Stadtlengsfeld

Stadtlengsfeld Dermbach municipality
Coordinates: 50 ° 46 ′ 56 ″  N , 10 ° 7 ′ 47 ″  E
Height :	272 m
Area :	27.7 km²
Residents :	1870  (Jan. 1, 2019)
Population density :	68 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	1st January 2019
Postal code :	36466
Area code :	036965

Stadtlengsfeld is a district of the municipality of Dermbach in the Wartburg district in Thuringia .

geography

Stadtlengsfeld is located in the Felda valley , a tributary of the Werra in the Rhön . The 714 meter high volcanic cone Baier is about four kilometers southeast of the city.

history

Documented mentions of the place exist in the form of aristocratic names or ministerials (1137 Ludewic de Leingefelt, Erkenbert de Lengeffelt).

Name origin

The name probably originated from the combination of the Middle High German word "langes, lenges" (lengthways) and the Old High German "fèld" (fields: open, flat, flat, almost free of trees). Given the location of Kaltenlengsfeld or Schenklengsfeld , an interpretation of the name as "along the Felda, along the Felda" appears questionable, as both places are not on the Felda river.

middle Ages

Lengsfeld Castle from the north-west (2004)

Around 1125, the Hersfeld monastery ordered the construction of a castle in Lengsfeld to secure its possessions. Lords of Lengsfeld performed their ministerial services in the castle on behalf of the Hersfeld monastery . Some rose to the service aristocracy of the Frankensteiner, who were guardian of the monastery of Hersfeld in the Rhön at this time. After the fall of the Frankensteiners, the Fulda abbots expanded the Lengsfeld castle by another three castle districts. They were protected by a common wall and a moat. The castle complex was transferred to an inheritance .

Under the prince abbots of Fulda , Lengsfeld was fortified with a city ​​wall around 1260 . In 1326 the Frankensteiners had to sell Lengsfeld to Fulda Abbey . The place was already called a city here. In a document from 1338, the residents are addressed as honorable citizens . The town's seal is attached to the document.

Lengsfeld Castle

In 1359 Charles IV granted the place market rights . Until 1450 Lengsfeld was the pledge and fiefdom of Fulda for the nobles of the von Pferdsdorf, von Leupolds, von Reckerod, von Mansbach, von Butteler, von Herbilstat, von Tafta, von Ellen, von Rosenberg, von Buchenau, von Weyhers and von Herda. Philipp von Herda acquired a castle estate in Lengsfeld in 1444 and rose to become the largest landowner in Lengsfeld through purchase. By marrying Mechthilde von Herda, a granddaughter of Philip, Ludwig I von Boyneburg came into the possession of Lengsfeld, Gehaus and Weilar . His son Georg von Boyneburg-Lengsfeld obtained the right to hold three annual fairs through Emperor Charles V in 1548 . In 1734, large parts of Boineburg's property were sold to the Duke of Saxon-Meining's secret council and baron Johann Heinrich von Müller (* 1665) from Nuremberg. By marriage in 1744 this property was returned to the Boineburg House, which owned Lengsfeld Castle until 1945.

In the city of Lengsfeld, the following guilds can be identified after the Thirty Years 'War : bakers, blacksmiths, locksmiths, wagons guilds, linseed, barch weavers, clothing makers and brewers ' guilds . House weaving and the blue dyeing of linen were dominant in the city.

Reformation and Peasants' War

In 1536 the Reformation was firmly established in the city of Lengsfeld. That year the last Catholic pastor was named. However, Ludwig von Boineburg, as patron of the church, allowed worship to be carried out in the traditional manner as well as in Luther's sense . In 1518 he sent his son Georg to study at the university in Wittenberg. Luther and Philipp Melanchthon worked there . Ludwig von Boineburg was involved in founding the Schmalkaldic Confederation .

The Peasants' War only affected the city of Lengsfeld indirectly. The Werrahaufen moved to the town of Lengsfeld on April 23, 1525. Ludwig von Boineburg signed the farmers' demands. He had to pay the farmers 500 guilders and accompany the Werra heap as a deposit on his train to Meiningen. After the defeat of the farmers, the Hessian landgrave imposed a fine of 200 guilders on the city. All promises made to the farmers were canceled. The failed peasant uprising continued to smolder in the Anabaptist movement . She had many followers in the city of Lengsfeld. Their leader, Valentin Gutwasser, was executed in Gotha.

Witch trials

A total of 18 witch trials were conducted in the city of Lengsfeld from 1663 to 1720 . The Schöppenstuhl in Jena imposed nine death sentences, which were also carried out. Two defendants died in the torture chamber, one defendant was able to escape. Four trials resulted in an acquittal. The outcome of two trials has not been recorded.

Creation of the Jewish community

In the first half of the 16th century, a strong influx of Jews into the city of Lengsfeld began. They came mainly from the county of Henneberg . The protection of Jews was revoked there in 1555 and all Jews had to leave the county in 1566. During this time, a Jewish burial ground was built south of the city and outside its walls. According to the Imperial Police Order of Emperor Charles V in 1548, the Boineburgs, as members of the Imperial Knighthood, had the right to allow Jews to stay in their domain and to collect protection and umbrella money from them. According to a list by Boineburg's bailiff Johann Christoph Schell, the Jewish population consisted of 24 families and 5 widows in 1731. Most of the Jews settled in what is now Frauenberg and in Hintergasse. It is no longer possible to determine when the synagogue was built. The first news about the expansion of a Jewish school comes from the year 1799. Around 1750 Mendel Rothschild was chief rabbi in the city of Lengsfeld. He was followed by Isaak Kugelmann Hess in 1780. Around 1800 the Israelite community in Lengsfeld had about 800 members. In 1825 Lengsfeld became the seat of a land rabbinate . Country rabbi was Isaak Kugelmann Hess. Other land rabbis were: 1827 to 1871 Dr. Mendel Hess, 1872 to 1881 Dr. Theodor Kroner, 1881 to 1898 Dr. Moses Salzer, 1898 to 1919 Dr. Josef Wiesen. The membership of the Israelite community decreased as a result of emigration and emigration. In 1825 it was 566 people, in 1893 114 people, in 1901 64 people, in 1925 38 people and in 1938 36 people. At the end of 1938 the last Jewish residents left Stadtlengsfeld. During the pogrom night in 1938, the synagogue was devastated and the Jewish cemetery partially desecrated.

Thirty Years' War

During the Thirty Years' War , various armies passed through in 1623, 1624 and 1625. These were associated with looting. On June 19, 1634, imperial Croatian horsemen of Count Isolani attacked the city and laid large parts of it in rubble. Castle and palace were also affected. A year later the city was sacked and looted again. In 1635 the plague raged in the Feldatal and depopulated entire villages. In 1650 only 18 families lived in the city.

Lengsfeld Patrimonial Office

In 1685 Lengsfeld became an imperial free court. When it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1816, it was the seat of the Lengsfeld patrimonial office, which was jointly owned by those of Boineburg and von Müller. In 1850 the patrimonial office was transferred to administrative district IV.

School system and school history

The first evidence of a school in Lengsfeld comes from 1659. In 1799 the Israelite community built the Jewish school building next to the synagogue . Land rabbi Dr. In 1841 Mendel Hess founded a "higher school" with boarding school for Jewish children. The gentlemen von Boineburg and von Müller had their children taught by private tutors. In 1850 the Christian and Jewish schools were united. A new school building was built in 1881. From around 1874 the city of Lengsfeld is the location of a “commercial vocational school”. It existed as a “general vocational school” until 1958. In 1917, a private school was founded in the castle premises to train girls to graduate from a high school. In 1984 a new school building was built.

Napoleonic Wars

From 1805 Lengsfeld belonged in quick succession to the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel , in 1807 it was added to the Kingdom of Westphalia and became the capital of the canton of Lengsfeld . A year later it was found in the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt and again in 1812 in the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel. In 1813 it belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia with the enclave Fulda and in 1815 it was given to the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.

Revolutionary events in 1848/1849

On March 14, 1848, residents of Lengsfeld, Weilar and Gehaus requested the Lords of Boineburg and von Müller

• the repeal of patrimonial jurisdiction ,
• the cancellation of service fees,
• the reduction of wages to five percent,
• the assignment of the alders on the field to the meadow owners concerned,
• the assignment of hunting and fishing on and on farm land,
• a common hat and drift right in all corridors with the municipalities,
• the submission of the gift rights belonging to the manors,
• the reduction in the price of wood to the rate as it was 20 years ago,
• the remission of all arrears on feudal slopes.

These demands were approved by the landlords of those von Boineburg in Lengsfeld, Gehaus and Weilar and those von Müller in Lengsfeld in view of the mass influxes. For the first time, workers from the local comb factory take part in the protests. A vigilante group is being formed in the city to take action against acts of violence and looting.

After Emil von Boineburg intervened in Weilar and reported to the Grand Ducal Government in Weimar, the town of Lengsfeld was occupied by 200 soldiers on May 1, 1848. A government commission is to determine the causes of the unrest. The leaders of the troublemakers, namely the postal expeditor Glove Makers, were to be arrested and taken to Eisenach. The innkeeper Pertermann, the Jews Backhaus and Rosenblatt, the city judge Solbrich and the councilor Xylander are to be investigated for supporting the rebels. The files do not provide any information about the outcome of the investigation.

City fire in 1878

On the night of October 26th to 27th, 1878, a fire broke out in the barns of the Boineburg and Enders manor on the Neuer Hof (today Burgplatz). It was laid on purpose. The fire destroyed 67 residential houses with the associated farm buildings. Another seven individual farm buildings burned down completely. The entire Amtsgasse (today Amtsstrasse), today's Obertor, the entire Kirchberg (with the exception of the church), the left side of the Frauenberg and the Sack (today Amtsgasse), today's Neue Strasse were affected. The following public buildings were stolen by the flames: the office building (today town hall), the post office building with the telegraph station in today's Amtsstrasse, the town hall and the inn “Zur Sonne” (today the former consumer goods store), the school house with the infant custody the Kirchberg. Over 100 families were left homeless. As a result of the fire in 1878, the population fell to a historic low of 1200 people. Twelve fire departments were involved in extinguishing the fire.

Economic conditions around 1880 to 1900

• Property: von Boineburg 990 hectares, Dr. Enders 610 hectares, community 31 hectares, seven individual farms 81 hectares;
• Industry: glass factory, hair stocking factory, cloth factory;
• Trade: Agencies, pharmacy, coal shops, material goods, flour shops, cut and fashion goods, cattle;
• Trades: Architect, baker, barber, cooper, brewery, bookbinder, roofer, dyer, butcher, carts, innkeeper, glazier, plumber, tanner, mill, bricklayer, restorer, saddler, locksmith, blacksmith, tailor, shoemaker, wheelwright, carpenter, Weaver, brickworks, carpenter;

seven annual markets, two cattle markets.

With the construction of the Feldabahn in 1879, the city received a railway connection. In 1889, the Koch und Schnorr company began building a porcelain factory. In 1896 the name was changed from Lengsfeld to Stadtlengsfeld.

First World War and Weimar Republic

During the First World War , 79 Stadtlengsfelder fell on the front lines. A memorial was erected to them in 1925. The stagecoach traffic from, to and through Stadtlengsfeld was stopped in 1916. In 1919 a local group of the Communist Party of Germany ( KPD ) was founded in Stadtlengsfeld . The local group of the Social Democratic Party of Germany ( SPD ), founded around 1900, and the KPD were the numerically strongest parties in the city until 1933. Under Mayor Adolf Hörle (1922 to 1933) important projects for the development of the city were realized: municipal housing, streets and paths, construction of a new kindergarten.

1933 to 1945

At the beginning of the National Socialist era , political opponents of the regime were persecuted and taken into "protective custody". Despite this, resistance activities continued, such as that of the communist potash worker Hugo Simon , who was taken to the Römhild Labor Education Camp (AEL) at the end of 1944 , where he died. Also in the action grid several people were in Buchenwald concentration camp internment. In 1934 the important traffic bridge was renewed. The National Socialists organized the 700th anniversary celebration in 1935 in line with their propaganda goals. The former town hall (today Feldatalhalle) and the swimming pool were handed over to their purpose in 1942.

During the Second World War , around 500 prisoners of war and forced laborers from various nations who were interned in several camps were forced to do forced labor for Wintershall AG, the hair spinning mill, the Stadtgut, the Schnepper & Isphording company, individual farms, the Stadtlengsfeld porcelain factory and in the Menzengraben mine .

On April 4, 1945, American troops occupied Stadtlengsfeld. They were replaced on July 4, 1945 by military units of the Red Army. 144 Stadtlengsfeld soldiers died on the fronts of the Second World War. 49 former Jewish residents of Stadtlengsfeld fell victim to the Holocaust .

The post-war years from 1945 to 1949

On October 1, 1945, classes were resumed with six teachers and 389 students. In autumn the porcelain factory and the potash factory in Menzengraben began to produce on a limited scale. A local group of the SPD and KPD was founded in the village , which united in 1946 to form the Socialist Unity Party of Germany ( SED ).

The land reform was carried out in Stadtlengsfeld on September 10th . There were two manors here, namely the Doktor Bendersche Gut, which had already been divided up in 1942 by the Thuringian State Settlement Cooperative in Weimar, and the Schnepper & Isphordingsche Gut, which now fell under the land reform. The total was 635.17 ha: 29.80 ha of arable land, 30.84 ha of meadow, 2.65 ha of garden land, 2.88 ha of other items, 559.00 ha of forest.

This property was divided between 144 Stadtlengsfeld residents, the state and the Stadtlengsfeld municipality. After the land reform there were 50 farms with a usable area of ​​at least one hectare each. The porcelain factory was transferred to a state-owned company (VEB) in 1946 . In 1948 the Rhön workshops started work in a former branch of the Vacha cable works.

Stadtlengsfeld in the German Democratic Republic

The social insurance began in 1949 in the palace and in the castle with the construction of a convalescent home, which was opened in 1952. In 1957 it made its mark as a diet sanatorium. The machine lending station (MAS) began its work in 1952. This operation developed from the machine tractor station (MTS) to the repair tractor station (RTS) and finally to the district operation for agricultural technology (KfL). In the course of the district reform, Stadtlengsfeld came to the newly established Bad Salzungen district in the Suhl district in July 1950 .

The country department store was opened in 1952. In addition to a food and meat department, furniture, textiles and shoes were in the range. On July 7, 1953, a gas eruption occurred at the Menzengraben mine that claimed three lives. In 1955, the "Feldatal" film theater was inaugurated in the village. On the morning of April 17, 1958, another gas eruption occurred at the Menzengraben mine, killing six miners.

→ Main article : Mine accidents in the Menzengraben shaft

In March 1977 the new large-scale consumer baked goods company was inaugurated in Stadtlengsfeld. In 1984 the new building of the Polytechnic High School opened its doors for grades 5 to 10 in Eisenacher Straße.

Stadtlengsfeld in the Federal Republic of Germany

In autumn 1989 demonstrations, prayers for peace in the Protestant church and citizens' meetings against the SED's claim to sole representation took place in Stadtlengsfeld . In the municipal elections in 1990, Karl-Friedrich Hirt was elected as the new mayor. In 1991 the Burg-Klinik was built from the former diet sanatorium. In 1995 the Rhön bakery went bankrupt. With the bankruptcy of "Rhön-Porzellan GmbH" in 1998, a tradition of porcelain spanning over a hundred years came to an end.

On January 1, 2019, the city of Stadtlengsfeld was incorporated into Dermbach. Before that, she had been a member of the Dermbach administrative community since December 31, 2013 .

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Stadtlengsfeld shows the uncrowned Saint Margaret; the handling of the shield and staff is wrongly shown, it should be reversed. The error probably arose later (in the 17th century) when the new coat of arms was created after the SIEGEL DER STADT LENGSFELD. The shield in her hand shows the coat of arms of Fulda Abbey.

Population development

Development of the population:

1994: 2.153 1995: 2.152 1996: 2,943 1997: 2,969 1998: 2,924 1999: 2,865

2000: 2,829 2001: 2,808 2002: 2,794 2003: 2,746 2004: 2,719 2005: 2,684

2006: 2,664 2007: 2,674 2008: 2,651 2009: 2,597 2010: 2,566 2011: 2,499

2012: 2,442 2013: 2,428 2014: 2,405 2015: 2,427 2016: 2,415 2017: 2,356 2019: 1,870 (through incorporation and disposal of the Gehaus district)

Data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics - values ​​from December 31st

politics

City council

The district council of Stadtlengsfeld consists of 8 councilors and councilors.

mayor

The district mayor is Jürgen Pempel from the CDU , who replaced Ralf Adam (non-party) in March 2016 , who was first elected on May 7, 2006 and was confirmed in office with 78.2 percent in the 2012 mayoral election.

Economy and Infrastructure

economy

Porcelain factory in Lengsfeld - early 20th century

Stadtlengsfeld has been manufacturing porcelain since 1889. The production initially included table and coffee services in simple and high quality for households and restaurants. During the GDR era, the factory was expanded and automated; the number of employees rose to almost 700. After the reunification, sales and employment figures continued to decline. The bankruptcy followed in 1998.

In GDR times there was also a large bakery of the consumer retail chain and a district operation for agricultural technology.

The Dr. Becker Group operates the Burg Clinic for Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics - Rehabilitation and Prevention in Stadtlengsfeld.

ACO Passavant GmbH has settled in the city's industrial area.

traffic

Stadtlengsfeld is located on state road 1022 , which leads from Dorndorf to federal road 285 and to Dermbach . Other state roads branch off from the L 1022 to Hämbach and Oechsen .

Stadtlengsfeld had a stop on the Feldabahn (Dorndorf - Kaltennordheim ). The line was closed in the 1990s and the tracks between Weilar and Kaltennordheim were dismantled in 2008.

Stadtlengsfeld is connected to the neighboring communities by Wartburgmobil bus lines.

Attractions

Today's townscape is shaped by the church built in 1791 . Numerous medieval buildings fell victim to the major fire of 1878, and remnants of the city fortifications, the official building - today the town hall and Lengsfeld Castle - have been preserved .

Other important buildings are the school building near the church, built in 1881, the war memorial above the city with the adjoining small park and the Jewish cemetery in the south of the city. An extensive network of hiking trails along the Felda leads to the Menzengraben district with the remains of a former mine or to the Hohenwart district . The Boineburg Castle and the park in the Gehaus district and the church there are also worth seeing. Often you will also come across the structural remains of the Feldabahn, partly used as a hiking and cycling path.

The Jewish cemetery Stadtlengsfeld and the Jewish cemetery Gehaus are preserved evidence of the region's Jewish past

The school building was built in 1881. It is currently being converted into a residential building.

Memorial to the victims of the world wars.

The entrance portal of the Jewish cemetery in Stadtlengsfeld was built in 1928.

Natural monuments

Several trees in the district are designated as natural monuments :

• Old oak tree at the hospital
• Linden tree in the courtyard
• Linden tree in the market square

sons and daughters of the town

• Christian Schreiber (1781–1857), philosopher, educator, poet, superintendent in Lengsfeld
• Philipp Enders (1808–1878), doctor and member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
• Dankmar Adler (1844–1900), with 180 projects, is one of the most important US architects of the 1880s, specialist in room acoustics and co-founder of the Chicago School , known a. a. for the introduction of the steel frame construction in high-rise buildings
• Hugo Chanoch Fuchs (1878–1949), rabbi and historian
• Heinrich Meyfarth (1881–1956), honorary citizen of the city
• Werner Krug (1918–2008), honorary citizen of the city, founded the so-called diet sanatorium, now a rehabilitation and clinic center
• Herbert Schirmer (* 1945), Minister for Culture of the GDR
• Rolf Schlegel (* 1947), geneticist and plant breeder, professor emeritus at the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg

literature

• Rolf Schlegel, Rolf Leimbach: Werewolves and Witches: Lengsfelder Stories I. Verlag BoD Norderstedt, 2013, ISBN 978-3-7322-8675-1 .
• Rolf Leimbach, Rolf Schlegel: The school is on fire: Lengsfelder Stories II. Verlag BoD Norderstedt, 2014, ISBN 978-3-7386-0388-0 .
• Rolf Schlegel, Rolf Leimbach: Port city on the Felda: Lengsfeld stories III. Verlag BoD Norderstedt, 2015, ISBN 978-3-7386-3756-4 .
• Rolf Leimbach, Rolf Schlegel: Tarri Tarra the post is here: Lengsfelder Stories IV. Verlag BoD Norderstedt, 2016, ISBN 978-3-8448-1035-6 .
• Rolf Schlegel, Rolf Leimbach: Glider pilots over Stadtlengsfeld: Lengsfelder Histories V. Verlag BoD Norderstedt, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7431-6635-6 .
• Rolf Leimbach, Rolf Schlegel: Grandmothers and Midwives: Lengsfelder Stories VI. Verlag BoD Norderstedt, 2017, ISBN 978-3-7460-3089-0 .
• Rolf Schlegel, Rolf Leimbach: The Silver Treasure of Stadtlengsfeld: Lengsfelder Stories VII. Verlag BoD Norderstedt, 2018, ISBN 978-3-7481-8063-0 .
• Rolf Leimbach, Rolf Schlegel: Förstermord am Kohlgraben: Lengsfelder Stories VIII. Verlag BoD Norderstedt, 2019 ISBN 978-3-74949-6907 .
• Rolf Leimbach, Rolf Schlegel: Chronicle of the city Stadtlengsfeld . Verlag BoD Norderstedt, 2015, ISBN 978-3-7386-5737-1 .
• Norbert Moczarski among others: Thuringian State Archives Meiningen. Department of the Regional Economic Archive South Thuringia in Suhl . A brief inventory overview. Ed .: Thuringian State Archives Meiningen. 1st edition. Thuringian State Archives, 1994, DNB  947166076 , Development of traditional industrial areas in South Thuringia until 1990, p. 16-24 .

Web links

Commons : Stadtlengsfeld  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Thuringian State Archives Meiningen, GHA documents, No. 4
2. ^ ^{A b} Rolf Leimbach, Rolf Schlegel: The school is on fire. Lengsfelder Stories II, Books on Demand, ISBN 978-3-7386-0388-0 , p. 22.
3. ↑ Thuringian State Archives Meiningen, GHA documents, No. 284 Stadtlengsfeld
4. ↑ ^{a b c d} Stadtlengsfeld municipal archive
5. ^ Notes in the tower knob of the Evangelical Church in Stadtlengsfeld
6. ↑ Ronald Füssel: The witch persecutions in the Thuringian area, DOBU Verlag, Hamburg, 2003.
7. ↑ Record in the tower knob of the Evangelical Church in Stadtlengsfeld
8. ↑ From the Acten sobro: Government Commissions Acts concerns the investigation into the disturbances of the peace in the Lengsfeld district. 1848. Lit. L. No. 162
9. ↑ Local history guide Thuringia. Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 329 f.
10. ↑ Jan Eik , Klaus Behling : classified. The greatest secrets of the GDR . Verlag Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-360-01944-8 , p. 68.
11. ↑ Hartmut Ulle: Thuringian Wappenbuch . Working Group Genealogy eV (Editor)
12. ↑ Jürgen Pempel is the new mayor of Stadtlengsfelder. In: insuedthueringen.de. Free Word , March 14, 2016, accessed September 25, 2019 ( Paywall ). 
13. ^ Result of the mayoral election 2012 in Stadtlengsfeld, Stadt. (No longer available online.) Office of the Regional Returning Officer, April 22, 2010, formerly the original ; accessed on April 23, 2012 : “Entitled voters: 2136; Voters: 1257; Turnout: 58.8%; Invalid votes 27; Valid votes 1230. " 
14. ^ Biedermann: Natural monuments in the Wartburg district. District Office Wartburgkreis, 2014, DNB 106660293X , p. 72 ff.