvial plain of the Artland , which is only slightly subdivided by valley sand plates and moist lowlands. The river Hase comes from the south of the Teutoburg Forest , flows towards the Cloppenburger Geest and is pushed to the west by the increase in terrain. Quakenbrück is at the point where the hare branches and its arms turn to the west to avoid the barrier of the Ems-Hunte-Geest in the north.

The town clerk Habich describes the location of the town around 1700 as follows:

"And that this place is very well situated, it should be noted that up next to the city the Hasefluß is divided into six rivers or districts, flows through the city, prevents all uncleanliness and creates many bridges."

- quoted in Heinrich Böning: Quakenbrück. History of a small North German town

geology

The Artland Hare Inland Delta

In the lowlands north of a tertiary ridge in the glacial valley of the Hase, the river has formed an inland delta due to its low gradient . The area of ​​this inland delta lies to a large extent in Artland and consists mainly of glaciofluviatile sediments that were created during the Ice Age by the action of the river carrying glacier melt water . The delta has changed its shape and size considerably as a result of human interference since the 17th century: canals were built, watercourses straightened, and weirs and locks built into the waters. The old town of Quakenbrück has been protected from flooding since 1683, in particular through the construction of the Hase attack at the Schützenhof and the diversion of the Großer Hase .

Drilling has shown that the soil consists primarily of loamy and sandy deposits from the Pleistocene . The top soil layer is five to seven meters thick and is underlain by a loamy and marbled layer of sediment that is up to ten meters thick . Sandy layers at a depth of 25 to 30 meters form a high-yield aquifer for pumping the groundwater . The top aquifer is at a depth of two to six meters.

Expansion of the urban area

Quakenbrück with its districts of Altstadt, Neustadt, Antoniort, Hakenkamp, ​​Hengelage and the Schützenhof holiday complex

The city developed in a semicircular shape over the centuries, as it was not possible to expand in a northerly direction due to the border with the Oldenburger Land, which was barely 500 meters north of the market square . Only on the occasion of municipal reform of 1972, this situation changed with the integration of hitherto to Essen (Oldb) belonging Hengelage . In the south, the Kleine Hase, flowing through the city in a westerly direction, formed a natural boundary, which was overcome by bridges as early as the early Middle Ages. The suburb of Antoniort developed there .

The semicircular shape of the city is still clearly visible and is emphasized by the federal highway 68 , which leads west, north and east around the city. In the northeast, across the main road, is the Hakenkamp settlement ; southwest of the old town, separated by the railway line, was the new town in the early 20th century .

The largest expansion of the urban area is around five kilometers in a north-south direction and almost seven kilometers in an east-west direction.

City structure

Town hall with war memorial

The old town with more than 100 preserved half-timbered houses

Row of houses in St. Antoniort

The old Schützenhof, view from the 1920s

The urban area consists of: Old Town (approx. 4000 inhabitants), Neustadt (approx. 5500 inhabitants), Hakenkamp (approx. 2500 inhabitants), Hengelage (approx. 2000 inhabitants), Antoniort, Gut Vehr and the Schützenhof recreation area.

The old town of Quakenbrück is grouped around the pentagonal market square and is dominated by Long Street as the main shopping street. The entire old town can be driven at walking pace by car. Lange Straße is a one-way street that is shared by pedestrians and cyclists. The sidewalks are indicated in color; a pedestrian zone was not set up.

As 1348 leprosy and plague , the city threatened was at the Stone Street behind the stone gate on the other side of the Little Rabbit the outside of the city, hospice St. Antoni furnished. Soon the developing suburb of St. Antoni was called Halbe Statt . The designation “halbe Statt” (half a city) indicated that the citizens living there were only allowed to exercise half a right to vote at the town councils - a precautionary measure taken by the inner city castle men so that the suburbs could not outvote them. In 1398, the name St. Antoniort was established for Steinstraße and Antoni-Pforte for the stone gate, the southern of the five city gates.

The Hengelage , which was previously called Wiehlage and belonged to the Oldenburger Land until 1972 , was built on the area of ​​Gut Vehr and pushes itself like a thorn into the Quakenbrück city area, which prevented the city from expanding in a north-westerly direction for as long as the settlement did not belong to the city.

The development of the New Town was started in the 1920s, when the southwest of the railway line to around 250 hectares more or less unsettled, wet grasslands  - Mersch country called - an airfield was that the 1935 air base was expanded. An aircraft yard was operated here during the Second World War . In 1945 the site was conquered by British troops who ceded it to Polish forces that same year. At the end of 1947 the occupiers released the site, so that the demilitarization of the complex could begin in 1948. In the extensive military building complex, of which many buildings have been preserved, a number of companies settled. The former military infirmary developed into a civil hospital, and the Bethanien Deaconess Mother House , founded in 1909 in the East Prussian town of Lötzen , found a new home in the building. From 1948 to 1973 in one had barracks post School of Oberpostdirektion Bremen housed. The accommodation buildings were mainly used as living space for the civilian population; Supported by the housing development in the immediate vicinity, a new district was created.

The Schützenhof recreation area was created when the Quakenbrücker Schützenverein from 1589 e. V. In 1847, east of the city, not far from the attack hare, a rifle's yard with a restaurant was built, which soon developed into a place for excursions and a “scene of national events”. The romantic building in the middle of a large park, accessible via an approximately two-kilometer-long oak avenue, was demolished in 1970 and replaced by a modern building with a café-restaurant and tennis and mini golf course, which could not match the popularity of the previous facility. Nevertheless, an extensive, much-visited recreation area developed with a holiday home complex near the holiday lake and various sports facilities at the Schützenhof, where the annual shooting festival takes place.

Neighboring communities

The neighboring communities of Quakenbrück are Essen (Oldb) in the north (around six kilometers away), Dinklage in the east (13 kilometers), Badbergen in the south (five kilometers) and Menslage in the west (twelve kilometers).

Badbergen and Menslage together with Quakenbrück and Nortrup form the joint municipality of Artland in the district of Osnabrück , while Dinklage is part of the district of Vechta and Essen / Oldenburg is part of the district of Cloppenburg .

climate

Quakenbrück is located in the temperate climate zone of Lower Saxony in the transition area between the maritime climate of the North Sea coast and the continental climate in the south and east and is characterized by a temperate maritime climate, influenced by moist north-westerly winds from the North Sea.

Average precipitation values ​​in Badbergen from 1961 to 1990

On a long-term average, the air temperature in Quakenbrück reaches 8.5 to 9.0 ° C, and around 616 millimeters of precipitation fall (for comparison: the German mean is around 800 millimeters). The warmest months are July and August with an average of 17.2 and 16.9 ° C and the coldest January and February with an average of 1.6 and 2.2 ° C. Most of the precipitation falls in the months of June and July with an average of 69 and 75 millimeters, respectively, and the lowest in February and March with an average of 36 and 42 millimeters. Between May and August, an average of 20-25 summer days can be expected. The number of rainy days is highest in December with ten, while the precipitation with 49 millimeters is more in the middle range.

In addition, it can be stated that the Quakenbrück / Bersenbrück region has below-average rainfall in a regional comparison. 40 km further west-southwest, in Lingen in the Emsland region, the average annual rainfall is 789 mm over the long term, so there is a difference of almost 200 mm in the annual average. This distribution is probably partly due to the topographical conditions of the region. An Ice Age moraine range, the Ankumer Höhe, extends southwest of Quakenbrück . It rises like an island in a north-south direction from the North German Plain and has its northern end near mountains . In the general maritime climate of Northern Germany, winds from the southwest-northwest sector generally dominate. If winds from the southwest, for example, bring precipitation into the region, the only elevation in this area at the Ankumer Höhe is probably a slight windward and leeward area . To the east or north-east of the elevation it therefore remains drier overall than to the west or south-west of it.

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Quakenbrück Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature ( ° C ) 1.6 2.2 4.8 8.2 12.9 15.9 17.2 16.9 14.0 10.2 5.6 2.8 O 9.4 Precipitation ( mm ) 43 36 42 39 50 69 75 68 46 56 43 49 Σ 616 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 2 2 3 5 7th 7th 7th 7th 4th 3 2 1 O 4.2 Rainy days ( d ) 9 7th 8th 8th 8th 9 8th 8th 7th 7th 9 10 Σ 98 Source: Weather station Bersenbrück and German Weather Service, climate data mean values: 1961 to 2007

population

Population development

Population development of Quakenbrück according to the adjacent table. Above from 1512 to 2018. Below an excerpt from 1871

It was only from the beginning of the 16th century that information on the city's population could be determined using individual sources, mainly using tax registers that recorded the number of households, from which the approximate number of inhabitants can be extrapolated. The Lower Saxony State Archives - State Archives Osnabrück have three registers for the 16th century; on the basis of which the population figures for the years 1512, 1532 and 1599 can be estimated, although the effects of two pestilence campaigns (1522 and 1576–1578) and the Spanish-Dutch war cannot be determined. 710 deaths are recorded in separate documents for the second plague epidemic. With the beginning of the keeping of church registers in 1667 and the smoke protection register in 1672, the source situation improved; from 1772 census results are available.

There are no studies of the effects of the First World War on population growth, since a census in the German Reich did not take place until 1925. The effects of the Second World War are unmistakable: in 1946 the population was still below the level of 1939 despite considerable immigration of displaced persons.

After the Second World War, the population of Quakenbrück increased steadily, mainly due to immigration by expellees and repatriates, although there were always slight population decreases or migration losses. The population density has increased from around 530 (1939) to 714 inhabitants / km² (2008).

year Residents 1512 900 1532 1,200 1599 1,600 1630 2,400 1670 1,700 1772 1,755 1793 1,748 1803 1,855 1816 1,989

year Residents 1900 3,074 1910 3,910 1925 4,368 1933 4,497 1939 7,678 1946 6,917 1956 8.096 1961 8,777 1968 9,542

year Residents 1970 9,970 1975 10,203 1980 9,807 1985 9,639 1990 10,478 1995 12,290 2000 12,534 2005 12,829 2007 12,822

year Residents 2008 12,782 2011 12,452 2013 12,876 2016 13,090 2017 13,366 2018 13,500

immigration

After the Second World War, numerous expellees from Silesia , East Prussia , Pomerania and the Sudetenland settled in the Quakenbrück area . In addition, from the 1960s there were repatriates of German origin from Transylvania , from the 1970s from Upper Silesia and other regions of Poland, and from the 1980s onwards Russian-German repatriates and from 1993 ethnic repatriates with their family members, who often do not speak German, mainly from Russia (1,540 people) and Kazakhstan ( 710 people). The proportion of repatriates in the Quakenbrück population was 17.2 percent in 2004.

In addition, as in the larger German cities, the increased demand for workers during the economic miracle was met by recruiting guest workers , some of whom settled permanently in the city. However, only the Russians and Greeks who have immigrated in the last few decades, with almost 900 and around 700 people respectively, are among the most numerically represented nationalities in Quakenbrück. The Polish group, which comprises 250 people, is also comparatively large , while the community of “classic guest workers”, like the Turks , appears very small with just under 100 people. However, it must be taken into account that most of the immigrants with Greek citizenship are Western Thrace Turks . The proportion of foreigners in the total population (as of December 1, 2008) is 1,520 people (11.63 percent). 840 of these are male (13.23 percent) and 680 are female (10.18 percent). According to the 2011 census, a total of 36.6% of Quakenbrück's residents have a migration background .

Quakenbrück's population combines more than 70 different nationalities, which, in addition to immigration, is due to the activities of the Artland Dragons basketball club , which employs a number of foreign players and employees, so that there are some countries that are only represented by one person or family .

Age pyramid and gender distribution

Age pyramid

In Quakenbrück there is a slight change in the age structure as it prevails in Germany, which is particularly reflected in the youth and age quotients . In Quakenbrück, these numbers are significantly softened by foreign citizens, as their number of adolescents is significantly higher than that of the German population, while they are significantly lower in the senior group and only two people in the very old.

The proportion of young people (under 20) in Quakenbrück was 22.5 percent, above the national average of 21.3 percent, that of those able to work (20 to under 60) was 48.7 percent (55.7 percent), of senior citizens (60 and older) at 28.8 percent (23 percent). The ratio of youth to old age quotient is 46:29, the corresponding all-German quotient is 38:41.

Religions

religion	Male	Female	total
AK Old Catholic	1	0	1
LT Evangelical Lutheran	2,584	3,020	5,604
NW unknown	12	20th	32
RF evangelical reformed	12	17th	29
RK Roman Catholic	1.915	2.135	4,050
VD Other	1,870	1,482	3,352
total	6,394	6,674	13,068

Quakenbrück is a traditionally Protestant town, but there was always a Catholic community , albeit a very small one at times . In 1628 there was only one Catholic member named Hugo Meyer. The further development cannot be followed numerically exactly, since the surviving statistics do not always allow an exact determination of the denomination of the Quakenbrücker citizens. In the time around 1600 there are 100. For the year 1624 37 Catholics are given, the number of which rose to 150 to 200 in the following years. In Bindel's "Spiritual Police Regulations" it says in 1662:

"... there are no more than 80 or now at most 90 their own church built ..."

Only the population register provides reliable numerical material: in the census of 1803 the confession was recorded and resulted in 1603 Protestants and 182 Catholics. The proportion of the Catholic population increased in the following period, the census of 1833 showed a share of over 20 percent: of the 2279 inhabitants, 1799 were Lutherans, 473 Catholics and seven Reformed. In 1900 there were 2082 Protestant and 992 Catholic Christians in Quakenbrück.

From the second half of the 20th century, the Catholic community continued to expand, partly due to the influx of people who had been expelled from their homes.

In 1844 the first Jewish family settled in Quakenbrück. In the following decades the Jewish population grew to 17 people in 1867 and 37 in 1895; in 1926 the maximum number of almost 100 Jews was reached. In 1897 a synagogue was built in Quakenbrück after the old prayer house in Badbergen had been sold for demolition by the community. According to the municipal statute of 1913, Quakenbrück officially became the seat of the synagogue community. A Jewish elementary school was set up in Quakenbrück parallel to the synagogue. The first teacher took office in 1898. The low number of students of less than ten put the school's continued existence into question from the start, and authorities repeatedly considered closing it. The Jewish community resisted for a long time and was supported by the city of Quakenbrück. In 1924 the school was finally closed and the last two students were assigned to the Protestant school. The former Jewish cemetery is on Steimelager Weg. It was set up in 1930/31 because the community's older cemetery, located in Grothe near Badbergen, had been desecrated.

Memorial plaque for the former synagogue

According to statistics from the Quakenbrück residents' registration office from December 1, 2008, 5604 Quakenbrückers were Evangelical Lutheran and 4050, i.e. around 25 percent less, were Roman Catholic. According to the 2011 census , 46.5% of Quakenbrückers were Protestant, 30% Roman Catholic, 3.2% Orthodox and 19.2% belonged to another or no public religious community. The statistics of the Quakenbrück residents' registration office as well as the census data obtain the figures from the information on church tax liability . Only the membership numbers of the public religious communities collected that is to Islam or any other non-public and non-church taxable religious community committed, therefore no more applicable as those of persons belonging to any religious community; they are all reported under other .

history

→ Main article : History of the city of Quakenbrück

etymology

A final interpretation of the strange name of the city, which first appeared in writing in 1235 as quakenbrugge , is hardly in sight . While the last syllable is obvious as a designation of a river crossing, the first part leads all the more to speculation. An old name for juniper is quakeln , which is why some researchers interpret the name as a bridge in the juniper . However, it is doubtful that there was ever juniper in the prehistoric marshland. Occasionally the old Dutch kwak for bridge is included in the interpretations. Most researchers, however, agree with the historian Hermann Rothert , who wrote:

“The name Quakenbrück, like that of the Chauken , is derived from a word that corresponds to the Anglo-Saxon cvacian (to tremble) (cf. Quaker , the tremor). In English there is a quagmire , in Jutian a kvag , both of which mean Bebemoor . The Chauken lived in the quaking land on the coast, and Quakenbrück means the bridge over the swaying footbridge or, more correctly, the bridge over the quaking swamp . "

- Hermann Rothert: History of the town of Quakenbrück in older times

The name has nothing to do with tadpoles or the frog , which has recently been declared a symbol of the city.

Beginnings and founding of the city

Quakenbrück around 1800

Quakenbrück does not have a certificate of incorporation; a city fire in 1383 destroyed all old documents. This is why the researchers use a document from 1235 in the Osnabrück diocese archive to determine the age. The beginnings of the settlement are estimated to be much older, as the document mentioned already mentions mills. Possibly it was a well-fortified episcopal Meierhof , which secured an important passage at a geographically prominent place on the Hase . When the monastery chapter was founded, it was probably the bishop's intention to form Quakenbrück as the northernmost bulwark of his diocese against the Counts of Tecklenburg , Ravensberg and Oldenburg .

Burg, Burgmannen and Burgmannshöfe

The first documented mention of a castle in Quakenbrück comes from 1279, but it can be assumed that it was built at the same time as the foundation of the monastery, possibly even before. The razing of the castle must have taken place at the end of the 15th or beginning of the 16th century. Today nothing can be seen of the complex, even a Burgmannshof that later replaced the castle had to give way to a new building in 1970. The elevation directly behind the Marienkirche can still be seen clearly. However, three former Burgmannshöfe have been preserved (see Quakenbrücker Burgmannshöfe ), which were strategically located so that they could provide security at the most endangered points of the fortification.

With the elimination of the need for defense, the importance of the Burgmannen steadily declined, which only survived in name until the beginning of the 19th century. With the blossoming of the citizenry, Quakenbrück developed into a town with a large market square, which displaced the tournament site of the Burgmannen and became a center of trade. Craftsmen associations emerged and trade relations with the wider area were established; Quakenbrück became the center of the freight forwarding trade between inland and coast. Initially, the Burgmannen alone exercised jurisdiction, but since 1469 the citizenry was also represented in the council. Burgmannen and city carried the same seal from this time on. From 1492 four castle men and four citizens formed the council, which from the late 16th century consisted of only six citizens.

reformation

Hermann Bonnus

The Reformation , which was introduced by the Quakenbrücker Hermann Bonnus , shaped and changed the city. Bonnus determined the church development beyond the Diocese of Osnabrück in all of Northern Germany. In Quakenbrück he met no resistance, part of the population had already turned to the Protestant side or was neutral towards it, the collegiate church could thus be converted into a Protestant church.

“With a few exceptions, the canons also converted to the Protestant religion in the period that followed. Bonnus himself was in constant contact with his hometown and was pleased that the evangelical denomination had already spread a lot here. This was certainly one reason why he gave his hand copy of the Low German Bible to the church in his hometown as early as 1536. This is known as the 'Bonnus Bible'. "

- St. Sylvester parish

In Quakenbrück, which had become a member of the Hanseatic League in 1544 and became a wealthy small town, a change of denominations began over 100 years. A Protestant diaspora developed , which was surrounded by areas with a predominantly Catholic population. The time was accompanied by various catastrophes: in 1565 32 houses burned down on Grosse Mühlenstrasse, in 1576/78 the plague flared up again, which had raged in the city as early as 1522 and killed a large part of the population. This time, 710 people died in 110 houses, 70 alone on Grosse Mühlenstrasse.

Thirty Years' War

In 1623 the Thirty Years' War began with the entry of the Catholic League "with great horror and impetuosity" in Quakenbrück and heralded a phase in which the city had to suffer from changing occupations of various warring parties. In 1627, Tilly , the general of the Catholic League, issued Quakenbrück a letter of protection, but it had little effect. A year later, a 225-man "Schutztruppe" was quartered, later also Swedish soldiers. In 1635 the Swedish company was attacked by the imperial soldiers and the city was sacked by soldiers from both parties. As a last measure of protection against further attacks by both parties, the city only had to destroy the bridges over the Hase and send a petition to Osnabrück, requesting

"... to look at this poor, emaciated community with the eyes of mercy, so that a small part of this little town may keep the dry bread."

Former Franciscan residence behind the Marienkirche

In 1647 the dean of the dean's office in Vörden , Vitus Büscher , was commissioned, with the consent of the Swedes, to consolidate the evangelical faith in the region because of the counter-Reformation efforts . The Catholic Bishop Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg , reinstated sovereign of the Osnabrück Monastery , in turn commissioned the Franciscan Order in 1650 to settle in Quakenbrück and to take over the pastoral care (cura animarum) of the few remaining Catholics.

After the end of the Thirty Years War, according to the provisions of the Capitulatio perpetua Osnabrugensis ( Perpetual Surrender ), the property of the collegiate chapter was divided between both denominations. The Catholic side, among other things, took over the former deanery and vicariate house, including the property. This property was bought back from the Protestant side for 762  Reichstaler , so that the Catholic parish could use the sales proceeds for the purchase of a plot of land between the market square and the former castle including the ruins of a former Burgmannshof with its defensive tower, where Bishop Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg in 1652 laid the foundation stone for St. Mary's Church . Its completion took until 1696.

At the end of the 17th century the city flourished again; In 1667 44 Wullner (cloth makers) had settled around the two municipal mills with their fulling mills and their linen leg . In 1750 the trading house Schröder was founded on the market, which developed into the parent company of the merchant family spreading all over the world. In 1769 Quakenbrück, with its 10 pewter foundries, was the center of tin processing in western Lower Saxony; the term “Quakenbrücker Krug” has established itself in the professional world.

Napoleonic period

In 1795 Quakenbrück was occupied by English troops who stayed for five years. On June 3, 1802, the French era began for Quakenbrück and the Principality of Osnabrück was hereditary granted to the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . In 1806 the Kingdom of Prussia came to pass temporarily and became a garrison town . In 1807 Napoleon Bonaparte was victorious and the city was added to the Kingdom of Westphalia and with the continental barrier , which was supposed to prevent trade between the British Isles and the mainland, the city, which as a border area to the Duchy of Oldenburg was always a place for exchanging goods, developed into one Center of smuggling . On January 1, 1811, the Northern Départements were dissolved again and directly linked to the French Empire by Napoléon , in order to alleviate the consequences of the imposed continental blockade. From 1811 to 1814 Quakenbrück was the administrative seat of a sub-prefecture ( arrondissement ) that included the cantons of Ankum , Cloppenburg , Friesoythe , Löningen , Vechta , Vörden and Wildeshausen with 56 mayor offices ( Mairie ) , an area with around 100,000 inhabitants. Even a higher court (Tribunal d'Arrondissement) was set up in Quakenbrück. In 1813 the defeat of Napoleon became apparent, after the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig, Quakenbrück was added to the newly formed Kingdom of Hanover at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, received a new city constitution and a first mayor, the businessman Anton Schröder.

industrialization

Quakenbrück train station

In the 19th century there were dyeing and tannery as well as brush, calico and silver goods manufacturing in Quakenbrück . On October 15, 1875, the railway line from Oldenburg via Quakenbrück to Osnabrück was opened; The first plans for this had already been made in 1849, but the small states at the time made it difficult to coordinate the respective interests.

At first there was no station building in Quakenbrück. Initially, the tickets were issued in the Imbusch inn (later the Gasthof Gösling), until the end of 1875 an elongated makeshift shed was built, which was not replaced by the final station building until 1910 . To distinguish it from the station of the former Lingen – Berge – Quakenbrück small railway , it was called the Hauptbahnhof.

World Wars and National Socialism

In the First World War were 168 soldiers who came from Quakenbrück. You have been commemorated in the Ehrenhain on Schützenhofallee since 1930. Another memento is the Iron Burgmann , which Clemens Freiherr von Schorlemer-Lieser gave to the city of Quakenbrück on May 29, 1916 and whose nailing was supposed to raise money for the burden of war. The statue in the foyer of the meeting room of the Quakenbrück town hall is made of French poplar and represents a castle man from the 13th / 14th centuries. Century in chain armor with shield and sword . It was created by two soldiers from Schorlemer's battalion .

In the " Roaring Twenties " the city was able to recover economically for a while. In 1932, at the height of the Great Depression , these recovery tendencies were a thing of the past. This year there were 220 unemployed, the business tax income had decreased within two years from 60,000 to 16,000  RM . In the Reichstag elections of November 6, 1932, the NSDAP received 650 votes, which increased to 1,019 in the March 5, 1933 elections, which corresponds to 36.4 percent of the vote. Although this was significantly less than their nationwide result of 43.9 percent, the National Socialists were by far the strongest party in Quakenbrück. This result and the increasing expansion of a National Socialist milieu since the beginning of 1933 ensured that by the summer there was also talk of National Socialist power enforcement in Quakenbrück. This was especially possible because the so-called "March fallen" ensured that an ever larger part of the population became involved in the NSDAP or one of its branches. The behavior of some of the functional elites from the conservative and Catholic milieu, who either acted at the head of the NSDAP local group or publicly expressed their loyalty in the form of poems in favor of the new Chancellor, was helpful. He tried to "stimulate the economy" through state investments and practiced the economic policy designed by the British economist Keynes. For Quakenbrück, this meant that the airfield on the Merschland in what would later become Neustadt (which is still referred to as the Merschland district in publications from 1993 ), which was established by the Artländer Aviation Association in 1928 , was expanded after the National Socialists came to power in 1933 as part of general rearmament . In the same year, a district flying squadron was stationed in Quakenbrück. In 1935, construction work began to expand the airfield and build an air base, which was camouflaged as square . Combat squadrons were stationed from 1940 , equipped with bombers of the Heinkel He 111 and Junkers Ju 88 types ; later on in the war, hunting and night fighter units followed to repel the Allied bomber fleets.

Quakenbrück was particularly important because of its large aircraft yard , in which damaged aircraft were repaired. At the beginning of 1943, however, a large part of the shipyard operations were relocated to the south of France. The air base, which was repeatedly targeted by air strikes, was known to the Allies. The most severe attack on Holy Saturday 1944 also affected the city center, where numerous buildings were damaged or destroyed. Shortly before the end of the war, the Air Force cleared the air base. On April 11, 1945 British troops occupied the airfield and ended the Second World War for Quakenbrück. The British left the site to Polish forces, who remained stationed until 1947.

In June 1933 there were 46 Jewish residents registered in Quakenbrück; If you add those who were born or moved to Germany in the following years, the number of Jews who lived in Quakenbrück during the National Socialist era was around 60. From 1935 onwards, there was an increase in anti-Semitic incidents: At the municipal swimming pool In August 1935 a sign saying "Jews undesirable" was put up. By order of the District President of Osnabrück, officials were forbidden from living in the houses of Jews. At the beginning of 1936 the officials and employees of the Quakenbrück authorities undertook not to buy anything from Jews. On November 10, 1938, the SA Standartenführer von Cloppenburg ordered the Sturmbannführer in Quakenbrück to burn down the synagogue and arrest all Jewish men. Five Jews from Quakenbrück were arrested by the SA, but the cattle dealer Lazarus Cohn, a Dutchman, was released again. The instruction of the district office to release all men over 55 years of age was not followed, rather they were taken into " protective custody " and transported with the other three men to the Buchenwald concentration camp on November 12, 1938 . The religion teacher Ernst Beer died there - according to the official version - one day after his admission of a "heart collapse". The three other men were released in December and January, respectively, on the condition that they “try to emigrate soon”.

On May 23, 1939, there were no longer any Jewish homeowners in Quakenbrück; in the census of May 17, 1939, ten Jewish residents were still registered in the city, all of whom had to move into the house in Hasestrasse 6 in the course of the year. On March 12, 1941, the city administration reported that Quakenbrück was " free of Jews ".

After the Second World War, six of the people involved in the November pogrom in Quakenbrück were brought to justice. One of the defendants was acquitted and five were sentenced to between six months and two years in prison.

After the war, three Quakenbrücker Jews returned to their hometown. In 1983, a memorial plaque was erected on the spot where the synagogue stood. Between 2011 and 2015, 40 stumbling blocks were laid for the Quakenbrück victims of National Socialism .

Recent history

On the market

Long street

In 1969 Quakenbrück became a garrison town again when a medical company of the German Armed Forces settled in Neustadt. The Quakenbrück medical depot of the Territorial Command North followed .

Up to the present day, the fact that Quakenbrück was founded as a border fortress has had an impact. The dividing line to the Oldenburger Land , which until 1972 ran just 500 meters from the market square, was moved a little further north by the regional reform, but for centuries it was a hindrance to the development of the city. This is where the Vorngau and Hasegau met in the old Saxon period , later the Hochstift Osnabrück and the Niederstift Münster and finally the Kingdom of Prussia or the Prussian Province of Hanover and the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg .

Since the regional reform in 1972, Quakenbrück has formed the joint municipality of Artland with the municipalities of Badbergen , Menslage and Nortrup . Furthermore, the Hengelage and the area of ​​Gut Vehr were incorporated. With the same reform, the former Bersenbrück district , to which Quakenbrück belonged until 1972, became part of the Osnabrück district , so that Quakenbrück is now in the Osnabrück district.

In post-war Germany, Quakenbrück was able to attract many central institutions and a number of industrial companies to Neustadt. Kynast became by far the largest manufacturing company . At the beginning of the 1960s, it developed into the largest employer in Quakenbrück and the region with more than 1,000 employees. In 1984 it had sold 15 million bicycles, had a production area of ​​130,000 square meters, employed 1,600 people and had risen to become Europe's leading bicycle manufacturer. But sales figures at home and abroad collapsed dramatically from the beginning of the 1990s due to competition, including from Asia, so that Kynast AG had to file for bankruptcy in 1999. Various renovation measures and new foundations followed, but with little success for the production of bicycles, leisure furniture and lawnmowers, which were gradually discontinued by 2005. The steel pipe production has continued since 2006 under the newly founded Kynast-Steel GmbH.

In addition to Kynast, which dominated Quakenbrücks Neustadt for decades, a number of other production companies settled there. These included the mattress manufacturer Schlaraffia , which ultimately became a branch of the Lear Corporation , and the Deutsche Frühstücksei- Gesellschaft, in which 1.8 million eggs were sorted and packaged every day in the early 1980s and which generated annual sales of around DM 100 million . In 1985 the private industrial research institute DIL was founded in Quakenbrück.

Only a few industrial companies survived the structural crisis of the 1980s. These include the body and vehicle construction company Böcker, the grocery factory Ruf and JCK Holding GmbH Textil KG. The Ruf grocery factory is the only one located in the city center with its production facility and 365 employees. With his JCK Holding GmbH Textil KG, the textile entrepreneur Günter Kollmann runs an umbrella organization for a large number of companies in the textile industry, some of which have also settled in Quakenbrück. As a former member of the German national basketball team, Kollmann is also the driving force and main sponsor of the Artland Dragons .

Incorporations

On July 1, 1972, parts of the neighboring community of Essen / Oldenburg ( Cloppenburg district ) with at that time significantly more than 1000 inhabitants (Hengelage) were incorporated.

politics

City council

City council election 2016

Turnout: 47.0%

 %

40

30th

20th

10

0

36.4

32.2

16.6

9.5

5.4

CDU

SPD

left

Green

FDP

Gains and losses

compared to 2011

 % p

   6th

   4th

   2

   0

  -2

  -4

  -6

  -8th

-10

+1.7

-8.3

+5.1

+1.4

+0.3

CDU

SPD

left

Green

FDP

The city ​​council currently has 31 members from five parties. Nine seats are currently occupied by women.

The following table shows the local election results since 1996.

Quakenbrück City Council: election results and city councils
	CDU		SPD		GREEN		FDP		LEFT		BfA 1		total		electoral participation
Electoral term	%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%
1996-2001	45.2	14th	37.2	12	7.6	2	10.1	3	-	-	-	-	100	31	56.0
2001-2006	43.9	14th	37.6	12	4.6	1	13.8	4th	-	-	-	-	100	31	54.9
2006-2011	44.0	14th	35.4	11	3.4	1	9.3	3	-	-	7.8	2	100	31	52.8
2011-2016	34.73	11	40.55	13	8.15	2	5.06	2	11.51	3	-	-	100	31	46.4
2016-2021	36.4	11	32.2	10	9.5	3	5.4	2	16.7	5	-	-	100	31	47.0
Percentages rounded. Sources: State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony , District Osnabrück. In the case of different information in the sources mentioned, the data from the State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology were used, as they are generally more plausible. 1 citizen for Artland

After the city council elections in 2016, several politicians from the Die Linke party and a politician from the FDP were sentenced to fines and suspended sentences in the first instance for fraudulent elections. According to the judgments, the politicians had filled in the ballots of other postal voters themselves. The postal vote to the city council was then repeated on March 5, 2017. As a result, Die Linke lost two seats on the city council, while the CDU and SPD each gained one seat.

mayor

• until 1968: Aloys Geers (SPD)
• 1968–1972: Karl Möller ( CDU )
• 1972–1979: Horst Magnus (CDU)
• 1979–1988: Werner Korfhage (FDP)
• 1988–1991: Jürgen Gadeberg (SPD)
• 1991–2000: Klaus Alves (CDU)
• 2000–2011: Wolfgang Becker (CDU)
• 2011–2014: Claus Peter Poppe (SPD)
• 2014–2016: Paul Gärtner (SPD)
• since 2016 Matthias Brüggemann (CDU)

Member of Parliament

The Quakenbrücker Claus Peter Poppe , former headmaster of the Artland-Gymnasium, was elected to the state parliament for the first time in 2003 via the state list of the SPD . He was a member there until October 2014 and resigned to become mayor of the Artland community . Since the state elections in 2013, Christian Calderone from Quakenbrück has been the only person to represent the city in the state parliament of Lower Saxony as a directly elected CDU candidate.

Coat of arms and seal

The coat of arms of Quakenbrück refers to the castle, which was probably built on the hill behind the market square in the 13th century, i.e. when the town was founded. The castle men who lived there used a seal that has been known since 1286. A stylized castle with a Gothic tracery window in the middle is shown as a seal image . From 1401 imprints of a secret seal of the castle men are known, which show a castle with an open gate, flanked by two trees. This secretion seal is based on Otto Hupp's coat of arms drawing from around 1926. It shows a red castle in silver with an open gate and two side tin towers, accompanied by two trees. Since the castle men belonged to the ruling class of the city, their seals were applied to the city. The city coat of arms created in the 19th century is based on both representations of the seals, in that it contains the open gate of the secretion seal, but, as with the main seal, dispenses with the trees. In the 20th century, the coat of arms differs from that of the 19th century only in the more modern version of the castle. The main statute of the city of Quakenbrück from 2001 no longer speaks of a castle, but of a gate entrance with three towers.

The current blazon reads: “A red gate entrance with three towers in silver.” The city ​​colors of Quakenbrück are white and red, the flag is in these colors and shows the city coat of arms as a symbol. The official seal contains the coat of arms and the inscription "Stadt Quakenbrück".

• 

  City coat of arms from 1891, based on the two Burgmannen seals

• 

  Coat of arms drawing based on the secretion seal from 1401 by Otto Hupp , approx. 1926

Town twinning

Quakenbrück maintains a town partnership with the following cities :

 France , Alencon , Normandy

 United States , Conway , Arkansas

 Poland , Dobre Miasto , Warmia-Masuria

 Germany , Wesenberg , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

On June 27, 1969, the town twinning with Alençon in Normandy was sealed. The connection came about through the student exchange between the Artland-Gymnasium and the Lycée Alain in Alençon, which had existed since the 1950s .

After the political change in 1989 and the looming reconciliation between West and East, Polish-German relations intensified at the district and city level. After a partnership between the district of Osnabrück and the Polish community association of Warmia-Masuria Voivodeship , which emerged from the old East Prussian district of Allenstein , was established in 1998, a series of town twinning was subsequently established at the efforts of the districts, such as the partnership between Quakenbrücks and Dobre Miasto in 2000 , the former Guttstadt .

The partnership with Wesenberg (Mecklenburg) was established on September 21, 1990.

The latest town twinning was sealed on April 1, 1992 and began with an anecdote . Since 1982, Conway has celebrated the Toad Suck Daze Festival every year in May , which is all about toads and where, among other things, the world championships in the toad race are held. In the spring of 1984 Quakenbrück received a letter from a representative of the US state of Arkansas, stating that a city called Conway was looking for a European twin city with a toad as a heraldic animal. Because of the name, people asked whether that was the case with Quakenbrück. Even when the mistake was cleared up, the correspondence with the American small town was continued. The local newspaper Log Cabin Democrat reported enthusiastically about the impending "sistership", whereby it made the small mistake of moving Quakenbrück to Bavaria - the newspaper report illustrated the caricature of a pretzel-wielding toad in Bavarian costume. So it happened that the first delegation headed for Munich Airport and only reached Quakenbrück after a bus ride of around nine hours.

It took another eight years before the partnership was officially established. Quakenbrück owes her not only a lively cultural and youth exchange, but also the marketing idea to market Quakenbrück as a frog city .

Quakenbrück is affiliated with the German-Dutch municipal association EUREGIO , to which around 130 cities, municipalities and districts from western Lower Saxony and the eastern Netherlands belong.

Culture and sights

Quakenbrück is often called Rothenburg des Nordens in tourist publications because of its medieval town complex with many half-timbered houses , a name that a number of cities, such as Burgdorf , Neubrandenburg , Halberstadt and Hildesheim , have already claimed for themselves. In the 1980s, the citizens refused to be included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site ,

Poggenpad

Poggenpad

The Poggenpad (frog path) is a 3.1 km long touristic sightseeing route through the city center. It is characterized by plates embedded in the sidewalk with artistically designed frog footprints. It starts at the market square in front of the Quakenbrück town hall and leads over the Hohe Pforte in 30 stations to the most important sights of the city (see also Quakenbrücker Burgmannshöfe and Quakenbrück's historic houses ).

theatre

In 1988 the non-profit association Theaterwerkstatt Quakenbrück e. V. , which emerged from a theater course at the adult education center and initially performed plays in changing rooms. In 1990 the company moved into the building at Bahnhofstrasse 35, where two to three in-house productions have been staged and guest performances have been held since then. The association has been a member of the Lower Saxony State Association of Amateur Theaters since 1995, received the Culture Prize of the Osnabrück Landscape Association in 1999 and the Prize of the Quakenbrück City Foundation in 2000.

Furthermore, the cultural ring of the Quakenbrück Transport and Heritage Association regularly organizes touring theater performances, which take place in the auditorium of the Artland-Gymnasium with around 700 seats or in the Artland-Arena with more than 3000 seats.

movie theater

The Schauburg film theater, which was shown on postcards as a sight as early as 1938 , has had three projection rooms since 2005. In 1999 the Schauburg was founded by the Film & Medienbüro Niedersachsen e. V. honored for the design of its special film programs and program series.

city ​​Museum

city ​​Museum

Since 1983 the city museum on the market square has been housed in the two-storey gabled house built in the classical style from around 1830 and is managed as a registered association by a team of volunteers. In addition to changing special exhibitions, the permanent exhibition of the city museum takes up topics from the city, school and church history and is supplemented by a historical pharmacy facility , a chapel room , a farmer's kitchen and an extensive pewter collection . Attached to the city museum are a regional and subject library as well as a city history archive with bequests from families and businesses, a large number of historical maps and an extensive picture archive.

Outdoor art

In front of the tax office is the sculpture The poor tax citizen by Hans Gerd Ruwe . In the immediate vicinity of the rabbit attack at the Schützenhof is the plastic wings growing over the Delta by Carola Wedell . It forms a station on the Hasetal Art Route , which leads over approx. 100 km from Bersenbrück to Meppen .

• 

  The poor taxpayer in front of the Quakenbrück tax office

• 

  Wings grow over the delta at Hase Raid

Buildings

St. Sylvester Church

St. Mary's Church

The townscape of Quakenbrück is dominated by the towers of the Protestant St. Sylvester Church from the 13th century and the Catholic Marienkirche from the 17th century.

In the north of the city, the Lange Strasse leads to the Hohen Pforte , the only one of the five former city gates that has been preserved, into the historic old town with around 100 restored half-timbered houses, mostly historic residential buildings , and the Burgmannshöfen . The tax office is housed in the former district court in the neo-renaissance style .

Further examples of historical residential and commercial buildings are grouped around the central market square with its classicistic town hall , the Marienkirche built on the remains of a Burgmannshof and the Burgmannshof Vosshagen . The European fountain, which was set up on the market square in 1990, was designed by the Freiburg artist Franz Gutmann and is intended to "symbolize the city's European contacts through the powerful bull and Europe".

To the west of the old town is the Art Nouveau station building, built in 1909-10. The striking Loxter Hof had to give way to a modern building for a medical center in 1964 in the euphoria of innovations of the post-war period. There are more Burgmannshöfe on Grosse Mühlenstrasse, with the von Dincklage family's courtyard forming an ensemble with the old mill. The small mill was founded in 1235 and handed over to the monastery chapter for management together with the large mill. The main building, which has been preserved from the small mill, which still houses the mill of a seed mill, was built in 1726. The remaining Burgmannshöfe were at Burgstrasse 2 (now a Catholic rectory) and 7 and at Langen Strasse 18, 37 (district court), 45 and 47.

Quakenbrück has two other churches, the Protestant Church of St. Petrus in the Neustadt and the Catholic Church of St. Paulus on the Hengelage, both from the 1960s. The Holy Spirit Chapel stood in the Neustadt until 1995 .

• 

  Large mill (right),
  Dincklage courtyard (left)

• 

  Long street

• 

  High gate

• 

  Hotel Hagspihl

• 

  Half-timbered ensemble

• 

  The former air base in Neustadt, today partly used by the Bundeswehr and the technical relief organization

• 

  Europe fountain on the market square

• 

  Illuminated town hall

• 

  Illuminated old town houses

• 

  Building of the former agricultural school with a war memorial

• 

  Marketplace

• 

  One of the numerous frog sculptures in the city area

Parks

city ​​Park

Quakenbrück is rich in green spaces. The Bürgerpark is located in the Neustadt district, while the Stadtpark (today the Park of German Unity ) was created on the edge of the old town in 2006 , which leads past the swimming pool and sports fields, turns into the hiking trail along the Hase and leads across the dike to the Schützenhof recreation area.

The city forest is located a few kilometers northeast of the city center. In 1990 the marriage forest was created north of Deichsee, where brides and grooms can plant a tree. The city of Quakenbrück refrains from profitable measures such as the regulated purchase of trees. In addition, there are no fees or planting regulations. It is only recommended to plant native, robust and long-lasting deciduous trees such as English or sessile oak, red or hornbeam, norway maple, wild cherry, linden or elm.

Hasepark, an area of ​​18 hectares around which the Hase flows and has existed since 1902, lies between the dike lake and the city forest. Two biotopes and many hedges form a park-like landscape in which the traditional Quakenbrück race day takes place.

Sports

Sports facilities

Artland-Arena with space for 3200 spectators

Swingolf at Gut Vehr

In the eastern city center, adjacent to the city park, there is a sports and leisure area with an Artland Arena , large sports hall, various sports fields, cinder track, outdoor and indoor swimming pools and tennis facilities.

In Hasepark on Dinklager Straße, the race day organized by the Artländer Rennverein, which is known nationwide for its sea ​​hunt races, is held every first Sunday in September .

From the former small station on Niedersachsenstrasse / Friedrichstrasse, trolley trips can be made on the disused railway line between Quakenbrück and Nortrup .

The former air base in Neustadt is used as a model and glider airfield.

basketball

The Artland Dragons basketball team played in the Bundesliga between 2003 and 2015 . In the 2006/07 season it became German runner-up, and in May 2008 it won the BBL Cup as the first title in the club's history. In the 2010/2011 season they reached the semi-finals of the play-offs of the basketball Bundesliga.

On May 3, 2015, the Artland Dragons announced their withdrawal from the Beko Basketball Bundesliga.

For the youth work there is a cooperation with the Quakenbrücker Turn- und Sportverein (QTSV), from which the Artland Dragons emerged.

Regular events

In addition to the national and international Artland Dragons basketball games in the Artland Arena, the Artländer Renntag on the first Sunday in September, the Burgmannsfest in mid-September and the Music Days in November are among the city's most important regular events.

Quakenbrücker Musiktage:

The Quakenbrücker Musiktage was founded in 1985 by the Quakenbrück school musician Günter Schuhriemen and has been held every two years in November since then. The event consists of an annually changing concert series of classical music; in addition, other concerts and theater productions are performed. The events take place in the Artland-Arena, the Artland-Gymnasium or in the churches.

In 2001, the summer festival of the Musiktage was added, which up to now took place every year in early summer at Hof Nietfeld in Badbergen (now only every two years) and usually includes eight events. The mighty courtyard square of the Nietfeldschen Artländer farm in the architectural style of a Low German hall house , which can be proven until before 1394, is protected against rain for the concerts with a roof structure, which ensures the open-air character of the events.

In 2007, for budgetary reasons, the entire community decided to hold the summer festival and music days alternately every two years, which should lead to the hoped-for savings of around 30,000 euros.

Culinary specialties

The so-called Wöbkebraut , a variation of Panhas , used to be eaten as a second breakfast, but is now hard to find. Even the Pickert has disappeared from the menus and is only occasionally in a large round, similar to kale offered. Bookwetenjanhinnerk , buckwheat - pancakes were, in addition to buckwheat soup, popular everyday dishes that are now more typical of the region and are known for the Emsland than the Artland.

Economy and Infrastructure

The existence of mills, mentioned for the first time in 1235, indicates an economic branch of the high medieval settlement. In his contribution to the economic history of Quakenbrück in the 13th to 16th centuries, Carl-Hans Hauptmeyer sees the place as a central agricultural settlement of the regional nobility, which has been organized as a cooperative since 1278, and as a stately secured place with handling functions for cattle, grain and other products from the immediate vicinity Settlement from which the local canons benefited.

From the middle of the 15th century, at the same time as the Burgmannen were pushed back, small-town economic life developed in the city. In 1435 the shoemaker's company came into being, in 1443 the cloth processing trades merged, in 1476 the tailors. These Quakenbrücker guilds initially emerged from religious brotherhoods comprised of men and women. The Liebfrauengilde has been known since 1407 or the St. Sylvester's Guild since 1435, which obviously only accepted more respected people in the village and is not necessarily to be regarded as a craftsmen's or traders' corporation. In 1494 the guild of wool weavers was founded, whose supra-local trade is documented from 1488. They had a municipal fulling mill and a number of dye places available.

Pewter foundry

From the second half of the 17th century, Quakenbrück pewter casters can be identified. In the 18th century there were up to four workshops at the same time, which speaks for a high demand for pewter dishes during this time. Their products included the Quakenbrücker jugs , which are characterized by a hunched lid with a jointed pen. As a rule, the workshops remained in the same family, which is why certain family names occur more frequently among the master pewter foundries, such as Bahlmann, Schnackenberg, Eckholt or Hölscher. The most productive was Lubert Diedrich Bahlmann, born in 1710, whose stamp is often struck on existing pewter tools. The mark of the master Gerhard Matthias Hölscher (1753–1841) is also frequently documented. A number of these exhibits can be viewed in the museum village of Cloppenburg or in the Quakenbrück city museum. Shortly after 1850 the pewter foundry business in Quakenbrück came to a standstill, after the craftsmen had already started to migrate to the surrounding villages a few years earlier. The prerequisite for this was the lifting of compulsory guilds during Napoleonic rule.

Agriculture and Forestry

At the rabbit behind the city park

The area around Quakenbrück scores better than the areas in the immediate vicinity with a yield indicator (EMZ, measure of soil quality) of 35–45. The total area of ​​the region is geest , moor or heathland that was settled relatively late . The Hase, which flows through many arms of the river with a slight gradient, stored minerals and fertile alluvial sands from the Osnabrück mountainous region for a long time, thus ensuring good soil.

Like the entire Osnabrück region, Artland is an area with traditional small-scale farming structures. A lot of arable farming has always been done around Quakenbrück and the otherwise high livestock density is much lower. Oats , rye , barley and the more demanding wheat could be grown on the fertile arable land . After there were often grain surpluses, people spoke of the granary of the bishopric of Osnabrück . Over the centuries, this led to the emergence of a wealthy rural upper class. This prosperity is still visible today in the large number of magnificent old farms that are combined to form the Artland cultural treasure . A large part of these farms is no longer inhabited by full-time farmers.

In 2003, 23 farms in the urban area of ​​Quakenbrück cultivated a usable area of ​​1269 hectares, of which twelve were devoted to plant fodder cultivation , six to arable farming and two to horticulture . Two more worked as processing companies and one in livestock farming . Seven businesses were run as full-time businesses. A total of 74 people were employed in agriculture, 25 of them full-time. Around 50 percent of the cultivated area is used for growing grain, with a focus on corn and feed grain for pig and poultry farming; around 35 percent are green areas .

100 years ago the area around Quakenbrück had very little trees. Outside of the populated areas, the urban area was surrounded by bushy wasteland , wet meadows and heathland , overexploitation prevented forests from forming. The ancient oak trees typical of Artland were almost exclusively on the private grounds of the courtyards. In the course of land consolidations after the liberation of the farmers, most of the communally used areas were privatized and the overexploitation stopped suddenly. The new owners upgraded their new land and looked after the common areas as planned. In the north of the city of Quakenbrücks, around 140 hectares of urban forest was created, which was enlarged by 0.5 hectares in 2008 with the planting of 1,300 new oaks and connected to the marriage forest . Nowadays the city park and the Haseufer are rich in mixed trees, mainly oak and birch.

Local businesses

The most important company for the town for many years was the Kynast company , which after two bankruptcies became meaningless as Kynast-Steel GmbH, which was founded in 2005. In addition, Quakenbrück developed from the 1950s into a center for mattress manufacture, mechanical engineering and the chemical paint industry; the latter consisted of twelve companies in 1950.

All that remains of the larger production facilities is the Ruf company , which has been producing baking ingredients, desserts and baking mixes since 1920. The company employs 450 people and in 2007 produced 1.8 billion packages.

In 1985 the German Institute for Food Technology (DIL) established itself in Quakenbrück. The research institute employs 150 people, has a four million euro budget and is characterized by the execution of public research contracts combined with cooperation with the predominantly medium-sized industry. The vehicle supplier Lear Corporation set up shop in 1988 and primarily produces vehicle seats with around 250 employees.

traffic

The international airports of Münster / Osnabrück and Bremen are each around 80 kilometers away.

Quakenbrück is connected to Osnabrück and North Rhine-Westphalia via the B 68 federal road coming from Cloppenburg . The federal road runs through the northern urban area between the old town and the Hengelage district and forms a bypass road around the city center in the east and south . The closest highway access, the ramp reward / Dinklage the motorway A 1 , is located about 15 kilometers east and is the national road achieved L 845th I heading west, the state road L 60 leads to Menslage and on to Löningen , where there is a connection to the B 213 ( European route E 233 ), which leads to the A 31 , Lingen and Meppen / Emmen (Netherlands).

With the NordWestBahn is Quakenbrück station on the railway line Wilhelmshaven-Osnabrück reach. The section between Oldenburg and the former border town of Quakenbrück was opened on October 15, 1875. The non-electrified route is driven every hour by the RE  18 with diesel railcars of the type Lint 41 - also in multiple units depending on demand .

The Duisburg – Quakenbrück railway line, opened by the Rheinische Eisenbahngesellschaft in 1879 , remained the last major railway construction project in Germany for a few decades, competed with the Wanne-Eickel – Hamburg line and gained importance as the shortest connection between the Ruhr area and Hamburg , especially during the First World War the Wilhelmshaven naval port . However, it was never able to assert itself as a serious competitor to the "Rollbahn" (nickname of the Wanne-Eickel-Hamburg railway).

Passenger traffic between Quakenbrück and Rheine was stopped in 1969, freight traffic on this section nine years later. It had previously been planned to set up a test section for the InterCityExperimental on the Rheine-Quakenbrück section . This structural support measure was intended as a supplement to the construction of the Transrapid test facility in Emsland , which was taking place a few kilometers further northwest and at the same time . In the meantime, those parts of the tracks between Quakenbrück and Spelle that are not used for recreational draisine traffic have been dismantled .

Furthermore, until 1952 there was a small train connection from Quakenbrück via Menslage and Berge to Lingen . The Kleinbahn had its own train station in Quakenbrück to the west of the Bundesbahnhof.

Local public transport is organized by the Osnabrück Transport Association and operated by various bus routes on the VOS-Nord and Weser-Ems routes .

tourism

Division of the hare at the Schützenhof

Holiday lake

Quakenbrück starting point of the 142 km long tourist route Artland route . Groups of day trippers can rent draisines on the disused Quakenbrück-Rheine railway line . Several well-designed tours for cyclists, which lead through Artland, run through the area of ​​the city of Quakenbrück.

With a guest card, amateur anglers can catch fish in one of the numerous waters of the Quakenbrück sport fishing club. Association waters are the Große Hase, the Kleine Hase and the Grother Canal in the city area, the Deichhase, the Große Mühlenhase, the Überfallhase and the Wrau; the holiday lake, the Deichsee, the excavator pit, the Rennplatz pond and the water in the flat.

media

The Bersenbrücker Kreisblatt is a local edition of the Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung and has its main editorial office in Quakenbrück. The Artland community library is located in the same building. It has more than 8000 media, is affiliated with the interlibrary loan association and is equipped with a public Internet workstation. Since 2016 she has been a member of the NBib24 online loan network, which is coordinated by the Lower Saxony library .

The print media also include the direct hit , the local newspaper for the northern district of Osnabrück, Südoldenburg and a (small) part of the Emsland. The advertising paper appears every two weeks, but not at all for a few weeks in the summer months. The market place is a bi-monthly journal of the Artland-Atelier. The ON on Sunday is a Sunday appearing advertising paper with message part of Osnabrück and the Osnabrücker Land.

Medical supplies

Until 1971 there were two hospitals in Quakenbrück, the Evangelical Bethanien Hospital and the Catholic Borromäus Hospital , which merged on September 23, 1971. In cooperation with the Lower Saxony Ministry of Social Affairs, the construction of a 420-bed hospital was planned, the foundation stone of which was laid on May 14, 1974. After a good three years of construction, it was completed and was put into operation as House I and medical care was expanded to include diabetology . The following year the former Bethanien Hospital was rebuilt and renovated. The new specialist departments neurology and psychiatry found their place in the so-called House II . As part of the renovation of House II in 1999, the Neurology Department moved to House I.

In the foyer and the ecumenical Arche chapel of the hospital, cultural events such as concerts, lectures and exhibitions take place regularly, mostly free of charge.

education

Quakenbrück is often referred to as a school town . It has one of the oldest north German grammar schools, the Artland grammar school , which traces its existence back to a Latin school from 1354. Three elementary schools , a primary and secondary school (elementary and secondary school Artland) , a special school (in 1966, founded as a school for children with learning difficulties Hasetalschule ), the vocational school business and administration of the district Osnabrück and technical schools for educational method care, podiatry , Diabetology and physiotherapy , a nursing school and the adult education center complete the educational offer. There are plans to set up a branch office for the Nursing bachelor's degree at Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences . The Osnabrück district music school and the Burgmannskapelle Quakenbrück e. V., a private language school and several local tutoring schools.

So far it has not been possible to conclusively clarify when the first higher educational institution in Quakenbrück was built. It is certain that in 1354 a rector scolarum in Quakenbr. (School director in Quakenbrück) is mentioned in a document. The chroniclers agree that it was an institution of the Collegiate Chapter of St. Sylvester, which originally trained the clergy. The city must have participated since 1507 at the latest, which is evident from a number of invoices. Until 1893 the school was housed in an extension of the St. Sylvester Church.

In 1647 the dean Vitus Büscher redesigned the school system. The old Latin school was connected to the Protestant elementary school, with a Catholic school remaining in place. When the monopoly of Latin teaching fell in the course of the 19th century, the Quakenbrücker Magistrate applied for the conversion to a Progymnasium . The school started operations in 1832 with three teachers, three classes and 40 students. However, the number of students steadily decreased until the city pushed for a conversion to a secondary school and achieved increasing student numbers. In 1874 the school moved to a new building on Grosse Mühlenstrasse, which was subsequently expanded and rebuilt several times. In 1964 a new building was necessary again after the number of students had risen to 550. The inauguration of the new school complex, designed for around 700 students, took place on January 20, 1967; The keynote address was given by the then Minister for Economics and Transport, Karl Möller , who came from Quakenbrück .

Personalities

Kessen Ülk and Minchen fountain

→ Main article : List of personalities from the city of Quakenbrück

The city's best-known son is the reformer Hermann Bonnus , who was born in Quakenbrück in 1504 . The formative historical personalities who worked on site include the Badberg sculptor, painter and violin maker Karl Allöder , to whom the city owes a number of works of art, the poet Ludwig Brill and the Nobel Prize winner Klaus von Klitzing . The film historian Enno Patalas (1929–2018) was also a native of Quakenbrück .

As the first proven honorary citizen of the city, Ernst von Hammerstein-Loxten received his honorary citizenship in 1889. 1904 Realgymnasialdirektor August Fastenrath (1844-1908) was given honorary citizenship and in 1913 Senator Bernhard Friedrich Rohde (1840-1917). It was not until 50 years later that the city appointed further honorary citizens: in 1965 the master builder, mayor and city councilor Josef Vonier (1883–1979), who was the first Quakenbrück citizen to be awarded the Federal Cross of Merit, together with painter Theodor Macke (1881–1972) because of their “decades of Working for the good of the city. In 1979, Lower Saxony's Minister of Economic Affairs, Karl Möller, was the first native of Quakenbrück to be granted honorary citizenship.

The inseparable couple kessen Ülk and Minchen were Quakenbrücker originals. In the last years of their lives they lived in the city poor house and earned their living by weaving baskets. Ülk died in 1910, Minchen in 1917. They were buried in social graves in the Protestant cemetery. A fountain is dedicated to them.

literature

• Heiko Bockstiegel, Heinrich Böning: 750 years of Quakenbrück. Historical overview - annual program. Thoben-Verlag, Quakenbrück 1998, ISBN 3-921176-44-1 .
• Heiko Bockstiegel: The roots of a friendship: 25 years of partnership between Alençon and Quakenbrück. Thoben-Verlag, Quakenbrück 1994. ISBN 3-921176-73-5 .
• Heinrich Böning: Quakenbrück. History of a small North German town , Thoben-Verlag, Quakenbrück 1979, ISBN 3-921176-50-6 .
• Heinrich Böning: Along the Hase: From Osnabrück via Quakenbrück to Meppen , Sutton-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-89702-750-X .
• Heinrich Böning: Time leaps Quakenbrück , Sutton Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3-86680-085-1 .
• Horst-Rüdiger Jarck (ed.): Quakenbrück. From the border fortress to the commercial center , Osnabrück historical sources and research, 1985, ISBN 3-9800335-3-8 .
• Gudrun Kuhlmann: The Artland and the city of Quakenbrück in their historical development , Isensee 2004, ISBN 3-89995-009-7 .
• Herbert Obenaus, David Bankier, Daniel Fraenkel, Andrea Baumert: Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen , Wallstein Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-89244-753-5 .
• Christian Peters: National Socialist Enforcement of Power in Small Towns. A comparative study on Quakenbrück and Heide / Holstein , Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2015, ISBN 978-3-8376-3091-6 .
• Christian Wüst, Hein Böning, Claudia Wüst, Heiko Bockstiegel, Josef Hauertmann: The Artland: cultural treasure in the northwest , Artland-Atelier Quakenbrück, 2006, ISBN 3-00-018542-9 .

Web links

Wiktionary: Quakenbrück  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Commons : Quakenbrück  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

 Wikinews: Quakenbrück  - in the news

Wikisource: Quakenbrucke in the Topographia Westphaliae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Internet presence of the Artland community and the city of Quakenbrück

References and comments

1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
2. ^ City information and history of Quakenbrück
3. ↑ artland.de
4. ^ Kuhlmann: The Artland and the city of Quakenbrück in their historical development . P. 7.
5. ↑ Martin Teller: The geological genesis of the north-west German natural area. ( PDF ) + explanations on the course of the hare
6. ↑ ^{a b c} Heinrich Böning: Quakenbrück. History of a North German Small Town , Thoben Verlag, Quakenbrück 1979. p. 7
7. ^ HA Meissner: Persistence and change in a north-west German agricultural area. The Quakenbrücker Basin. Leer (Schuster) 1979. ISBN 3-7963-0157-6 .
8. ↑ Wolfgang Schlüter: The prehistory and early history of the Artland and its surroundings. In: H.-R. Jarck (ed.): Quakenbrück. From the border fortress to the commercial center. P. 34f.
9. ↑ Joint municipality plan Artland with local maps ( memento of the original dated June 11, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
10. ↑ Internet presence of the Quakenbrücker Schützenverein from 1589 e. V.
11. ↑ "Summer day" is a climatological term for days on which the maximum temperature reaches or exceeds 25 ° C
12. ↑ The climate records for the neighboring Badbergen or Bersenbrück can be used due to the similar weather conditions, see Kuhlmann: Das Artland , p. 7: "The Artland with its landscape around Quakenbrück and the Osnabrücker Nordland have largely identical climatic conditions ..."
13. ↑ Weather station Bersenbrück.
14. ↑ German Weather Service.
15. ^ Finding aids of the Osnabrück State Archives
16. ↑ The numbers for 1512, 1532, 1599, 1630 and 1670 are from tax registers, those for 1772 and 1793 are estimated or extrapolated from the Rauchschatz register . From 1803 results of censuses are available, Lower Saxony State Office for Statistics . The numbers from 1910 to 1956 are from Harting / Schuler: To Quakenbrück's population history in: Quakenbrück. From the border fortress to the commercial center. P. 162. The figures from 2008 correspond to written information from the city of Quakenbrück, residents' registration office, as of December 1, 2008.
17. ^ Osnabrück district: Migration and integration. November 2006. p. 27. ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 597 kB) 
18. ↑ Exact figures for this group cannot be given because the Western Thrace Turks are shown as citizens of Greek citizenship and the statistics kept by the city of Quakenbrück include every registered citizenship, thus indicating the number of all citizenships and not the number of people. Because of multiple citizenships, the statistics from December 2, 2008 from the Quakenbrück residents' registration office result in 14,577 rates for 13,079 residents.
19. ↑ ^{a b c} Written information from the city of Quakenbrück, residents' registration office: Statistics 2, counting by year of birth. As of December 1, 2008.
20. ↑ https://results.zensus2011.de/#dynTable:statUnit=PERSON;absRel=PROZENT;ags=034595401030;agsAxis=X;yAxis=MIGRATION_KURZ
21. ↑ Sources for Germany: Ernst Schader Foundation: Life expectancy and age structure ( Memento of the original from September 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Sources for Quakenbrück: Written information from the city of Quakenbrück, residents' registration office: Statistics 2, counting by year of birth. As of December 1, 2008. 
22. ^ City of Quakenbrück, Registration Office: Population by religion , as of December 1, 2008.
23. ↑ ^{a b c} Richard Bindel: Spiritual Police Order of the Principality of Osnabrück from 1662 , in: OsnMitt 46, 1924, pp. 49–141.
24. ^ Hermann Rothert: Heimatbuch des Kreis Bersenbrück. 1949. p. 160.
25. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Historical manual of the Jewish communities in Lower Saxony and Bremen . Tamar Avraham, Daniel Fraenkel: Osnabrück. Pp. 1196-1220.
26. ↑ https://results.zensus2011.de/#dynTable:statUnit=PERSON;absRel=PROZENT;ags=034595401030;agsAxis=X;yAxis=RELIGION_AUSF
27. ^ Werner Dobelmann: History and Industry in the Bersenbrück District. in: Communications from the District Home Federation Bersenbrück, Bank 10/1962.
28. ^ ^{A b} Hermann Rothert: History of the city of Quakenbrück in older times. In: Communications from the Association for History and Regional Studies of Osnabrück (OsnMitt) , vol. 43, 1920, p. 3 f.
29. ↑ Horst-Rüdiger Jarck: Quakenbrück. From the border fortress to the commercial center. P. 9.
30. ^ Hermann Rothert: The settlement of the district of Bersenbrück. A contribution to the settlement history of north-west Germany. Publications of the Historical Commission for the Province of Westphalia. Quakenbrück 1924, p. 64.
31. ↑ Horst-Rüdiger Jarck: Quakenbrück. From the border fortress to the commercial center. P. 10 f.
32. ^ Church parish St. Sylvester.
33. ↑ Archive of the former Franciscan residence, today owned by the St. Marien Congregation Quakenbrück, archive signature: A, p. 8 and 27.
34. ↑ Copy of a petition from the Quakenbrück Council on New Year's 1636 on an instruction from the Swedish Field Marshal Dodo von Knyphausen , archive of the former Franciscan residence, today owned by the St. Marien Congregation Quakenbrück, archive signature: A, p. 27.
35. ↑ Archive of the former Franciscan residence, today owned by the St. Marien Congregation Quakenbrück, archive signature: F, Paquetum 7, no. 13, pp. 16–20.
36. ↑ ^{a b} City Museum: Quakenbrücker Zinn. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 7, 2009 ; Retrieved September 10, 2012 . 
37. ^ From the book: Lower Saxony , pp. 134–150. Ellert & Richter Verlag, Hamburg 2006. ISBN 3-8319-0265-8
38. ^ Friedrich-Wilhelm Schaer, Albrecht Eckhardt: Duchy and Grand Duchy of Oldenburg in the Age of Enlightened Absolutism (1883–1847) , in: History of the Land of Oldenburg. Oldenburg 1987. ISBN 3-87358-285-6 , p. 289.
39. ↑ Osnabahn.de: KBS 392/394, The Oldenburger Südbahn. Retrieved September 10, 2012 . 
40. ↑ Heiko Bockstiegel: The Iron Burgmann in the town hall of Quakenbrück. in: Heimat-Jahrbuch Osnabrücker Land 1980, p. 54ff.
41. ^ Friedrich W. Rogge: Quakenbrücks way into the Third Reich. In: H.-R. Jarck (ed.): Quakenbrück. From the border fortress to the commercial center. Pp. 460-489.
42. ^ Christian Peters, National Socialist Enforcement of Power in Small Towns. A comparative study on Quakenbrück and Heide / Holstein, Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2015, pp. 383–408.
43. ↑ Heiko Bockstiegel: The air base in Quakenbrück. Quakenbrück City Museum 1993.
44. ^ Theodor Penners: The Jewish community in Quakenbrück. In: Quakenbrück. From the border fortress to the commercial center. Pp. 490-509.
45. ↑ Stumbling blocks. Artland community , accessed on November 11, 2019 . 
46. ↑ Fredy Gareis: The little luck of Quakenbrück. In: Der Tagesspiegel . June 22, 2007, accessed September 10, 2012 . 
47. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 275 .
48. ^ Samtgemeinde Artland - result of the city council election Quakenbrück 2016
49. ^ Samtgemeinde Artland - result of the city council election Quakenbrück 2016
50. ↑ State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony, Table 5000311
51. ↑ Landkreis Osnabrück, official final results of the district election on September 9, 2001 ( Memento from May 25, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 528 kB)
52. ^ The local elections for the district of Osnabrück on September 11, 2011 (also includes 2006 results). (PDF; 8.0 MB; p. 20, column “Municipal elections ”) Osnabrück district, accessed on March 6, 2016 . 
53. ^ Election fraud: charges against left-wing politician. NDR.de, October 24, 2018, accessed on July 23, 2019 . 
54. ↑ Announcement on the re-determination of the final election results of the local elections to the Quakenbrück City Council. (PDF) Samtgemeinde Artland, March 7, 2017, accessed on July 23, 2019 . 
55. ↑ Klemens Stadler: Deutsche Wappen, vol. 5. Bremen 1970.
56. ^ Main statute for the city of Quakenbrück. (PDF; 106 kB) (No longer available online.) City of Quakenbrück, December 11, 2001, archived from the original on February 9, 2009 ; Retrieved September 10, 2012 . 
57. ↑ The coat of arms (approx. 5.5 × 4 cm) comes from the Deutsche Ortswappen series of HandelsAG Kaffee HAG Bremen, approx. 1926. Design by Otto Hupp .
58. ↑ Internet presence of the Conwayer toad festival.
59. ^ Bockstiegel, Böning: 750 years of Quakenbrück.
60. ↑ Note: see the EUREGIO website ( Memento of the original from December 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
61. ↑ Joint municipality of Artland
62. ^ Matthias Rickling: Osnabrück from A to Z: Interesting facts in 1500 key words about history, art and culture. ISBN 3-402-06554-1 . P. 411
63. ↑ Internet presence of the theater workshop.
64. ↑ Schedule of the Quakenbrücker Kulturring.
65. ↑ Internet presence of the Schauburg film theater
66. ^ Prices of the Lower Saxony Film Office.
67. ↑ Website of the city museum.
68. ↑ Wüst et al .: Das Artland: cultural treasure in the northwest.
69. ↑ ^{a b} music festivals in Lower Saxony. (PDF; 535 kB) (No longer available online.) Lower Saxony Ministry for Science and Culture, November 2002, p. 43 f. , archived from the original on January 18, 2005 ; Retrieved September 10, 2012 . 
70. ↑ Jarck (Ed.): Quakenbrück. From the border fortress to the commercial center. Pp. 176-186.
71. ↑ Richard Bindel: News about the Guilds of the City of Quakenbrück. In: Program of the Realgymnasium Quakenbrück, H. 342, 1895, pp. 3–26.
72. ↑ State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony, jump picture 3.
73. ↑ Helmut Ottenjann: On the building, economic and social structure of Artland in the 18th and 19th centuries. Schuster Verlag 1979, ISBN 3-7963-0168-1 . P. 1.
74. ↑ Statistical Reports Lower Saxony: Agricultural Structure Survey 2003 , p. 58. ( Memento of the original from February 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 449 kB) 
75. ↑ Statistical Reports Lower Saxony: Agricultural Structure Survey 2003 , p. 77. ( Memento of the original from February 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 449 kB) 
76. ↑ State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony, jump picture 2.
77. ↑ "With Tempo 250 Into a New Age" . In: Der Spiegel . No. 43 , 1984 ( online ).
78. ↑ - ( Memento of the original from August 14, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
79. ↑ Zweckverband Erholungsgebiet Hasetal: Cycling with a difference ... with the draisine on the rail ( memento of the original from December 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
80. ^ Artland community: cycling in Artland
81. ↑ Sport fishing association e. V. Quakenbrück: Gewässer ( Memento of the original dated November 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
82. ↑ Internet presence of the local newspaper Volltreffer
83. ↑ Internet presence of the Christian Hospital Quakenbrück.
84. ↑ Richard Bindel: History of the college in Quakenbrück. Buchdr. by H. Buddenberg, 1904. p. 23.

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on February 14, 2009 in this version .