Kaltennordheim
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Coordinates: 50 ° 38 ' N , 10 ° 10' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Thuringia | |
| County : | Schmalkalden-Meiningen | |
| Management Community : | High Rhön | |
| Height : | 440 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 94.41 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 5802 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 61 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 36452 | |
| Primaries : | 036946, 036964, 036966 | |
| License plate : | SM, MGN | |
| Community key : | 16 0 66 095 | |
| LOCODE : | DE KND | |
| City structure: | 12 districts | |
City administration address : |
Wilhelm-Külz-Platz 2 36452 Kaltennordheim |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Erik Thürmer ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Kaltennordheim in the district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen | ||
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Kaltennordheim ( Rhöner Platt : Nurde) is a small town in the Rhön in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district in Thuringia . It is a member and seat of the administrative association Hohe Rhön .
Origin of the name
In the Middle Ages the place was called "Nordheim im Tullifeld ". Only from the 14th century did the addition Kalten- appear, which is probably derived from the relatively cool, harsh weather in the towns of Kaltennordheim, Kaltensundheim , Kaltenlengsfeld and Kaltenwestheim , due to the unfavorable location behind the mountains in the south. In addition, the addition was probably useful to distinguish it from other places such as Nordheim vdRhön .
geography
Kaltennordheim is located in the southwest of Thuringia in the upper Feldatal in the area of the Rhön Biosphere Reserve . The altitude varies from about 400 m above sea level. NHN on the border with Diedorf and 800 m above sea level. NHN in the Kaltenwestheim area ( Schafküppel ).
The urban area borders in the north on the communities Schleid , Dermbach , Empfertshausen and Wiesenthal in the Wartburg district , in the east on the communities Wasungen and Friedelshausen , in the southeast on the community Rhönblick , in the south on Erbenhausen and Oberweid and in the west on the Hessian town of Tann (Rhön ) . The Melpers district is an exclave south of Erbenhausen and directly on the state border with Bavaria .
City structure
The city is divided into the districts Andenhausen , Aschenhausen , Fischbach / Rhön , Kaltenlengsfeld , Kaltennordheim, Kaltensundheim , Kaltenwestheim , Klings , Melpers , Mitteldorf , Oberkatz and Unterweid .
climate
The climate is, as the place name suggests, relatively cool and harsh (see also the origin of the name).
The city is located in a valley surrounded by mountains, where the cold air sinks and often becomes stubborn. It is the same with the fog in the spring and autumn months. While the fog in the districts of Fischbach / Rhön and Unterweid, for example, quickly dissipates or does not appear at all, it often lingers all day in the valley of the districts of Kaltennordheim, Kaltensundheim, Kaltenwestheim and Mitteldorf. This phenomenon also contributes to the fact that the air in the valley basin only warms up slowly. The weather station of the company Meteomedia on the premises of the Kaltennordheim volunteer fire brigade regularly reports the lowest temperatures in the Free State of Thuringia and in rare cases throughout Germany on a clear night.
history
Count of Henneberg
The place was first mentioned in a document when a gift was given as "Nordheim im Tullifeld" in 795, and the place became the property of the Fulda Imperial Monastery . Kaltennordheim was located in a border region of Eastern Franconia, which was administered militarily by a margrave; whose castle was probably above Neidhartshausen . The administrative center of the Cent was in the neighboring town of Kaltensundheim . In 1145 Kaltennordheim was granted market rights. The Counts of Nithardishusen were probably related to the Counts of Henneberg , who inherited the property after they died out in the 13th century.
The construction of the Merlinsburg probably took place in the 13th century, in a time characterized by civil wars and fighting (Thuringian War of Succession). In the 14th century, the Henneberg counts were divided into several side lines, a count Berthold von Henneberg-Schleusingen acquired the Cent Kaltensundheim with Reichenhausen , Erbenhausen , Oberweid , Unterweid , Kaltenwestheim and Kaltennordheim from his cousins . In 1334 an office Kaltennordheim was mentioned for the first time . Count Johann I von Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1361), who after the death of his brother Heinrich VIII. In 1347 received Kaltennordheim with his sister-in-law Jutta von Brandenburg, transferred it with Roßdorf and Barchfeld in 1350 to the Fulda monastery . The redemption only happened by Count Wilhelm II of Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1426) in 1419.
This was followed by his brother, the contentious Count Heinrich XI. (VIII.) Von Henneberg-Schleusingen (* 1422; † 1475) (the restless). His reign, which lasted from 1445 to 1475, was marked by numerous feuds and conflicts with neighboring rulers. The Merlinsburg , a moated castle destroyed in 1634, served as the official residence .
The Peasants' War of 1525 also reached the upper Feldatal and resulted in the storming of the Zella monastery. The farmers also threatened the Merlinsburg, seat of the bailiff Tham von der Tann. A siege was quickly broken off and the farmers withdrew to Oberweid.
On October 12, 1562, Kaltennordheim was granted city rights by Count Wilhelm von Henneberg. The privileges included the right to a politically independent city administration, a city coat of arms, city law as well as own (commercial) dimensions and other provisions. The “marriage market” has been held in Kaltennordheim at Whitsun since 1563. Originally it was an ordinary goods market of supraregional importance. The farmer sons of the remote farms and rural communities used the rare opportunity to leave their farms to watch their bride and groom, which resulted in the largest folk festival in the Thuringian Rhön.
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
With the death of Count Ernst von Henneberg in 1583, the once mighty Henneberg Count's House became extinct, and an inheritance contract regulated the succession of the individual parts of the country. The office of Kaltennordheim and the office of Fischberg fell to the Duchy of Saxony (1547–1572) (Ernestiner). The new sovereigns abolished the existing Cent districts in 1601 and initiated the upgrading of Kaltennordheim by setting up a local court. During the Thirty Years' War , the area was repeatedly hit by raids and fighting. The period of suffering began in 1622 with troops marching through, and the plague and other epidemics were brought in. The incursion of Isolanis riders in imperial service was remembered as the climax of the suffering . The castle and a large part of the city were captured, cremated and looted on October 12th, many residents of the surrounding towns had previously fled to the city, which was considered to be safe. In 1635, the plague took away most of the remaining population and there were famines. In 1993, during excavation work on the cemetery wall, a pit with numerous skeletons was found, which was interpreted as a mass grave of plague deaths.
After the division of the county of Henneberg in 1660, the city fell to the dukes of Saxe-Weimar . After the slow rebuilding of the city, 42 residential buildings, 47 stables and 18 barns fell victim to a major fire in 1719. From 1752 to 1754, new buildings were built for the administration of the former palace, and an official prison was also built. In 1780 the Duke of Weimar visited the newly built mining facilities in Kaltennordheim. There were great expectations associated with the mining of lignite. On behalf of Duke Carl August, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was also summoned to Kaltennordheim several times as Minister of State, and in 1780 he wrote the poem “My Goddess” in his quarters. Also around 1780, Rhönpaulus was imprisoned in the tower of the castle. After deserting the Prussian army, he lived in the woods and stole from rich people to help the poor; he was handed over to the executioner.
19th century
In the 19th century, natural disasters, fires and wars again hampered urban development. After the French occupation (1806-1813), the area recovered only slowly from the economic squeezing through taxes and looting. The first typhus epidemic was brought in by the defeated Napoleonic army, the population suffered bad harvests and famine. Two major fires caused great damage in the old town in 1858, 700 people were made homeless, and the town church also burned down. In 1866 there were battles between Prussian and royal Bavarian units in the neighboring towns of Roßdorf and Wiesenthal . A Bavarian unit had previously moved into quarters in Kaltennordheim. A memorial stone by the church commemorates the victims. The company history of the Rhön brewery Kaltennordheim began with the purchase of the community brewery by Friedrich Christian Diettmar in 1875.
The largest wave of emigration took place in the Rhön in the 1870s, and the majority of emigrants decided to emigrate to the United States . Construction of the initially meter-gauge Feldabahn began in 1878. The Rhön entrepreneurs had great expectations of this new means of transport. In 1880 the railway line was inaugurated, ending in Kaltennordheim. A repeatedly requested expansion of the line with a connection to the Mellrichstadt – Fladungen railway line and the Ostheim vor der Rhön exclave belonging to Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach was assessed as uneconomical by the grand ducal administration and did not take place. A fire destroyed the town hall in 1882 and the new building was inaugurated in 1884.
First half of the 20th century
In 1904, the introduction of electrical lighting was made possible by a power generator at the Neumühle. The system, which was still prone to failure, was fitted with an additional oil motor by master tanner Dietrich and was therefore unprofitable. The first power plant was built in 1910 by the Ernst company.
In the First World War, 74 soldiers were killed in Kaltennordheim. After the end of the war, economic development was slowed down by inflation and mass unemployment. Many residents migrated to the neighboring potash mining region in the Werra valley around Merkers and Heringen .
During the National Socialist era , the population of the Rhön towns was impressed by the announcement of major economic projects and employment promotion measures. Labor camps were set up in the vicinity of the city, and the construction of roads and homesteads, such as the Marschlerhof , as well as emergency work created job opportunities. New administration buildings and residential buildings were built in many places. The conversion of the Feldabahn to standard gauge operation was undertaken and completed in 1934.
120 soldiers from Kaltennordheim were killed on the front lines in World War II or are missing. Ten Jewish families were persecuted, their businesses were expropriated and most of their relatives were delivered up for extermination. During the war, 27 women and men, mainly " Eastern workers ", had to do forced labor at the Ernst Burghard & Wagner company .
Second half of the 20th century
The effective division of Germany into four zones of occupation after the end of the war resulted in the interruption of connections between the town of Kaltennordheim, which was part of the Soviet zone of occupation, and the neighboring Hessian and Bavarian regions. The border location, which began between 1952 and 1961, was associated with the establishment of a 5 km exclusion zone. At that time, many emigrants and displaced persons were still housed in the city , the housing shortage was great despite the onset of state-sponsored construction measures (including rural outpatient clinic and school). In 1958 a barracks for the border police was built on the outskirts. Numerous residents of the city fled to the west until 1961. In the GDR era, Kaltennordheim gained importance due to its border location in the south of the Bad Salzungen district . The place was developed through the nationalization that began in 1953 and the economic concentration on the furniture industry and the Rhön brewery as well as the expansion of the basalt quarries on the Umpfen mountain. In the 1980s, the school was relocated to the castle for cultural use. The library, a registry office and a cultural center were created. In 1987 the 425th anniversary of the granting of city rights took place in the courtyard.
With the opening of the border in November 1989, a new chapter in the city's history began. As early as November 14, 1989, the mayor of the neighboring Hessian town of Tann (Rhön) arrived in Kaltennordheim as the first representative of a West German municipality . The population of Kaltennordheim had to cope with an enormous task of urban renewal and social upheaval in the following two decades.
In 1994 Kaltennordheim came to the Wartburg district and became a member and seat of the administrative association of the Upper Feldatal .
21st century
On December 31, 2013, Kaltennordheim merged with the neighboring communities of Andenhausen , Fischbach / Rhön , Kaltenlengsfeld and Klings to form the town of Kaltennordheim, whereby the administrative community of Upper Feldatal , to which all communities belonged, was dissolved. From December 31, 2013 to December 31, 2018, Kaltennordheim was also a fulfilling municipality for Diedorf and Empfertshausen .
As part of the Thuringia regional reform in 2018 and 2019 , the communities of Aschenhausen , Kaltensundheim , Kaltenwestheim , Melpers , Oberkatz and Unterweid were incorporated into the city of Kaltennordheim on January 1, 2019. The administrative community Hohe Rhön was expanded to include the town of Kaltennordheim, which is also where the administrative community is based. Kaltennordheim changed this from Wartburgkreis in Schmalkalden-Meiningen .
There was considerable resistance to the move from Kaltennordheim to the district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen planned by the state government, on the one hand from the population in particular in the northern districts of Andenhausen and Fischbach, on the other hand from the Wartburg district. Immediately after the decision of the Thuringian State Parliament, the latter submitted an application to the Thuringian Constitutional Court for an interim order. However, the Wartburg district failed with this urgent application before the Thuringian Constitutional Court.
Population development
Development of the population (data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics, values from December 31).
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politics
City council
The city council of Kaltennordheim has consisted of 20 council members since the 2019 city council election:
- CDU / Citizens for the Upper Rhön: 5 seats
- FWG Kaltenlengsfeld: 1 seat
- FWGF (Free Community of Voters Fischbach / Rhön): 2 seats
- FWG Klings: 1 seat
- Independent Citizens (UB): 5 seats
- Sports and shooting club: 1 seat
- Voting community “Hohe Rhön”: 5 seats
(As of: local election on May 26, 2019 )
mayor
On May 25, 2014 the election of the first full-time mayor of the city of Kaltennordheim took place. None of the five individual applicants could achieve a majority in the first ballot. In the runoff election on June 8, 2014, Erik Thürmer ( CDU / citizen for the Upper Rhön) was elected the first full-time mayor of the city of Kaltennordheim with 65.5% of the vote.
Town twinning
A town partnership exists with Tann (Rhön) in the district of Fulda, 15 kilometers away .
coat of arms
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Blazon : "In blue a five-fold tinned silver tower with an open golden archway, inside on a green three-mountain a right -turned red - armored black hen with a red comb and red rags." |
Culture and sights
lock
The Kaltennordheimer Schloss is a new building from 1754 with an extremely simple office building on the foundation walls of the former Merlinsburg . The gatehouse was built in the same year using medieval components. Today there is a museum in the castle. There is a dancing linden tree in the courtyard . The five hundred year old summer linden tree was designated as a natural monument in 1956 .
Kilian's Church
The late Gothic Protestant Kilian's Church was built in the 14th century as a stone successor to a wooden chapel in the cemetery. It is the oldest stone church still in existence in the Feldatal. It was rebuilt in 1558 and 1727. This is where the burial sites of the magistrates and local nobles are located. Grave slabs are embedded in the floor. In the cemetery is the war memorial from 1921 and the tombstone Mourners (1924) by the Kaltennordheim sculptor Fritz Röll ( Berlin Sculpture School ).
More Attractions
- Town hall and old town
- Kilian's Church and cemetery
- City Church St. Nikolai , a new building from 1867
- the 500-year-old linden tree in the courtyard
- the Rhön brewery
- the hotel to the golden lion
- the Celtic fortifications on the upper part of the body
- Mills and bridges on the Felda
- Sculpture group Am Treibplatz opposite the city church
Große Hardt nature reserve
The Große Hardt nature reserve is around 50 hectares in size and is located southeast of Kaltennordheim. The Große Hardt is part of the cultural landscape of the Rhön and an often sunny ridge at a height of about 600 m. The area was classified as worthy of protection because of a number of animal species detected here, for example red kite . The BUND , the district association of the Wartburg district and the city of Eisenach, designated the area as “Biotope of the Month September 2000”.
There are over 60 km of hiking trails in the nature reserve and a nature trail around Kaltennordheim.
The city is located on the Schlösser- und Burgenweg HWO 2 of the Rhön Club and on the Rhönpaulusweg . The ascent to the basalt mountain Umpfen offers some wonderful views.
Sports
The sports club RSV Fortuna Kaltennordheim, founded in 1863, offers many opportunities for sporting activities such as B. football, aikido, table tennis, motor sports, volleyball, billiards, gymnastics, and much more.
The following sports events take place:
- New Years Swimming (New Years)
- Rhöner Volkslauf, races for the Landscape Cup (April)
- Individual time trial in the Rhön over 36 kilometers (May 1st)
Regular events
- The most famous festival is the marriage market (Whitsun May / June), it is considered the largest festival in southern Thuringia. Other market days are the Easter market (on Palm Sunday) and the autumn market (on October 3rd) as well as the Christmas market.
- The brewery and the city's landlords organize the brewery festival in August, the landlord's festival in October and the double tapping in November.
- Carnival (in February) and fair (in October) are also celebrated.
- The downtown retailers organize the Kaltennordheimer Lichternacht in November with various highlights and night shopping.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
The economy of Kaltennordheim is characterized by small businesses.
- The furniture industry was the most important employer in the GDR era. Around 1900 more than 100 employees were already working in the company Röltsch & Co, which specialized in the manufacture of "Old German furniture". The businesses founded by Max Ernst and the Burkhard & Wagner company were also in the tradition of the municipal carpenters' guilds and were most recently taken over by Werra-Möbel-Meinigen GmbH . As a result of the reunification, industrial production collapsed.
- The most important industrial companies are on the one hand the traditional Rhön brewery Kaltennordheim and on the other hand LuK Truckparts GmbH & Co. KG.
- The Walch company, based in Kaltennordheim, is active in local public transport and operated several routes in the southern Wartburg district and in the southwestern part of the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district on behalf of the Wartburgmobil transport company and the Meiningen bus company with the "Rhönsegler" until May 2019 ; it was a member of the interest association Regional passenger traffic in southern Thuringia .
- The “Unter dem Ergel” industrial park is located on the north-eastern outskirts of Kaltennordheim. It has a total area of 12.4 hectares (as of 2009).
Educational institutions
There are two primary schools in Kaltennordheim , a regular school and a grammar school . The state elementary and regular school in the district of Kaltennordheim are both named after the Rhön poet Andreas Fack . The Thuringian Rhön-Gymnasium is located in the Kaltensundheim district and another state primary school in the Kaltenwestheim district.
Offices
- The Kaltennordheim Forest Office is subordinate to the Thuringian State Forest Administration. In addition to its economic importance (approx. 17,800 hectares of forest area), nature and landscape protection is also gaining increasing importance; the area is part of the Rhön Biosphere Reserve.
- One of the longest- serving weather stations in Thuringia was located in Kaltennordheim . Precise weather reports were also required for the glider airfield on the nearby Wasserkuppe , for example . Today's automatic weather station is integrated in the Meteomedia measurement network .
traffic
The federal highway 285 runs through Kaltennordheim as a north-south connection from Bad Salzungen to Mellrichstadt in Lower Franconia , where it connects to the federal highway 71 . Furthermore, the state road 1124 runs from east to west from the district town of Meiningen (A 71) to the Hessian Tann (in Hesse as L 3174) through the city. A high-performance road connection is planned with the federal road 87n from the A 71 near Meiningen to the Hessian-Thuringian border, with Kaltennordheim being given a 4.2 kilometer bypass. In the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2030 , the B 87n is currently classified as an additional requirement (WB).
Until 1997, the city was the end point of the Feldabahn , which connected the place with Bad Salzungen. The operation of the Feldabahn was finally stopped in 2003 and in 2008 the tracks were dismantled and the town's train station was demolished. Since then, public transport has been ensured with buses operated by the Wartburgmobil transport company and Meininger Busbetriebs GmbH . The nearest train stations are in Meiningen (28 km) and to the east in Wasungen (22 km) on the route networks of the South Thuringia Railway and Erfurt Railway .
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Christian Friedrich Gottlieb Thon (1773–1844), author
- Carl Christian Wilhelm May (1777–1846), Mayor of Eisenach 1832–1846
- Max Stickel (1875–1952), gynecologist, professor at the Humboldt University in Berlin
- Fritz Röll (1879–1956), sculptor
- Willy Merkl (1900–1934), mountaineer and expedition leader in the Himalayas
Personalities who have worked on site
- Andreas Fack (1863–1931) wrote the Rhön song in 1912 , the Rhön's unofficial anthem
Movies
- The Rhönmagazin in May 2019 - Kaltennordheim. Video report, 13:02 min., TV Mainfranken , broadcast on May 6, 2019 ( online ).
literature
- Erich Gerlach: Kaltennordheim in old views. Rockstuhl Verlag, Bad Langensalza 2005, ISBN 3-937135-85-5 .
- Gerda Hesselman (Ed.): 795-1995. 1200 years of Kaltennordheim. Börner PR, Meiningen 1995, DNB 948810483 , p. 104.
- Wolf-Dieter Raftopoulo: Rhön and Grabfeld culture guides. A complete documentation of the old cultural landscapes in terms of art and cultural history. RMd Verlag, Gerbrunn 2017, ISBN 978-3-9818603-7-5 , pp. 185-189.
- Rhönklub (Ed.): Schneiders Rhönführer. Official leader of the Rhön Club. 25th edition. Parzeller, Fulda 2005, ISBN 3-7900-0365-4 .
Web links
- Official website of the city of Kaltennordheim
- Kaltennordheim. In: thueringer-wald.com
- Upper Feldatal and Kaltennordheim in Thuringia. In: thueringen.info
- Kaltennordheimer Rhönbote - Portal of the University of Jena with online archived issues (previously only available in 2010)
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ↑ Connecting People Through News. In: PressReader.com. Retrieved January 10, 2019 .
- ↑ We in Ilmenau. Retrieved January 10, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Gerda Hesselman u. a .: 795-1995. 1200 years of Kaltennordheim . Ed .: City of Kaltennordheim. Börner PR, Meiningen 1995, DNB 948810483 , p. 99-100 .
- ↑ Name list of emigrants for the Eisenacher Oberland in the Eisenach city archive.
- ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to places of resistance and persecution 1933–1945 (= Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser. Volume 8: Thuringia ). Erfurt 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 325.
- ↑ a b Gerda Hesselman u. a .: 795-1995. 1200 years of Kaltennordheim . Ed .: City of Kaltennordheim. Börner PR, Meiningen 1995, p. 87-94 .
- ↑ Thuringian Law and Ordinance Gazette. No. 12/2013, p. 355. In: parldok.thueringen.de, accessed on October 16, 2016.
- ↑ Hope for action by district administrator , accessed December 20, 2018.
- ↑ Wartburgkreis complains against emigration from Kaltennordheim , mdr.de, accessed on December 20, 2018.
- ↑ decision Constitutional Tribunal 32/18. (PDF; 184 kB) In: thverfgh.thueringen.de, December 21, 2018, accessed on February 19, 2019.
- ↑ a b City council election 2019 in Thuringia - final result. Kaltennordheim, city. In: wahlen.thueringen.de. The regional returning officer, accessed on August 29, 2019 .
- ↑ Preliminary runoff result. Election Commission of the City of Kaltennordheim, accessed on June 9, 2014 .
- ↑ § 2 para. 1 main statute of the city of Kaltennordheim. (PDF; 536 kB) Adopted on January 22, 2019, version of February 6, 2019, p. 1.
- ^ Biedermann: Natural monuments in the Wartburg district. Nature conservation in the Wartburg district. Booklet 18. District Office Wartburgkreis, Bad Salzungen 2014, DNB 106660293X , p. 95.
- ↑ Robert Riemann Keltenburgen north and south of the Thuringian Forest Hagenberg-Verlag Homburg 1986, p. 26.
- ^ Klaus Fink: "Große Hardt" nature reserve in Kaltennordheim. Biotope of the month September 2000 . In: MFB Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Eisenach (ed.): StadtZeit. City journal with information from the Wartburg district . October issue. Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2001, p. 32-33 .
- ↑ Gerda Hesselman et al. a .: 795-1995. 1200 years of Kaltennordheim . Ed .: City of Kaltennordheim. Börner PR, Meiningen 1995, p. 69 .
- ↑ Infrastructural location. In: kaltennordheim.de. Retrieved April 19, 2018 .
- ↑ Thuringian Forestry Office Kaltennordheim. (No longer available online.) In: Thüringenforst (website of the Thuringian Forest Administration). Archived from the original on January 17, 2013 ; Retrieved November 23, 2012 .
- ↑ Thuringia station measurements and 4-day forecast (Kaltennordheim 435 m). In: Meteomedia.de. Retrieved November 23, 2012 .
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