Belm

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 52 ° 18 '  N , 8 ° 8'  E
Basic data
State :	Lower Saxony
County :	Osnabrück
Height :	81 m above sea level NHN
Area :	46.66 km 2
Residents:	13,788 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	295 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	49191
Area code :	05406
License plate :	OS , BSB, MEL, WTL
Community key :	03 4 59 008
Community structure:	5 parts of the community
Address of the municipal administration:	Marktring 13 49191 Belm
Website :	www.belm.de
Mayor :	Viktor Hermeler (independent)
Location of the municipality of Belm in the district of Osnabrück

Belm is a municipality in the district of Osnabrück in Lower Saxony . Belm heard as a suburban community of the city of Osnabrück for metropolitan Osnabrück .

geography

Geographical location

Belm is located in the Osnabrücker Land on the southern foothills of the Wiehengebirge and in the northeastern part of the Osnabrück hill country in the middle of the nature and geopark TERRA.vita . With the Nette and the Belmer Bach, two tributaries of the Hase flow through the municipality.

geology

Geologically, the entire region is interesting: Various geological ages from the Triassic to the Neogene can be found in a relatively small area. So there are layers of black chalk in the section of the Wiehengebirge belonging to the northern municipality area , while marl layers predominate in the districts of Belm and Haltern . In between are areas for its wealth of Saale ice age - boulders as the Gattberg are known.

climate

Belm is climatically shaped by the transitional climate of the moderate climate zone between the maritime climate of the North Sea coast and the continental climate of the south and east. But the influence of the Atlantic with its Gulf Stream is still greater than that of the Eurasian continental mass. This means that the winters are usually less cool and the summers less hot than, for example, in Hanover or even Berlin . The prevailing westerly winds ensure a regular influx of moisture.

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Belm Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Temperature ( ° C ) 0.9 1.4 4.1 7.7 12.3 15.4 16.8 16.5 13.5 9.7 5.0 2.1 O 8.8 Precipitation ( mm ) 75 55 65 57 69 82 73 72 66 60 76 85 Σ 835 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1 2 3 5 6th 6th 6th 6th 4th 3 2 1 O 3.8 Source: Belm Weather Station - German Weather Service, climate data mean values: 1961 to 1990

Neighboring communities

The community borders in the north on Bramsche , in the east on Ostercappeln , in the southeast on Bissendorf , in the southwest and west on the independent city of Osnabrück (districts: Darum / Gretesch / Lüstringen , Widukindland , Dodesheide and Haste ) and in the northwest on Wallenhorst .

Wallenhorst 12 km	Narrower 13 km	Ostercappeln 9 km
Osnabrück 9 km		Bad Essen 16 km
Lengerich 30 km	Oesede Abbey 15 km	Bissendorf 10 km

Community structure

The community is divided into the following districts: Belm (-Powe), Icker, Haltern (-Wellingen) and Vehre.

District	Size (km²)	Residents	Inhabitants / km²
Belm (incl. Powe)	20.1	9373	466
Haltern (including Wellingen)	10.2	625	61
Icker	10.4	1089	104
Vehres	15.8	2928	185

Belm

Today's center Belm, which gave the municipality its name, arose from the merger of the municipalities (Old) Belm and Powe . It is the largest part of the community in terms of population; the actual community center with town hall, school and sports center, shops, shopping centers, industrial and craft businesses is also located here. Until the bypass was completed in 2019, the place was divided from north-east to south-west by federal highway 51 . A large part of the industrial companies and shopping centers have settled in this area, while the residential areas with all cultural and social facilities as well as smaller shops and restaurants extend south of it. The market square in front of the town hall is the scene of the Belmer Cultural Summer for eight weeks every summer and the weekly market that takes place every Thursday.

Icker

Icker is a district in the municipality of Belm in the Osnabrücker Land , which is known, among other things, for three sinkholes :

Icker hole

The first sinkhole (the "Icker Kuhle") occurred in 1411. The second sinkhole, the "Icker Kolk " ("unfathomable Kolk", "baseless Kolk") existed from about 1564 to 1864 and then disappeared again.

The third sinkhole occurred on April 22, 1782. It was reportedly announced with "violent rushing like a whirlwind and strong hailstorm under the earth" . Towards evening the “Icker Loch” had a diameter of about 15 m. After another two weeks it was almost twice as big. The Icker Loch still exists today and is still around 20-25 m in diameter. According to tradition, the hole is said to be 40 meters deep and a carriage is said to have sunk in it. In 2012, divers from the Lower Saxony police investigated the deepening while searching for a stolen safe and found a water depth of 2.2 m. The Icker Loch is located near the former Icker Kolks, but not in the Belmer area, but a few meters west of the border with the municipality of Wallenhorst .

Vehres

Old Vehrter train station

The district of Vehre in the municipality of Belm is located about 12 km northeast of Osnabrück and about 6.5 km north of Belm on the southern slope of the wooded Wiehen Mountains. In contrast to many other places in the region, it is not a transit settlement. The Vehrter train station is at an altitude of 127 m above sea level. NN . outside the settlement. Vehre is the largest part of Belm in terms of area.

To the northeast, the district borders directly on Schwagstorf , to the northwest on Venne (both municipality of Ostercappeln ). The west borders on the Belmer district of Icker, the east on the district of Haltern and the south on the district of Powe. The former Astrup estate with its Astrup Castle, built in the 19th century and demolished in 1955, also belongs to Vehre .

Most of the residents live in Vehre-Nord, a residential area that was primarily created after the Second World War along the Wittekindsweg in the east and Bergstrasse in the west. The Wiehengebirge - long-distance hiking trail Wittekindsweg , the DiVa Walk and the road of megalithic culture lead here through the Belm municipality.

Vehre is geologically interesting, as various traces of the earth's history can still be found in the place. In the Neolithic Age, several large stone graves were created, such as the large stone graves near Vehre (the "Devil's Backtrough" and the "Devil's Oven") from the boulders or menhirs that can still be seen today such as the Süntelstein or the butter stone in the "Stone Sea" on the Gattberg which are often found in the region as a remnant of the Saale Ice Age . Furthermore loess soils can be found in depressions as remnants of the Weichselian glacial period .

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  Large stone grave in Vehre:
  Devil's dough trough

• 

  Large stone grave in Vehre:
  Devil's oven

• 

  Süntelstein in Vehre

• 

  Butterstein in Vehrter Gattberg

• 

  Nice tributary in Vehre

• 

  Wetland of the Nette in Vehre at the train station

The black chalk pit is a natural monument . It was formed from digested sludge millions of years ago and was still mined and exported into the 20th century. Black chalk is a charred oil shale

The districts of Vehre and Icker are both on the Nette .

Haltern-Wellingen

Sloop stones from holders

Haltern and Wellingen form the smallest district and are located in the eastern part of the municipality. The Sloop stones from Haltern are an interesting sight . In Wellingen, directly on the border between Belm and Bissendorf (by post), there is the 18-hole course of the Osnabrück golf club.

history

Archaeological finds testify to a settlement history that has lasted for more than 5000 years. Tools of the people of the Middle and the Nordic megalithic architecture of the Neolithic (as an example the Sloop stones in Haltern), vessels of the Teutons , here above all the Brukterer , Chasuarier and Cherusker , coins of the Romans , stories about Widukind and his wife Geva from Carolingian Time , Belm belonged to the Gau Threcwithi (area Osnabrück and Tecklenburg ), they all left their mark on the municipality. Belm's actual story did not begin until after Charlemagne , as evidenced by the founding of Belmer Mühle around 840. Today's municipality of Belm includes most of the old parish of Belm (a noble church) that was built in the 9th century. To it belonged the farming communities Icker (1090 first mentioned as Ickari ), Vehre (1050 first mentioned as Fariti ), Powe, Haltern and Wellingen as well as Gretesch , Darum and Lüstringen . From this emerged in the 11th century the four independent mark cooperatives Haltern-Wellingen, Vehre-Powe, Icker and Darum-Gretesch-Lüstringen.

The place was first mentioned at the end of the 12th century under the name Belehem. Later it became Belehm (1224), then Belham (1483) and finally Belm. In 1853, the farmers merged to form the Belm municipality. In 1968 the municipalities of Belm and Powe merged voluntarily. In the course of the territorial reform of 1972, today's municipality of Belm emerged from the previous municipalities of Belm, Haltern, Icker, Powe and Vehre. The historical center of the old town center of Belm is the Catholic Church of St. Dionysius (mid-13th century), built in the transition style from Romanesque to Gothic. The current mill was built in 1899.

It should be noted that, due to a resolution of the Peace of Westphalia, the confession of the pastors from 1624 was decisive for the denomination of the community, Belm remained Catholic, although about 90 percent of the residents were Protestants. Pastor Hoetmar professed his Catholic faith at that time. It was not until 1812 that Napoleon I gave the Protestants permission from Moscow to build a church.

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  Late Romanesque Catholic parish church of St. Dionysius (built around 1230) with interesting sculptures from the workshop of the Master of Osnabrück

• 

  Baptismal font in Saint Dionysius

• 

  Evangelical Lutheran Christ Church
  (built 1815–1819)

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  Old water mill on the Tie, probably founded around 840

On 6 August 2001, a milled tornado of strength F1 / F2 right through the center of the community a six kilometer long and 50 meters wide swath. The total damage was over 5 million DM.

Incorporations

In 1968 the parishes of Belm and Powe were merged. On July 1, 1972, Haltern, Icker and Vehre were incorporated.

Population development

year	1939	1950	1961	1970	1980	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2011	2013	2015	2017	2018
Residents	3,977	6,350	6,353	8,559	10,617	11,824	14,359	14,012	13,818	13,583	13,516	13,553	13,581	13,729	13,888

The figures are based on information from the municipality of Belm (until 1980) and the State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony .

Religions

• Evangelical-Lutheran: 5497 inhabitants
• Roman Catholic: 5385 inhabitants
• Reformed: 175 inhabitants
• Others: 3288 inhabitants

politics

Municipal council

The parish council currently has 26 members from four parties or groups. The mayor is also the chairman of the council with voting rights.

The following table shows the local election results since 1996:

Belm municipality council: election results and municipal councils
	CDU		SPD		Green		FDP		UWG		Individual applicants		Others		total		electoral participation
Electoral term	%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%		%
1996-2001	46.7	16	29.5	9	5.7	1	1.7	0	15.4	5	0.9	0	-	-	100	31	66.7
2001-2006	51.7	16	28.2	9	3.9	1	2.6	0	13.6	4th	-	-	-	-	100	30th	57.4
2006-2011	48.4	13	30.5	8th	8.0	2	3.4	1	9.7	2	-	-	-	-	100	26th	51.3
2011-2016	41.7	11	30.6	8th	15.6	4th	1.0	0	10.6	3	0.4	0	-	-	100	26th	49.7
2016-2021	42.6	11	29.4	8th	12.1	3	3.4	1	12.6	3	-	-	-	-	100	26th	51.5
Percentages rounded. Sources: State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony, District Osnabrück. In the case of different information in the sources mentioned, the data from the State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology were used, as they are generally more plausible.

mayor

The mayor's office has been full-time since 2001.

• 1967–1976: Heinrich Meyer-Osterhus ( CDU )
• 1976–1989: Ludwig Glüsenkamp (CDU)
• 1989–2013: Bernhard Wellmann (CDU)
• since 2013: Viktor Hermeler (independent)

In the direct election on September 22, 2013 Viktor Hermeler received 67.54 percent of the votes cast. The turnout was 69.15 percent. The term of office began on November 1, 2013.

coat of arms

Belmer coat of arms

The silver background represents the gray of the Süntelstein, while the cross indicates its vertical and horizontal crack in the stone and the centuries-long rule of the Bishop of Osnabrück. The red boiler hook refers to a family of landowners formerly based in Belm. Furthermore, the colors silver and black represent the city of Osnabrück and the colors red and black represent the Diocese of Osnabrück .

Town twinning

The municipality of Belm currently maintains one domestic and two international partnerships .

• Parents
• Kolno
• Englewood

Since September 14, 2004 there has been an official town partnership with the town of Elterlein in the Ore Mountains . The friendly relationships are based on first contacts in the 1950s. A second partnership was concluded on May 26, 2006 with the Kolno municipality in Poland. Kolno (formerly Groß Köllen) is located in the district of Olsztyn (formerly Allenstein) in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship . The third partnership was officially formed on July 26, 2007 in Englewood , Colorado . Englewood is a suburb in southern Denver .

Culture, sport and events

Culture

• BiKult e. V.

BiKult means "Association for Education and Culture in Belm". He organizes courses and seminars at the Belmer Kreisvolkshochschule as well as a large number of cultural offers such as trips, visits to exhibitions and creative leisure activities of all kinds.

• Belmer-Mühle e. V.

The association is dedicated to the preservation of the historic “Belmer Mühle” building and the associated mill technology and provides rooms for events and art exhibitions. It also offers demonstrations of mill technology on the occasion of the German Milling Day as well as for schools, kindergartens and other groups.

Belm is also the seat of the radio station Radio Marabu .

music

• Musikcorps Belm eV

The nationally known association is dedicated to brass music with a wide repertoire of marches, potpourries, polka, waltz hits, evergreens, modern songs, atmospheric songs, carnival hits, blues and jazz, music for festive occasions and Christmas carols. A highlight of the association's work is the annual participation in the school and Veedels parade at the Cologne carnival.

Buildings

• Belmer Mühle, founded around 840, last new building in 1899
• Romanesque - Gothic church of Saint Dionysius (mid-13th century)
• Evangelical Lutheran Christ Church , built 1815–1819
• Schinkelturm , a 158 meter high telecommunications tower directly on the Belmer border on Osnabrück ground

Nature reserves and natural monuments

• Nature reserve "Steinernes Meer" with the Gattberg
• Sinkhole "Icker Loch"
• Belmer Mergelkuhle
• Black chalk pit in Vehre
• Nature and Geopark TERRA.vita
• Oak with a chest height of 6.50 m (2016)

Sports

• Bujinkan Ninpo e. V.

• Motor-Sport Vehre e. V. in ADAC
  • Antique car
  • slalom
• Sports association Concordia Belm-Powe e. V.
  • badminton
  • basketball
  • Soccer
  • gymnastics
  • Handball
  • karate
  • rope skipping
  • To dance
  • Table tennis
  • do gymnastics
  • volleyball

• Games and Sports Vehre e. V.
  • Boules
  • Soccer
  • athletics
  • Orienteering
  • TaeKwonDo
  • To dance
  • tennis
  • do gymnastics
  • volleyball

• Tennis Club Belm e. V.
  • Boules
  • tennis

Regular events

One series of events is the so-called “Belmer Kultursommer”. From the first Friday in July to the last Friday in August there is a varied music program "outside and free". The cooperation partner of the Belmer cultural summer has been the Gasthaus Lecon since 2010, which also offers a wide range of music programs on changing dates during the summer months with "Lecons music evenings".

Another event is the Belmer Fire Brigade Festival, which takes place every year from April 30th to May 1st with a big “Dance into May”. On the second Sunday in September, the Motor-Sport-Vehre association organizes its “Oldtimer Rally” with many participants from the area and historic vehicles that are well worth seeing. For more than a hundred years, the second weekend in October has been all about the Belmer Kirmes.

On the first weekend in September, the "Forum Belmer Enterprises (FBU)" organizes the Belmer September market with a trade show.

The Belmer Christmas market traditionally takes place on the first weekend in Advent in the old town center. Every two years there is also a small Christmas market in the district of Vehre. Every second weekend in Advent, the Belm Music Corps invites you to an Advent concert.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

The federal highways Bundesstraße B 51 and B 65 cross the municipality on a common route (Bremer Straße) from northeast to southwest. In the area of ​​the city of Osnabrück, about 1500 meters behind the municipal boundary, they become the A 33 federal motorway to Bielefeld . This is yet to be built further decades to bridge the gap to the A 1 to close. The federal motorway A 30 Bad Oeynhausen - Amsterdam / Hengelo (Netherlands) is approx. 7 km from the municipality of Belm and thus also the feeder to the federal motorway A 1 Bremen . (12 km from the Osnabrück Süd junction to the A 1).

The Osnabrück – Bremen railway line runs through the Belmer area. However, the train station in the Belm district has been out of service since the 1950s, and the one in Vehre since the 1970s. In the meantime, however, a resumption of traffic at both locations is planned, also thanks to regional citizens' initiatives. The Belm-Mitte stop should be more central than the historic train station. It is planned to be close to the Marktkauf branch there. The stop in Belm is also part of the concept for a Münsterland S-Bahn .

In public transport Belém is by lines buses in 10-minute intervals at Osnabrück tied. Other regional buses run every hour to Icker, Vehre and Ostercappeln. With the introduction of the new planned route network from February 2020, the intention is to connect Belm with the M4 MetroBus line towards Hellern.

Jobs

On June 1, 2005, 2371 employees subject to social insurance were working in Belm.

Companies

AVO plants: administration and parts of production

Meinders & Elstermann publishing house

All shops (groceries, textiles, furniture and household goods) are available in Belm for basic supplies. In addition, Belm is the location of several larger chain stores (electronics, construction and department stores) as well as the headquarters of companies in the chemical and food industries and the publishing industry.

The larger companies with their headquarters in Belm include:

• AVO-Werke August Beisse GmbH, Gewürzwerk, over 600 employees
• Danfoss GmbH , around 50 employees
• Meinders & Elstermann GmbH & Co. KG , printing and publishing, around 170 employees
• OSNATOL-Werk GmbH & Co. KG, paint factory, around 50 employees
• Rendac Icker GmbH & Co. KG, rendering of animal carcasses
• vallo & vogler GmbH, surface finishing, around 100 employees

Other important companies for the community come from the fields of gardening and landscaping, heating / sanitary / solar, motor vehicles, mineral fountains, advertising technology and healthcare as well as supermarkets and wholesale markets.

Educational institutions

In the Belm district there is a secondary school ( Johannes-Vincke- School) with secondary and secondary schools as well as grammar school up to grade 10 including all-day courses, plus two primary schools.

There is a primary school each in the districts of Vehre and Icker . In addition, early childhood care is offered by a total of six kindergartens.

Public facilities

In accordance with the Lower Saxony specifications on the performance of the fire brigades, the municipality of Belm has a volunteer fire brigade in the form of a fire brigade . Not least because of the development of the community with a number of seven-storey houses, the fire brigade has a DLK 23-12 ; A HLF 20/16 is also available, especially for technical assistance in traffic accidents , and the TLF 16/25 is also equipped with a hydraulic rescue kit for this purpose. An ELW 1 completes the fire fighting train, which is supplemented by an LF 8 - especially for the water supply over long distances . A GW dangerous goods are also manned for the district fire brigade .

Personalities

Sons and daughters of Belm

• Hermann Grupe (1881–1949), Low German poet
• Gustav Meyer zu Belm (1889–1953), former MP ( DVP ) of the German Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
• Richard Landwehrmeyer (1929–2006), librarian
• Ingo Petzke (* 1947), German (film) scientist, filmmaker and author
• Anette Meyer zu Strohen (* 1955), German politician (CDU)
• Jonas Glüsenkamp (* 1988), German local politician ( Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen ) and second mayor of the independent city of Bamberg in Bavaria

Personalities associated with the community

• Master of Osnabrück , picture carver and sculptor of the 16th century
• Master of Belmer Andreas , picture carver and sculptor of the 16th century
• Albrecht Friedrich Ludolph Lasius (1752–1819), court preacher and consistorial president, was the first Lutheran pastor in Belm from 1812
• Johannes Vincke (1892–1975), former German Roman Catholic canon lawyer and church historian

• Friedrich Sprang (1932–2017), former presiding judge at the Federal Social Court

• Heinz Koch (* 1949), former professional footballer at VfL Osnabrück and Borussia Mönchengladbach
• Michael Lübbersmann , German politician (CDU) and former district administrator of the Osnabrück district
• Sascha Weidner (1974–2015), German photographer and artist , lived in Belm and Berlin
• Lars Schiersand (* 1975), former German professional footballer at VfL Osnabrück and von Holstein Kiel , who played for SV Concordia Belm-Powe in his youth and is now the club's coach

Honorary citizen

• Heinrich Kreutzjans (1930–2013), pastor (2007)

literature

• Hans-Günter Peters: Archaeological monuments and finds in the district of Osnabrück , Verlag August Lax, Hildesheim 1973
• Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (ed.) : Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments - Das Osnabrücker Land I , Vol. 42, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0311-4 .
• Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (Ed.): Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments - Das Osnabrücker Land II , Vol. 43, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0312-2 .
• Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (ed.): Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments - Das Osnabrücker Land III , Vol. 44, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, ISBN 3-8053-0313-0 .
• Irmgard Sprang (Ed.): Heimatbuch Belm , Vol. 1, 1980
• Belm municipality (ed.): Heimatbuch Belm , Vol. 2, 1985
• Jürgen Schlumbohm : CVs, families, farms. The farmers and hirers of the Osnabrück parish of Belm in proto-industrial times, 1650–1860, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2nd edition, Göttingen 1997, ISBN 3-525-35647-1 .
• Wilhelm Borgmeier (Ed.): Vehre from then to now , 2006
• Gerd-Ulrich Piesch: Belm in old views, Volume 1 , 1983-2010, ISBN 978-90-288-2159-0 .

Web links

Commons : Belm  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Internet presence of the municipality of Belm

Individual evidence

1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
2. ↑ Various authors: Geographische Landesaufnahme: The natural spatial units in single sheets 1: 200,000 . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1952–1994. → Online maps
   • Sheet 83/84: Osnabrück / Bentheim (Sofie Meisel 1961; 66 pages) → map (PDF, 6.6 MB)
3. ↑ German Weather Service.
4. ↑ http://www.belm.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=35&topmenu=23
5. ↑ Diving in the Icker Loch in: per police September / October 2012
6. ^ Wilhelm Borgmeier (ed.): Vehre from then to today. 2006, p. 92 ff.
7. ↑ http://www.strassedermegalithkultur.de/
8. ↑ www.stonepages.de ( Memento from June 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ).
9. ↑ www.stonepages.de ( Memento from September 10, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ).
10. ↑ www.naturpark-terravita.de .
11. ↑ http://www.belm.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=38&topmenu=23
12. ^ Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (ed.): Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments - Das Osnabrücker Land I , Vol. 42, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, pp. 145f
13. ↑ Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (ed.): Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments - Das Osnabrücker Land I , Vol. 42, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, p. 147
14. ↑ Gerd-Ulrich Piesch, On the history of the Belm community in the Middle Ages, in: Belm community (Hrsg.): Heimatbuch Belm, vol. 2, 1985, p. 9ff.
15. ^ Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (ed.): Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments - Das Osnabrücker Land I , Vol. 42, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, pp. 155–165
16. ↑ Gerd-Ulrich Piesch, On the history of the Belm community in the Middle Ages, in: Belm community (ed.): Heimatbuch Belm, Vol. 2, 1985, p. 15.
17. ^ Municipality of Belm (ed.): Heimatbuch Belm. Vol. 2, 1985, p. 94.
18. ^ Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz (ed.): Guide to prehistoric and early historical monuments - Das Osnabrücker Land II , Vol. 43, Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1979, p. 137
19. ↑ http://www.te-gen.de/index.php?id=238
20. ↑ http://www.te-gen.de/index.php?id=238
21. ↑ Irmgard Sprang (Ed.): Heimatbuch Belm , Vol. 1, 1980, p. 11.
22. ↑ www.hbol.de ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ).
23. ↑ Ilsetraud Lindemann, The Catholic Church of St. Dionysius, in: Irmgard Sprang (Ed.): Heimatbuch Belm , Vol. 1, 1980, p. 62.
24. ↑ The late Romanesque church of St. Dionysius in Belm ( Memento from March 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
25. ↑ http://www.belm.de/pics/medien/1_1222874228/Downloads.pdf
26. ↑ http://www.te-gen.de/index.php?id=238
27. ↑ Ilsetraud Lindemann, The Catholic Church of St. Dionysius, in: Irmgard Sprang (Ed.): Heimatbuch Belm , Bd. 1, 1980, p. 68ff.
28. ↑ William Imsieke, The Protestant church in Belém, in: Local Belm (ed.): Heimatbuch Belm, Vol 2, 1985, pp 209-224..
29. ^ Municipality of Belm (ed.): Heimatbuch Belm , Vol. 2, 1985, p. 210.
30. ^ Municipality of Belm (ed.): Heimatbuch Belm , Vol. 2, 1985, p. 217ff.
31. ↑ ^{a b} http://www.belmer-muehle.de/
32. ↑ http://www.naturgewalten.de/010806belm.htm
33. ↑ http://www.noz.de/lokales/osnabrueck/artikel/75150/als-der-tornado-in-belm-wutete-erinnerungen-zehn-jahre-nach-der-katastrophe
34. ^ Tornados Deutschland 2001 ( Memento from December 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
35. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 258 .
36. ↑ http://www.belm.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=35&topmenu=23&keepmenu=inactive
37. ↑ http://www.lskn.niedersachsen.de/  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
38. ↑ State Office for Statistics and Communication Technology Lower Saxony, Table 5000311
39. ↑ Landkreis Osnabrück, official final results of the district election on September 9, 2001 ( Memento from May 25, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 528 kB)
40. ^ The local elections for the district of Osnabrück on September 11, 2011 (also includes 2006 results). (PDF 8.0MB p. 46 column "Municipal elections") Osnabrück district, accessed on March 6, 2016 . 
41. ↑ Results of local elections 2011, 2006 and 2001 ( Memento of October 7, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
42. ↑ Wilhelm Borgmeier (Ed.): Vehre von then until now, 2006, p. 308f
43. ↑ http://www.belm.de/staticsite/staticsite.php?menuid=91&topmenu=23&keepmenu=inactive
44. ↑ http://www.bikult.de/ .
45. ↑ http://www.musikcorps-belm.de/
46. ^ Entry in the directory of monumental oaks . Retrieved January 10, 2017
47. ↑ Bujinkan Ninpo eV website
48. ↑ Motor-Sport Vehre website .
49. ↑ Internet presence of SV Concordia Belm-Powe e. V.
50. ↑ Internet presence of Spiel und Sport Vehre e. V.
51. ↑ Internet presence of the Tennis Club Belm e. V.
52. ↑ https://www.mw.niedersachsen.de/download/97353/Reaktivierung_von_Bahnhaltpunkte_-_Praesentation.pdf
53. ↑ https://www.noz.de/lokales/ostercappeln/artikel/1626785/deutschlandtakt-soll-bahnhalt-vehre-schub- ents
54. ↑ Kerstin Balks: A train stop in Ostercappeln is possible . Ed .: Prof. Dr. Drs. Hc Werner F. Ebke and publisher Jan Dirk Elstermann. No. 32 . Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung GmbH & Co. KG, Osnabrück October 5, 2019, p. 19 .
55. ↑ Stadtwerke Osnabrück: New bus route network starts in February 2020. Accessed on October 7, 2019 . 
56. ↑ Stadtwerke Osnabrück: The new Osnabrück bus route network. In: Stadtwerke Osnabrück. 2019, accessed on October 7, 2019 (German). 
57. ↑ www.regis-online.de .
58. ↑ Avo-Werke's website .
59. ^ Internet presence of Meinders & Elstermann .
60. ↑ Osnatol website .
61. ↑ https://www.ebundesanzeiger.de/ebanzwww/wexsservlet?session.sessionid=2775f848c98ff9a2732f7f135475b504&page.navid=detailsearchlisttodetailsearchdetail&fts_search_list.selected=a88d1d53e59ed7d6&fts_search
62. ↑ internet presence of vallo & vogler ( memento of December 25, 2011 in the internet archive ).
63. ↑ www.neue-oz.de ( Memento from February 12, 2009 in the Internet Archive ).
64. ↑ Harald Pistorius, We are all one piece VFL Osnabrück , 2000, p. 223f
65. ↑ http://www.saschaweidner.de/home.html
66. ↑ http://www.unternehmer4punkt0.de/artistpage.php?idm=19&ida=20
67. ↑ www.transfermarkt.de .