Fischberg castle ruins
| Fischberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Fischberg (2009) |
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| Alternative name (s): | Heck | |
| Creation time : | around 1100 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, summit location | |
| Conservation status: | Ditch and wall remains | |
| Standing position : | Count | |
| Construction: | Vault | |
| Place: | Klings and Diedorf (Dermbach) | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 39 '20 " N , 10 ° 7' 7.9" E | |
| Height: | 510 m above sea level NN | |
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The castle Fischberg was a highly medieval fortification in Feldatal on an exposed hill above the villages Kling , Fischbach ( Schmalkalden-Meiningen ) and Diedorf (municipality Dermbach , Wartburgkreis ) in the Middle Rhön in Thuringia .
location
The castle site of the summit castle is at 510 m above sea level. NN on the summit of the Höhn mountain , about 800 m northeast of the center of the village of Klings and 700 m southwest of the neighboring village of Diedorf. The boundary of these places runs over the castle hill. The western part of the castle complex has already been destroyed by the adjacent quarry.
description
The medieval complex was relatively small and consisted (according to the excavation findings) of a keep , a main and an auxiliary house, and a surrounding wall . The complex used the existing fortification trenches and wall remains. The gate system is believed to be in the south, where a farm road still leads to the mountain today. On the western slope of the castle hill was a spring that was used by the castle crew on the donkey path.
history
Settlement findings from the Urnfield Period
The terrain of the castle had already been used as a settlement site in the Urnfield Period, as evidenced by 8 of the 284 prehistoric ceramic fragments registered. A baking plate that the excavators attribute to this cultural epoch is regarded as outstanding . Ceramic decorated with a characteristic comb pattern dates from the Hallstatt period . During this time the mountain was fortified by the Celts by building basalt stone walls.
middle Ages
An old road running from Fulda to Erfurt over Breitungen across the Rhön used the ford on the Felda near Diedorf and was therefore of strategic importance. Erpho von Nithardishusen is said to have inherited Fischberg Castle and the associated castle district as early as 1130 . The nearby monastery in Zella was also founded at this time . The castle district included the places and desolations of Diedorf , Fischbach , Klings , Empfertshausen , Andenhausen , Brunnhartshausen , Zella Monastery, Neidhartshausen , Dermbach , Oberalba , Unteralba , Glattbach , Mebritz , Föhlritz , Urnshausen , Wiesenthal and Lindenau .
After the sale of Fischberg Castle with the associated Dermbach District Court in 1214, the Counts of Frankenstein took over this area for about 100 years. Fischberg Castle was initially enfeoffed to the Fulda Monastery and probably sold in connection with the military surrender to King Adolf von Nassau in 1295. In 1326 the sources report on construction work, in 1398 on the pledge of the castle to the Counts of Henneberg . In 1483 the entire Fischberg office was pledged . In 1512 the capture and partial destruction of the castle by Ernst von Brandenstein was reported, and Fischberg was also stormed again during the Peasants' War . When the Henneberg counts died out, the Saxon dukes claimed the office of Fischberg as a hereditary property, which led to a centuries-long dispute with the Fulda prince abbots. The buildings, which were renovated after the Thirty Years' War, are said to have been inhabited as early as the 18th century, but were then used as building material for the surrounding communities.
Scientific research
With the expansion of the quarry area in the 1980s, the castle site became the subject of archaeological research. In 1993 and 1994, the Thuringian State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology carried out a total of five excavations, in which the chronology of the complex was determined and numerous finds were recovered.
status
The Fischberg castle ruins are a protected soil monument . The site in question continues to be used by a quarry. Blasting in the dismantling field is necessary from time to time, so entering is strictly prohibited - danger to life.
literature
- Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces . Jenzig-Verlag, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 101 .
- Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia . Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 323 .
- Michael Weih: What a ground monument tells: Fischberg Castle in the Rhön . In: Prehistory and local research . Issue 22. Weimar 1985, p. 59-61 .
- Adalbert Schröter: Country by the road. The history of the Catholic parishes in the Thuringian Rhön . St. Benno Verlag, Leipzig 1989, ISBN 3-7462-0430-5 , p. 77-80 .
- Bruno Kühn: The history of the Dermbach district . In: Journal of the association for Thuringian history and antiquity . tape 1 . Friedrich Frommann Verlag, Jena 1854, p. 249-296 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Thuringian Land Surveying Office TK25 - sheet 5326 Tann (Rhön) Erfurt 1999, ISBN 3-86140-090-1 .