music school

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This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany and Austria . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

music school
State (s) worldwide
Type of school (general) Instrumentental, singing, dance, musical theater, musicology schools
ISCED level various
requirement talent
Duration by type
Graduation partially

A music school is an educational institution that teaches music and related arts such as dance and musical theater .

history

Music lessons have been an integral part of monastic education since the Middle Ages . The oldest explicit music schools of modern European times go back to the Jesuits , who for centuries had the obligation of schoolmasters and praeceptores in the Latin and Jesuit schools to train singers and instrumentalists in order to guarantee the musical accompaniment of church services. From the baroque period , music schools were established in many larger towns in Catholic Europe.

See also:

Today the music schools are organized throughout Europe in the umbrella organization European Music School Union  (EMU).

National

Germany

Definition of the Association of German Music Schools

The Association of German Music Schools defines the term music school as follows:

“Music schools

  • are public non-profit institutions of musical education for children, young people and adults.
  • fulfill a public educational mandate.

Quality-oriented guidelines apply to music schools in the VdM.

Music schools

  • introduce you to music.
  • stimulate musicality.
  • find and promote musical talents.
  • guide to active music-making.
  • convey lifelong joy in music.

Music schools

  • offer early musical education / basic training.
  • give qualified instrumental and vocal lessons.
  • enable making music together in orchestras, choirs and ensembles.

Lessons offered by the music schools are based on the structure plan and the framework curriculum of the VdM.

Music schools

  • have their own place in the educational structure.
  • are usually in public ownership or fulfill as e. V. a public task
  • do not replace music lessons in school.
  • make a special additional musical offer.
  • work with schools, amateur music associations, youth centers, adult education centers, churches, independent organizations and others. "

history

Music schools were initiated by Fritz Jöde in 1924 and were then referred to as youth music schools .

As early as 1897, the Lindhorst Music School was founded in the small north German town of Quakenbrück by the later town music director Heinrich Lindhorst. This facility was later continued by the son and grandson. Even today, musical life in Quakenbrück is largely shaped by the great-grandson of the founder at the time - Norbert Lindhorst.

The Aschaffenburg Municipal Music School , founded in 1810 by Elector Carl Theodor von Dalberg , is considered the oldest music school in Germany .

Public music schools

Music schools are a permanent part of the public cultural and educational offer in almost all cities and districts, comparable to theaters, adult education centers or public libraries. In cooperation with and in addition to music lessons at public schools and universities, as well as private music lessons, they form a sub-area of music education in Germany.

Most youth music schools are institutions of cities and municipalities under public law . Children receive lessons on musical instruments . Thanks to grants, the cost of tuition is often lower than that of private music teachers. At music schools, lessons are usually given by qualified music teachers who have studied their instrument at a music college . In addition to individual tuition, group tuition is often given at music schools, which is usually cheaper. The music schools often have their own music groups and orchestras .

In Germany there are around 950 public music schools in municipal or non-profit sponsorship, where over a million children, young people and adults are taught. You are in the Association of German Music Schools e. V., which in turn is a member of the German Music Council . At the music schools under public law, early musical education , instrumental lessons , vocal lessons (singing school), choir , orchestra , big band and musical adult education are usually offered. The musical direction includes both the serious music sector and light music with rock, pop, jazz, hip-hop and others.

Logo of the German Music School Day

Concerts, lectures, music school days and the participation of music students in music competitions make the music schools into cultural carriers in the municipalities and counties. With the guidelines and framework curricula of the Association of German Music Schools e. V. as well as the joint structure plan, the public music schools in the VdM offer similar, high quality standards throughout Germany for teaching singing and making music.

Private music schools

In addition, there are also private music schools, which either have an equivalent offer corresponding to the communal music schools or an offer limited to a certain area of ​​music education, for example affiliated to music shops or instrument manufacturers who also use the term music school (for example the " Music School Fröhlich " or the “ Yamaha music schools”) - with the exception of Bavaria, where the term “music school” is protected by law and is only available from the public music schools in the Association of German Music Schools e. V. may be conducted.

In some federal states, for example in Brandenburg, private music schools have achieved state recognition and have been officially certified to have the same level of performance as local music schools. In addition to the “classical music schools”, since the 1980s, manufacturer-independent music schools in particular, which specialize in teaching light music (pop, rock, jazz, etc.), have become increasingly popular. For example, the Hamburg School of Music has existed in Hamburg since 2000 .

In many places, locally funded music schools, private music schools and independent private music teachers coexist in the same catchment area.

Some private music schools in Erfurt formed the Federal Association of German Private Music Schools in 1997 . V. , who has been a member of the German Music Council since 2004 . V. is.

In addition, in some federal states private music schools have come together in working groups in order to be able to help shape the educational policy that is in the state's sovereignty.

Austria

Music schools in Austria are divided into the following sectors:

In addition, there is musical training at a number of - especially pedagogical - universities, and extracurricular training such as youth brass music , folk songs , choir associations , and at opera houses and orchestras .

Music schools in the strict sense

Music
school type of school
Country Austria
Type of school (general) Voluntary school for students
ISCED level 0-3C
Classification (national) Other vocational school (statute) / music schools and  conservatories  (29.5–3901)
School board Federal states , municipalities , associations
requirement talent
Duration depending on ability
Levels : - (15th, attendance outside of regular school hours)
Regular age 4-14
Graduation without final examination (entitlement to attend a conservatory )
Special shape Choir School (3904)
number 430 (2012)
student 200,000 (approx., 2012)
School type also applies in South Tyrol

The music school (in the narrower sense) is a course system that students attend voluntarily in their free time. In Austria there are around 430 public music schools with 200,000 students and almost 7,000 teachers in all federal states. The purpose of the school is to learn musical instruments and singing as well as the arts related to music (such as music theater , dance ), there are also courses with musicological and music theoretical content, as well as an extensive range of ensembles of all types and sizes. An important component is performance practice , which is why demonstrations are held regularly. Pre-school support and support for the primary level are integrated into the school structure , then the schools run parallel to secondary education . The choir school is a special form .

In Austria, music schools are primarily a matter for the federal states, but the majority of music schools are subject to federal technical supervision, they are endowed with public law or registered with the school authorities. The music school system is an integral part of the Austrian school system (in contrast to the situation in Germany, for example). The music schools are a school type ( curriculum ) of the school type music schools and  conservatories within the school division of the other vocational schools (statute)  (SBS) and are formally the 15th  grade (0th grade, final grade 15, ISCED level 3C secondary without university entrance , curriculum code 3901) assigned.
The educational qualification is - in the sense of a professional qualification - "without a final examination", but it entitles, provided the necessary qualification, to further attendance at a conservatory as training to become a professional musician or music teacher . The majority of the students attend the music schools for the joy of making music, without professional intentions, in the sense of a comprehensive general education in the classical sense, or are later engaged in one of the numerous music associations .

The public music schools are maintained by the federal states, municipalities or associations. In accordance with the federal structure of Austria, the will to maintain the regulation of the music schools as a state matter is still in place, but the Conference of the Austrian Music School  Works (KOMU) is a higher authority than the State Music School Works. The curriculum projects that define a framework for the participating states (South Tyrol is added to the 9 Austrian states) also go back to the KOMU. The new KOMU curriculum can be viewed in full on the Internet and defines the music-pedagogical requirements of Austrian music schools.

Employee status is the rule for teachers at Austrian music schools. In the federal states of Carinthia, Upper Austria, Tyrol and Vienna, the states themselves are central employers of the teachers at the (regional) music schools in the communities or regions. In Burgenland the “Burgenland Music School Works” and in Salzburg the “musikum” act as the central employer. In the federal states of Lower Austria, Styria and Vorarlberg, the music school providers and employers are municipalities and cities. The remuneration is different in each federal state. In Burgenland, Carinthia, Tyrol and Styria, the salary rates are based on those of the federal government.

Switzerland

In Switzerland, the nature of music schools is the responsibility of the cantons .

See also

literature

  • Michael Dartsch: Extracurricular Music Education , German Music Information Center 2012 ( full text ; PDF; 719 kB)
  • Markus Hebsacker: Music schools in a dead end? About the difficulties and chances of a problematic case of municipal cultural policy . Fernwald 2004 (= music pedagogical impulses, edited by Peter Ackermann and Ulrich Mazurowicz, Volume 5), ISBN 3-929379-10-4
  • Walter Rehorska: Music Schools. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7001-3045-7 .
  • Music schools in the VdM and other educational institutions for music , in: Deutscher Musikrat (Ed.): Musik-Almanach 2007/08. Data and facts about musical life in Germany . ConBrio, Regensburg 2006, pp. 374-450.

Web links

Wiktionary: Music school  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Germany:

Austria:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. for example Vladimír Helfert: The Jesuit colleges of the Bohemian Province at the time of the boy Gluck. Festschrift for Johannes Wolf on his sixtieth birthday. Musicological contributions. New edition, Georg Olms Verlag, 1929, p. 58 ff. ISBN 978-3-487-41012-8 ( Google eBook ).
  2. ^ Homepage of the Association of German Music Schools.
  3. ↑ Quakenbrück City Museum
  4. ↑ br-online.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.br-online.de
  5. ^ Education & Training ( Memento of March 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) , musikbildung.at
  6. ↑ further educational offers ( memento of March 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) , musikbildung.at
  7. ↑ a b Federal Ministry for Education, Art and Culture, Department V / 1 - Education Statistics, Documentation, IT Administration Applications (Ed.): School Form System . Index of key figures for school types in the Austrian school system. 2012, p. 99 ( current version (PDF) bmukk.gv.at).
  8. ↑ a b c d e music schools ( memento from November 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) , musikbildung.at
  9. ↑ a b curriculum , komu.at
  10. ↑ E. Gruner / B. Junker: Citizens, State and Politics in Switzerland