St. Marien (Quakenbrück)
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The Catholic parish church of St. Marien in Quakenbrück is a three-aisled hall church that was founded in 1652 as a monastery church of the Franciscans (OFM) and completed in 1696. It was built on the remains of a Burgmannshof , which also included a fortified tower of the medieval state castle from the 13th century.
This tower served the church as a steeple until 1873, the year the new brick tower on the gable side of the nave was completed.
The building was largely destroyed in the Second World War; the striking neo-Gothic tower was preserved. In 1950, a new building was built in the simplified form of a basilica .
Ecclesiastical and secular concerts are held regularly in the church. St. Marien is open to visitors every day as an “open church”.
Location and local conditions
On the south-eastern edge of the Quakenbrücker Marktplatz rises the Catholic parish church of St. Marien, which was rebuilt in its present form after its destruction in the Second World War in the 1950s. Only the church tower from 1873 survived the bombing raids, but plans existed until the 1990s to replace it too, as it was built in the style of the founding years, which was perceived as tasteless in the post-war years.
The Catholic community after the Reformation
During the Reformation , the St. Sylvester Church fell to the Protestant denomination under Hermann Bonnus . After the Counter-Reformation and the “Capitulatio perpetua Osnabrugensis” (Perpetual Surrender) passed after the Thirty Years War , the property of the chapter was divided between the two denominations. Among other things, the Catholic side fell to the former deanery and vicariate house, including the property, but these were bought back by the Protestant side for 762 Reichstaler . With the proceeds from the sale, the Catholic parish was allowed to build its own church, the only one that was allowed to be built in the Diocese of Osnabrück after the religious split. With the exception of Melle, where the Protestant Christians were allowed to build a new church, the denominational future of the congregations was determined; there were only a few simultaneous churches , for example in Badbergen .
This development was astonishing in that the Catholic community in Quakenbrück was very small at the time in question. In 1628 there was only one Catholic member left by the name of Huge Meyer. The further development cannot be precisely followed numerically, as the statistics obtained do not allow an exact determination of the denomination of Quakenbrück citizens. Bindel speaks of 37 Catholics in 1624, whose number rose to 150 to 200 in the next few years. At Rothert there are 100 in the period around 1600. In the clerical police order it says 1662:
- "... there are no more than 80 or now at most 90 their own church built ..."
Reliable figures are only available much later: in the 1803 census, the creed was also recorded and resulted in 1,603 Protestants and 182 Catholics. The proportion of the Catholic population increased, however: The census of 1833 showed a share of over 20 percent: of the 2,279 inhabitants, 1,799 were Lutherans, 473 Catholics and seven Reformed. According to the population register, there were 2,082 Protestant and 992 Catholic Christians in Quakenbrück in 1900.
It was not until the second half of the 20th century that the Catholic community was able to expand, partly due to the influx of resettlers. According to statistics from the Quakenbrück residents' registration office as of December 1, 2008, 5,604 Quakenbrückers were Evangelical Lutheran and 4,050 Roman Catholic.
Foundation and foundation construction
The Catholic parish used the proceeds from the sale of the goods awarded to them to buy land to build their own church. The Franciscans had settled in Quakenbrück in 1650 on behalf of Bishop Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg and built a residence to take over the pastoral care ( cura animarum ) of the few remaining Catholics. On May 3, 1651, the order bought a piece of land between the market square and the former castle, including the ruins of a former Burgmannshof with its defensive tower, from Quakenbrück citizen Albert Leuning for 1,500 Reichstaler.
The first draft for the new building was drawn up by the Franciscan Father Gerardus and shows, with pointed arched windows, a recourse to the Gothic, but the marketplace front sketched parallel to it shows a baroque gable, which was not executed. The roof turret drawn at the transition between nave and choir was finally placed on the plain and windowless west gable.
In 1652 Bishop Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg stayed in the city and laid the foundation stone "for the foundation of a Catholic church".
The completion of the church dragged on until 1696.
The Franciscans provided pastoral care in Quakenbrück until the 1820s; Until the secularization at the beginning of the 19th century, two to three priests and a lay brother usually lived in the residence , from 1820 Father Rupert Bornemann was the last Franciscan in Quakenbrück.
Furnishing
There is a relief above the entrance portal . This depicts the renunciation of the future German Emperor Heinrich VII (incorrectly referred to as "Heinrich II" in the inscription on the relief) to marry his fiancée Agnes of Bohemia , who decided to live as a nun of the Order of Poor Clares felt called to follow St. Francis . Heinrich and Agnes humbly kneel in front of the church patroness, St. Mary .
Inside the church, a number of baroque sculptures by the Quakenbrück sculptor family Jöllemann can be seen. The oldest piece is a pietà from the 14th century. There are also late baroque wooden statues of Johannes Nepomuk and Ignatius von Loyola as well as the font from the same time and a baroque Eternal Light .
When the church was consecrated in 1950, construction was still very simple and incomplete. The windows were temporary and colorless, the interior of the church painted in a simple white lime paint. Only the high main altar with tabernacle and a pulpit from the old monastery church in Thuine with communion bench and stations of the cross existed as interior fittings . An organ was not purchased until 1958; until then a harmonium accompanied the singing.
In 1962/63 the interior underwent a fundamental change with the installation of the windows and the mosaic on the choir wall by the Münster artist Manfred Espeter . At the same time, the nave was repainted, the ceiling beams were given a lime green color to match the works of art, and the Heraklith panels between them were given a layer of plaster. In 1964 the side aisles were given their stalls, and the choir stalls, which had since been removed, were purchased. Some damaged figures from the baroque furnishings of the church were preserved, which were restored in 1965. In the same year a crib by the Osnabrück artist Georg Hörnschemeyer was purchased.
In 1972 the church was redesigned, the chancel was redesigned in 1982, and the interior wooden ceiling construction was renewed in 1990.
literature
- Heinrich Böning: St. Marien Quakenbrück. Church between yesterday and tomorrow. Published for the 300 year consecration of the Catholic Church in 1996. Thoben, Quakenbrück 1996, ISBN 3-921176-77-8 .
- Ernst Bockstiegel, Heiko Bockstiegel: The St. Sylvester Church in Quakenbrück and its parish. Chronicle from the 12th to the 20th century. Thoben, Quakenbrück 1997, ISBN 3-921176-82-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ See Diocese of Osnabrück # History of the Diocese
- ↑ Richard Bindel: Spiritual Police Order of the Principality of Osnabrück from 1662. In: Communications of the Association for History and Regional Studies of Osnabrück. Vol. 46, 1924, ISSN 0179-3802 , pp. 49-141, here p. 103.
- ^ Hermann Rothert : Heimatbuch des Kreis Bersenbrück. Volume 1: History. 2nd, revised and increased edition. Kleinert, Quakenbrück 1949, p. 160.
- ↑ Richard Bindel: Spiritual Police Order of the Principality of Osnabrück from 1662. In: Communications of the Association for History and Regional Studies of Osnabrück. Vol. 46, 1924, ISSN 0179-3802 , pp. 49-141, here p. 112.
- ↑ Archive of the former Franciscan residence, today owned by the St. Marien Congregation Quakenbrück, archive signature: F, Paquetum 7, no. 13, pp. 16–20
- ^ City archives, Archivist Habich, note from "Anno 1652, June 9th."
- ↑ Franz-Josef Esser: The Saxon Franciscan Province of the Holy Cross on the eve of secularization and its history in the first half of the 19th century. (Unpublished manuscript) o. O. 1973, p. 32.
- ↑ Agnes of Bohemia, Czech name: Anežka Česká . Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints
Web links
Coordinates: 52 ° 40 ′ 32.5 " N , 7 ° 57 ′ 27.5" E