Neidhartshausen (noble family)
The Counts of Neidhartshausen , also called " nobles " or "Lords of Nithardishusen", were a Thuringian noble family. Your dominion with the Neidhartshausen castle is today in the Rhön in the southwest of Thuringia . The Lords of Nithardishusen were first mentioned in 744. This noble family was last mentioned in 1268. From 1214, their possessions went to the Counts of Henneberg and the lords of Frankenstein, who were related to them, and to the Fulda monastery .
origin
The history of the "nobles of Nithardishusen" goes back to the Germanic times, so the dynasts of Nithardishusen are probably one of the oldest ruling families in the region. A possible family relationship to the Counts of Henneberg is not documented in relevant sources. Ancestral seat of the "Lords of Nithardishusen" was the Neidhartshausen castle in the village of the same name in the Rhön (today's Thuringian Wartburg district ), which was first mentioned in 744 in connection with an "Erpho von Nithardishusen". In 829 Nidhart, who is seen as the founder of Neidhartshausen, was mentioned for the first time. The first verifiable mention of the town of Neidhartshausen is dated to the year 956.
From 1116 to 1268 the dynasts of Neidhartshausen are attested, who were subordinate to the Henneberg counts of the Tullifeld and carried the title "noble gentlemen". They probably built up a small lordship in the upper and middle field area on the basis of a fron farm estate that was alienated from the Fulda monastery .
Development of the house and related areas
Around 1116 the Counts of Neidhartshausen owned the area from the Ulstertal over the upper and middle Feldatal to the Rosagrund . This territory extended from Simmershausen in what is now East Hesse to Oechsen near Dermbach . The lords of Neidhartshausen secured their possessions with four castles and other fortifications. In addition to the main castle in Neidhartshausen, this included u. a. the Schöneburg near Dermbach and the Auersburg near Simmershausen.
From the possession of the Fulda Imperial Monastery, the Counts of Neidhartshausen managed the Cent Kaltensundheim in the upper Feldatal, to which u. a. also belonged to Kaltennordheim.
Around 1130 Erpho von Nithardishusen is documented as the heir of Cent Dermbach in the middle Feldatal. Already at that time almost all of the localities of the later castle district of the Fischberg district belonged to this , u. a. Diedorf, Fischbach, Klings, Neidhartshausen and Dermbach. In 1136 the Zella monastery was founded by Erpho (1116/57) and his wife Gertrud.
Loss of territory and extinction
The increasingly developing monasteries Fulda, Hünfeld , Rasdorf and Hersfeld involved the nobles of Nithardishusen in territorial disputes. This brought them into financial difficulties, so that in 1214 they had to sell part of their territories. The Cent Dermbach came to the Lords of Frankenstein and the Auersburg to the Fulda Monastery.
The last mention of the noble family took place in 1268. With the death of Heinrich and Friedrich the noble family of Nithardishusen died out. The area of Cent Kaltensundheim that remained with the Counts went to the Fulda Monastery and the Counts of Henneberg as a common inheritance .
Further course of affiliation of the possessions
The joint Fulda-Henneberg administration of Cent Kaltensundheim ended in 1332 when Count Berthold VII of Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1340) bought the Fulda share . In 1334, the office of Kaltennordheim was founded from the now completely Henneberg area of the Cent.
After the Cent Dermbach was sold in 1214, the Counts of Frankenstein took over this area for around 100 years. Weakened by armed conflicts and indebted, they had to sell the district court and the town of Dermbach to the Fulda monastery in 1317/1326 , which formed the Fischberg district from the area. Since this also had financial problems, the office was pledged several times from 1365 and came into the sole possession of the Counts of Henneberg-Schleusingen from 1485/1511.
Auersburg bei Hilders , which was sold to the Fulda monastery in 1214, was given to its own followers by the monastery as a fief. After disputes about ownership, it came into the possession of the Würzburg bishopric in 1290 and in 1325 when it was bought by the bailiffs in Henneberg. In 1342, the Würzburg bishop Otto II von Wolfskeel bought back the castle and the Auersberg office and incorporated them into the Würzburg office of Hilders .
Castles and estates
- Ancestral castle in Neidhartshausen, today in the southwest of Thuringia
- Schöneburg near Oechsen (Dermbach), today in the southwest of Thuringia (built around 1214)
- Auersburg Castle on the Auersberg near Simmershausen (Hilders), today in the east of Hesse (built around 1120)
- Fischberg Castle near Diedorf , today in the south-west of Thuringia
- Zella Monastery
- Cent Kaltensundheim with Kaltennordheim , Kaltensundheim , Kaltenwestheim , Reichenhausen , Erbenhausen , Oberweid and Unterweid
- Cent Dermbach with the places Fischbach , Dermbach, Neidhartshausen, Zella , Diedorf, Klings , Empfertshausen , Andenhausen , Brunnhartshausen , Oberalba , Unteralba , Glattbach , Mebritz , Föhlritz , Urnshausen , Wiesenthal and Lindenau
Well-known members of the Count's House
- Erpho of Nithardishusen (around 744)
- Nidhart (around 829), founder of Neidhartshausen
- Erpho (1116/57) and his wife Gertrud, founder of the Zella monastery in Zella / Rhön (1136)
- Heinrich and Friedrich von Nidhardishusen († around 1268), last representatives of the noble family
Web links
- Chronicle of Neidhartshausen
- History of the Fischberg / Dermbach district
- The nobles of Neidhartshausen in the Rhön Lexicon
- The Counts of Neidhartshausen in the history of the city of Lengsfeld