Gehrde
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Coordinates: 52 ° 34 ' N , 8 ° 1' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Lower Saxony | |
| County : | Osnabrück | |
| Joint municipality : | Bersenbrück | |
| Height : | 32 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 36.37 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 2533 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 70 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 49596 | |
| Area code : | 05439 | |
| License plate : | OS , BSB, MEL, WTL | |
| Community key : | 03 4 59 018 | |
| LOCODE : | DE GQE | |
| Community structure: | 5 districts | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Lange Strasse 49 49596 Gehrde |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Günther Voskamp ( Greens ) | |
| Location of the community of Gehrde in the district of Osnabrück | ||
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Gehrde is a municipality within the combined municipality of Bersenbrück in the north of the Osnabrück district in Lower Saxony .
geography
location
Gehrde is located in Artland . The hare roams the municipality in the northwest.
Geology and hydrogeology
Gehrde is located in the North German Plain . The area around Gehrde consists mainly of glazio-fluvial deposits, which consist primarily of loamy and sandy deposits from the Pleistocene . Boreholes showed that the top soil layer is approximately 5–7 m thick. This layer is underlain by an approx. 10 m thick loamy and marl-like sediment layer. Sandy layers at a depth of 25–30 m form a high-yield aquifer for pumping groundwater . The top aquifer is at a depth of 2–6 m.
climate
Temperate maritime climate influenced by humid northwest winds from the North Sea. On a long-term average, the air temperature in Gehrde reaches 8.5 to 9.0 ° C and around 700 mm of precipitation falls. Between May and August, an average of 20 to 25 summer days (climatological term for days on which the maximum temperature exceeds 25 ° C) can be expected.
Neighboring communities
Gehrde borders Badbergen in the north, Bersenbrück in the west, Rieste in the south and Neuenkirchen-Vörden and Holdorf (both districts of Vechta ) in the east .
Community structure
Parish parts:
- Village Gehrde - seat of the municipal administration
- Farmers Gehrde
- Big Drehle
- Light (small-light and large-light)
- Klein Drehle
- Rüsfort
history
Emergence
The peasantry Gehrde was 977 as Girithi mentioned in a document Emperor Otto II. The first time. The district of Drehle was already mentioned in 973 as a trele mention in an imperial certificate from Otto I. The district of Rüsfort was mentioned in documents in 880. Helle has appeared in the sources since 1309 and Klein Drehle since 1350. The village of Gehrde was founded around 1251.
According to the name historian Jürgen Udolph , the place name Gehrde in its oldest form as girithi indicates Germanic roots in terms of linguistic history. It is assumed that the continuous settlement of the Gehrder area goes back to the time of the Great Migration at the beginning of the early Middle Ages (6th century).
It was not until 880 that a district of Gehrde (today Rüsfort) was first mentioned in the Werdener Urbar (tax list for the Reichsabtei Werden, today Essen an der Ruhr) with hriasforda . At that time, Rüsfort was a stop on the monks' route to the northeast in the Lerigau. 885/886 Vikings came to Rüsfort, which lies on the Hase, to plunder. For example, they came to Duisburg in 885 . They also drove up the Ems and the Hase and came across Rüsfort.
The area around Gehrde then became a regional center of power. The Lords of Rüsfort, who were mentioned in a document in 977, owned large areas on the eastern bank of the Middle Hase. Including Drehle, Gehrde and Wehdel. The property was so important that Otto the Great paid a visit to the area in 973 and had a certificate made out in Drehle (treli). This was remembered in 2013 with a festival in Groß Drehle.
With the written mentions of 880, 885/6, 973, 977 there are four testimonies from the time before 1000. There is no rural settlement in northwest Germany that has such a dense tradition from this distant time.
At this time the area was still sparsely populated with three hamlet-like groups of farmsteads (treli, girithi and hriasforda). There will hardly have been more than six main residences per hamlet. There was also a fortified main courtyard, roughly where the war memorial on Langen Strasse is today. There was also a half-timbered chapel as a so-called own church of the Lords of Rüsfort, who lived there. Today's village of Gehrde and its church did not yet exist.
middle Ages
Gehrde did not come into being until after 1225. At that time, the responsible landlords no longer lived in the main courtyard on Langen Strasse, but had moved their residence to a "castle" near a brook, which they had dammed, so that they were not only protected by a moat to be, but also to be able to run a water mill.
With the expansion of the settlement, the Rüsfort gentlemen founded a parish church. This wooden structure was already where the church stands today. A settlement of craftsmen and traders developed along the axis of the castle (at the end of Feldstrasse) and the church, from which today's village of Gehrde developed very slowly.
One focus was on the edge of the cemetery that had been laid out around the church. These huts later became churchyard granaries, which later became houses. They stand on the south side of the church, which was built from stone in the second half of the 14th century.
The stones of the church, which come from the quarries near Üffeln, were probably transported to Gehrde by water. During foundation work in the 1990s, a wide trench profile came to light directly at the churchyard. Another mill can be documented there.
The Gehrder area used to be largely a water landscape, similar to the Spreewald . Large areas were repeatedly flooded and fields could only be created on a few higher "islands".
19th century
Craftsmen (e.g. tobacco spinners, dyers, bakers) and traders (yarn buyers, cattle dealers) lived in the village of Gehrde who had hardly any land to cultivate. They were independent and free, while almost all rural residents belonged to the noble landlords. Nevertheless, since the end of the Thirty Years' War, the population grew steadily, so that people had to live in barns, bakeries and peat huts. Only after 1830 did they have the opportunity to emigrate to the USA. Thousands left the Gehrder area in the following hundred years. Today, descendants of the emigrants keep coming to Gehrde and looking for their roots.
In New York there were many immigrants from Gehrde that a Gehrder club and a Gehrder rifle club were founded there, in which Low German was spoken. Almost all Gehrder families had relatives in the United States. Some families from Gehrden got rich in the USA, like the Schulte family from Rüsfort, who owned large parts of the city of San Francisco until the expropriation in 1917.
Magnificent farmhouses were built in Gehrden in the 19th century, which today shape the image of the rich Artland in terms of tourism. The majority of the population lived in cramped conditions in small wage houses, like the servants, who usually had their bedroom above the horse stables.
On the occasion of the 400th birthday of Martin Luther , a Luther oak was planted, under whose canopy of leaves a service with the theme “500th anniversary of the Reformation” took place in June 2017.
On June 10, 1895, a severe hail storm hit the village of Gehrde and Rüsfort. The current Bersenbrücker district Talge and the Badberg district Langen were also affected.
20th century
The poor conditions gradually improved in the first half of the 20th century. The stream of refugees and displaced persons , which also reached Gehrde after 1945, caused similar living conditions to arise again. The group of refugees replaced the group of prisoners of war and forced laborers who had been employed in agriculture in large numbers during the Second World War.
There were only a few Jews in Gehrde. The Jewish cattle dealer Hermann van Pels emigrated with his family to Amsterdam under the pressure of circumstances during the Nazi era . There the Pels family became neighbors of Anne Frank .
Like all of Artland , Gehrde was "conquered" by the Nazis early on. Open resistance is not known. The school teachers in particular were very loyal to the line and contributed to the indoctrination of the population. Anyone who listened to enemy channels, such as the Twelbeck family, ran the risk of being reported in Gehrde. Nevertheless, the registrar Twelbeck was brave enough to help people to an "Aryan grandmother" in various cases.
At the end of World War II, shortly before the British invaded, all community files were burned by a group of SS in the local mill. Only a few Gehrders were sent to the British re-education camps after 1945.
With the beginning of the economic miracle, there was also a strong migration to industrial centers in Gehrde. This created a great deal of pressure to machine and rationalize in the agricultural sector. Only a few farms survived this process in Gehrde. Many small businesses in the village also had to give up. The predominantly rural settlement has turned into a diverse population.
Incorporations
On July 1, 1972, the municipalities Groß Drehle, Helle, Klein Drehle and Rüsfort were incorporated.
Population development
The following overview shows the population of Gehrde in the respective territories and as of December 31st.
The figures are updates by the State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony based on the census of May 25, 1987 .
The data from 1961 (June 6) and 1970 (May 27) are the census results including the places that were incorporated on July 1, 1972.
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Religions
The church originally belonged to Ankum. At the beginning of the 13th century it was given its own chapel, which was looked after by a vicar from Ankum. Until its dissolution, the patronage rights lay with the Bersenbrück monastery, then with the sovereign. In the capitulatio perpetua of 1650, which finally regulated the denominational relationships in the bishopric of Osnabrück , Gehrde was assigned to the Lutheran denomination.
The Gothic St. Christophorus Church was built from Ueffeln sandstone in the 14th century, and the choir was expanded in 1822. The triple-tiered hood of the west tower dates from 1740.
politics
Municipal council
The parish council currently has 13 members from four parties or groups. Günter Voskamp was elected as the first Green Mayor in the Osnabrück district. There are two committees: Finance, Infrastructure and Economics Committee (chaired by Michael Lange). Committee for Social Affairs and Culture (chair: Elke Hölscher-Uchtmann). The last local election took place on September 11, 2016.
The following table shows the local election results since 1996.
| Council of the community of Gehrde: election results and community councils | |||||||||||||||||||
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| CDU | SPD | Green | FDP | UWGB 1 |
Individual applicants |
Others | total | electoral participation |
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| Electoral term | % |
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| 1996-2001 | 63.8 | 8th | 22.8 | 2 | 13.4 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 100 | 11 | 73.3 | ||
| 2001-2006 | 58.8 | 8th | 30.2 | 4th | 9.0 | 1 | 2.0 | 0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 100 | 13 | 64.8 | ||
| 2006-2011 | 41.3 | 5 | 17.9 | 2 | 18.9 | 3 | - | - | 21.9 | 3 | - | - | - | - | 100 | 13 | 58.1 | ||
| 2011-2016 | 32.82 | 4th | 19.95 | 3 | 25.52 | 3 | - | - | 21.71 | 3 | - | - | - | 100 | 13 | 58.88 | |||
| 2016-2021 | 30.24 | 4th | 18.46 | 2 | 25.14 | 3 | - | - | 26.15 | 4th | - | - | - | 100 | 13 | 51.15 | |||
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Percentages rounded. Sources: State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony, District Osnabrück. In the case of different information in the sources mentioned, the data from the State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology were used, as they are generally more plausible. 1 Gehrde / Bersenbrück independent voter community |
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mayor
- Since 2011 Günther Voskamp (Greens)
- 2008–2011 Wilhelm Kröger (CDU)
- 1976-2008 Hermann Specht (CDU, later UWGB)
Parish partnership
traffic
The federal highway B 214 crosses the municipality from southwest to northeast. Most of the sights in the municipality are accessible via the Artland Route holiday route . There are bus connections from the Verkehrsgemeinschaft Osnabrück from Gehrde to Bersenbrück.
Sons and daughters of the church
- Hermann van Pels (1898–1944), father of Peter van Pels - friend of Anne Frank, victim of the Holocaust
- Gerhard Rudolf Twelbeck (1815–1896), businessman, technology pioneer, mayor, regional historian
- Gerhard Twelbeck (1868–1966), railway engineer, regional historian
- Gerdrolf Twelbeck (1904–1958), businessman, legal scholar, genealogist
- Georg von der Espenhorst (1562–1615), head of the school at the Imperial Court in Prague; In 1607 Emperor Rudolf II raised it to the imperial nobility
- Dietrich Espenhorst (1557–1611), canon in Lübeck, dean of St. Johann in Osnabrück, trained in Osnabrück and Rome
- Jürgen Espenhorst (~ 1520–1598), pastor, reformer in Artland (Gehrde, Quakenbrück)
literature
- Community of Gehrde (ed.): 1000 years of Gehrde in Artland. Festschrift . Gehrde community, Gehrde 1977.
- Jürgen Espenhorst: Back in the past: new aspects of the development of rural settlements, Rüsfort im Artland - 890 - 1990 . Historical Gehrde Funding Association, Gehrde 1990.
- Gerhard Rudolf Twelbeck: Stock book for the parish Gehrde in the office of Bersenbrück . Extended reprint of the original edition from 1867. Edited by Otto Burzlaff, Jürgen Espenhorst and Gustav Twelbeck, Schwerte 1998.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019 ( help ).
- ↑ Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung, online edition from June 18, 2017 , accessed on April 3, 2018
- ^ Wilhelm Voskamp: Osnabrücker Land 1995 Heimatbuch . Ed .: Heimatbund Osnabrücker Land eV (= Osnabrücker Land Heimatbuch ). Steinbacher Druck GmbH, 1994, ISSN 0171-2136 , p. 394 .
- ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 253 .
- ↑ http://www1.nls.niedersachsen.de/statistik/html/parametereingabe.asp?DT=K1000014&CM=Bev%F6lkerungsfortschreibung ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony, population update
- ↑ http://wahlen.itebo.de/komw2016/bersenbrueck/459102_000080/index.html Internet site of the joint municipality of Bersenbrück on the municipal election in Gehrde
- ↑ State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony, Table 5000311
- ↑ Landkreis Osnabrück, official final results of the district election on September 9, 2001 ( Memento from May 25, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 516 kB)
- ^ The local elections for the district of Osnabrück on September 11, 2011 (also includes 2006 results). (PDF 8.0 MB) Landkreis Osnabrück, p. 33 , accessed on March 6, 2016 (column "Municipal elections ").
- ↑ https://www.noz.de/artikel/56523/gunther-voskamp-einstimmig-zum-neuen-burgermeister-in-gehrde-gewahlt NOZ on November 12, 2011: "Günther Voskamp unanimously elected as the new mayor in Gehrde" ; accessed on April 9, 2018
- ↑ https://www.noz.de/artikel/56207/gehrder-gemeinderat-verendunget-burgermeister-wilhelm-kroger NOZ on November 12, 2011: "Gehrder municipal council adopts mayor Wilhelm Kröger"; accessed on April 9, 2018
- ↑ http://www.bersenbrueck.de/magazin/artikel.php?artikel=3528&type=2&menuid=98&topmenu=3001&date=2015-06-19 Hermann Specht, 79 years old, student at the Gehrder elementary school from 1945 to 1951. Mayor of Gehrde from 1976 to 2008; accessed on April 9, 2018
- ↑ https://www.noz.de/artikel/143698/gehrde-zehn-jahre-part Partnerschaft-mit-widuchowa#gallery&0&0&143698 NOZ on January 20, 2012: "Gehrde: Ten years of partnership with Widuchowa"; accessed on April 9, 2018
Alfhausen | Ankum | Bad food | Bad Iburg | Bad Laer | Bad Rothenfelde | Badbergen | Belm | Mountains | Bersenbrück | Tapping | Bissendorf | Boiled | Bramsche | Dissen at the Teutoburg Forest | Eggermühlen | Fürstenau | Gehrde | Georgsmarienhütte | Glandorf | Hagen am Teutoburg Forest | Hasbergen | Hilter at the Teutoburg Forest | Kettenkamp | Melle | Menslage | Merzen | Neuenkirchen | Nortrup | Ostercappeln | Quakenbrück | Rieste | Voltage | Wallenhorst