Niederstift Munster

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The Niederstift Münster

The Niederstift Münster was the northern part of the Hochstift Münster , which together with the Oberstift Münster formed the Hochstift with the bishopric in Münster . In the past it was sometimes referred to as "Niedermünster". Oberstift and Niederstift had different constitutions.

geography

The Niederstift comprised the landscapes of Emsland , Hümmling and the landscape that is now called Oldenburger Münsterland .

The Niederstift bordered in the west on the county of Bentheim and the United Netherlands , at the same place is today the border between Germany and the Netherlands . In the north it bordered on East Frisia and Oldenburg , in the east on the counties of Hoya and Diepholz . In the south it was bordered by the bishopric of Osnabrück , the Lower County of Lingen and the upper monastery .

history

After Count Otto von Ravensberg died in 1244 without a male heir, his daughter and heiress Jutta sold her estates in the Emsland and around Vechta in 1252 to the Bishop of Münster, Otto II von Lippe . This so-called "Osnabrücker Nordland" became the basis of the later Niederstift. In 1400, Bishop Otto von Munster, in league with Bishop Dietrich von Osnabrück, defeated Count Nikolaus from Tecklenburg and conquered his fortresses of Cloppenburg and Friesoythe . This essentially gave the Niederstift the same extent as it had until the end of the Old Kingdom. Since the County of Tecklenburg also had to cede the town and office of Bevergern to Munster, the Diocese of Munster also gained a narrow land bridge near Rheine, between the County of Bentheim in the west and the Lower County of the County of Lingen in the east. This corridor connected the two halves of the diocese with each other: the upper pen in the south and the lower pen in the north.

As early as the 13th century - due to the greater distance to the bishopric - earlier than in the upper monastery, Drosten had been appointed for better administration and thus the foundations of an official constitution were laid. After the gain in 1400, the Niederstift was permanently divided into three offices: Meppen, Cloppenburg and Vechta. A peculiarity of the Niederstift was that politically it belonged to the Hochstift Münster , but ecclesiastically to the Diocese of Osnabrück until 1668 .

At the time of the Reformation under Bishop Franz von Waldeck, the offices of Meppen, Cloppenburg and Vechta were shaped by Lutherans for around 70 years from 1543 to 1613. At that time, the Protestant reformer Hermann Bonnus worked in this region . In the course of the Counter Reformation under Bishop Ferdinand of Bavaria , the region was re-Catholicized .

Until the end of its existence the Niederstift remained only sparsely populated. In 1795 only 67,041 inhabitants were counted; with an area of ​​around 4200 km² there were only 16 inhabitants per km².

The ecclesiastical principalities were dissolved by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss on February 25, 1803 in Regensburg . Their territories were compensated to the German princes who had lost their possessions on the left bank of the Rhine to the French Empire due to the Peace Treaty of Lunéville . The Niederstift Munster fell mainly to the Duke of House Arenberg ( Meppen office as part of the Duchy of Arenberg-Meppen ) and the Duchy of Oldenburg (offices of Cloppenburg and Vechta ).

literature

cartography

  • Franz Josef Buchholz: Contributions to the Emsland cartography of the 17th to 19th centuries. The Niederstift Münster with neighboring territories on old maps . Heimatverein Lingen (Ems), Lingen 2006, ISBN 3-9805696-4-0 .
  • C. Wilckens (draftsman), IF Salzenberg (engraver): Geographical Carte from the <sic!> Niederstift Münster together with the neighboring countries, with the offices of Meppen, Cloppenburg and Vechta . Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 1796 ( digitized version ).

history

  • Hubert Altemeyer: The development of the official constitution in the Münster Monastery , especially in the Niederstift . Warendorf 1926 (Diss. Iur, University of Münster).
  • Clemens August Behnes: Contributions to the history and constitution of the former Niederstift Münster, as the former offices of Meppen, Cloppenburg and Vechte, with certificates . Hinderk Woortman, Emden 1830.
  • Wolfgang Bockhorst: History of the Niederstift Münster up to 1400 . Aschendorff, Münster 1985, ISBN 3-402-05227-X .
  • Gerd Dethlefs: Mild rule. Politics and culture in the Niederstift Münster between the Seven Years' War and the secularization . In: Michael Hirschfeld (Ed.): The Niederstift Münster on the threshold of the 19th century . Heimatbund for the Oldenburger Münsterland, Cloppenburg 2004, ISBN 3-9808699-6-2 , pp. 12–43.
  • Alwin Hanschmidt : 600 years of Niederstift Münster - 1400 to 2000 . In: Jahrbuch für das Oldenburger Münsterland , Vol. 49 (2000), pp. 143–163 and Vol. 50 (2001), pp. 8–32.
  • Alwin Hanschmidt: Elementary school conditions in the Niederstift Münster in the 18th century. Bernard Overberg's school visit protocols for the offices of Meppen, Cloppenburg and Vechta 1783/84 . Aschendorff, Münster 2000, ISBN 3-402-06805-2 .
  • Rosemarie Krämer, Christoph Reinders: Processes of social and spatial differentiation in the Duchy of Oldenburg and in the Niederstift Münster from 1650 to 1850 . In: Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte , vol. 58 (1986), pp. 89–130.
  • Heinrich Lackmann (ed.): Catholic reform in the Niederstift Münster. The files of the vicars general Johannes Hartmann and Petrus Nicolartius on their visitations to the Niederstift Münster in the years 1613 to 1631/32 . Aschendorff, Münster 2000, ISBN 3-402-03871-4 .
  • Carl Heinrich Nieberding : History of the former Niederstift Münster and the neighboring counties of Diepholz, Wildeshausen. A contribution to the history and constitution of Westphalia , 3 volumes. CH Fauvel, Vechta 1840-1852.
  • Gerd Steinwascher: School and education in the Hochstift Osnabrück and Niederstift Münster in the age of confessionalization . In: Franz Bölsker , Joachim Kuropka (Hrsg.): Westphalian from eight centuries between Siegen and Friesoythe - Meppen and Reval. Festschrift for Alwin Hanschmidt on his 70th birthday . Aschendorff, Münster, 2007, ISBN 978-3-402-12744-5 , pp. 211-235.
  • Tim Unger: The Niederstift Münster in the age of the Reformation. The attempt at the Reformation from 1543 and its consequences until 1620 . Plaggenborg, Vechta 1997, ISBN 3-929358-52-2 .

Footnotes

  1. ^ Johann Gottfried Hoche : Journey through Osnabrück and Niedermünster in the Saterland, East Frisia and Gröningen . Friedrich Wilmans, Bremen 1800, title page ( digitized version of the Dresden State Library).
  2. ^ Text of the certificate in Latin wording in: Carl Heinrich Nieberding: History of the former Niederstift Münster and the neighboring counties of Diepholz, Wildeshausen. A contribution to the history and constitution of Westphalia , vol. 1. CH Fauvel, Vechta 1840, pp. XV – XIX (certificate no. 8).
  3. ↑ Klaus Scholz: The late Middle Ages . In: Wilhelm Kohl (Hrsg.): Westfälische Geschichte , Vol. 1: From the beginnings to the end of the old empire . Schwann, Düsseldorf 1983, ISBN 3-590-34211-0 , pp. 403-468, here p. 433.
  4. ↑ Klaus Scholz: The late Middle Ages . In: Westfälische Geschichte , Vol. 1, pp. 403–468, here p. 434.
  5. ↑ Hubert Old Meyer: The emergence of the official Constitution pins Munster, particularly in the low-pin . Warendorf 1926.
  6. ^ Carl Heinrich Nieberding: History of the former Niederstift Münster and the neighboring counties of Diepholz, Wildeshausen. A contribution to the history and constitution of Westphalia , vol. 3. CH Fauvel, Vechta 1852, p. 223.
  7. ^ Hermann Stieglitz (arrangement): Handbook of the Diocese of Osnabrück. Dombücherstube, Osnabrück, 2nd, completely reworked. 1991 edition, ISBN 3-925164-10-3 , p. 39.
  8. ^ Alwin Hanschmidt: The 18th century. In: Wilhelm Kohl (Hrsg.): Westfälische Geschichte , Vol. 1: From the beginnings to the end of the old empire . Schwann, Düsseldorf 1983, pp. 605-685, here p. 650.
  9. ^ Stephanie Reekers: Contributions to the statistical representation of the commercial economy of Westphalia around 1800 . Part 1: Paderborn and Münster . In: Westphalian research. Journal of the Westphalian Institute for Regional History of the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe , vol. 17 (1964), pp. 83–176.
  10. ^ Alwin Hanschmidt: 600 years of Niederstift Münster - 1400 to 2000 . In: Yearbook for the Oldenburger Münsterland , vol. 50 (2001), p. 8.

Web links

  • Alwin Hanschmidt: 600 years Niederstift Münster. 1400 to 2000 :