Office Kaltennordheim

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The office Kaltennordheim was a territorial administrative unit of the county of Henneberg . After the Count von Henneberg -Schleusingen died out in 1583, the office came under the joint administration of the Albertine and Ernestine Wettins . By splitting up the county of Henneberg in 1660, the office of Kaltennordheim was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar . It came to Saxony-Eisenach in 1662 and to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1741 , which became the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1815.

Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850 and the related resolution made it as official spatial reference point for claiming nationalistic taxes and labor services , for police , judiciary and military service .

Geographical location

The area of ​​the Kaltennordheim district lay in the valley of the upper Felda , which rises above Reichenhausen. The area belongs to the Thuringian Rhön (Vordere Rhön). The highest mountain in the official area is 815.5  m above sea level. NHN the Schnitzersberg of the Elbow ( 813  m ). During its affiliation to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, the office formed the southernmost part of the Eisenacher Oberland .

The official area is today in the southwest of the Free State of Thuringia . While the northern part with Kaltennordheim is in the Wartburg district today , the southern part of the district with Kaltensundheim is now part of the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district .

Adjacent administrative units

Reign of Tann Amt Fischberg (Fulda fiefdom of the county of Henneberg, after 1583 temporarily part of Saxony-Eisenach) Amt Sand (County of Henneberg, after 1680 part of Saxony-Meiningen)
Hilders Office (Hochstift Würzburg) Neighboring communities Amt Maßfeld (County of Henneberg, after 1680 part of Saxony-Meiningen)
Office Fladungen (Hochstift Würzburg, temporarily fiefdom of the Counts of Henneberg-Römhild) Melpers (to the Lichtenberg office , after 1555 temporarily to Saxony-Eisenach)

While the Kaltensundheim court belonged to the Lichtenberg office, the Kaltennordheim office bordered it in the south.

history

prehistory

At the beginning of the settlement the places of the later office Kaltennordheim were in the Gau Tullifeld . The places in the area were first mentioned in deeds of donation to the Fulda monastery , for example Kaltennordheim in 795, Kaltensundheim, Kaltenwestheim and Mitteldorf in 812.

Administration by the Counts of Neidhartshausen

Kaltensundheim was the administrative center of a medieval central court ( Cent ), to which the places Kaltennordheim , Kaltensundheim , Kaltenwestheim , Reichenhausen , Erbenhausen , Oberweid and Unterweid belonged. Cent Kaltensundheim was located in a border region of Eastern Franconia, which was administered militarily by a margrave whose castle was in Neidhartshausen (Nithardishusen), north of the Cent . The counts of Nithardishusen residing there were probably related to the counts of Henneberg, who inherited the property after they died out around 1268.

Belonging to the county of Henneberg

After the Counts of Neidhartshausen died out, jurisdiction over the Cent Kaltensundheim was exercised jointly by the Counts of Henneberg and the Fulda monastery . In 1332, Count Berthold VII of Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1340) bought the Fulda share, so that the Hennebergers were now the sole court lords. In 1320/23 the towns of Seeba and Bettenhausen , which belonged to the Neuenberg monastery near Fulda and were located southwest of the Zent, were owned by the Counts of Henneberg-Schleusingen and were incorporated into the administration of the neighboring Friedelshausen court, but legally they belonged to Cent Kaltensundheim.

In 1334 a Bailiwick of Kaltennordheim was mentioned for the first time, which included the place with the surrounding area. Count Johann I von Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1359), who after the death of his brother Heinrich VIII. Received the office of Kaltennordheim by dividing the estate with his sister-in-law Jutta von Brandenburg in 1347, moved it to Roßdorf , Seeba , Bettenhausen (all three to the office of Sand belonging) and Barchfeld in 1350 to the Fulda monastery. The redemption only happened by Count Wilhelm II of Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1426) in 1419.

The Henneberg Castle Merlinsburg, first mentioned in 1350, together with the village of Kaltennordheim, was owned for a time by the von Buchenau family , from whom Count Wilhelm II. (III.) Von Henneberg-Schleusingen († 1444) redeemed it in 1438. After the accidental death of Wilhelm II in 1444, his younger brother Heinrich XI. (VIII.) Von Henneberg-Schleusingen ("the restless"; † 1475) asserted claims to ownership of the county of Henneberg with armed conflicts against his underage nephews.

Neighboring princes were also involved in the unrest that arose. Probably on this occasion, Duke Wilhelm III. of Weimar and Margrave Albrecht III. of Brandenburg get the city of Kaltennordheim with the Merlinsburg Castle and the associated office of Kaltennordheim in their hands, because in 1448 they pledged the property to Hermann von Schwarzenberg and von Saunsheim. But already in the next year the castle and the place had to go to Count Heinrich XI. be answered by Henneberg. Although Count Heinrich's claims to inheritance were rejected by a legal decision, he was granted usufruct and ownership of the office until his death in 1475.

In 1562 Kaltennordheim was granted city rights by Count Wilhelm von Henneberg. In 1569 Frankenheim and Birx came to the office of Kaltennordheim through a comparison .

Joint administration between the Ernestine and Albertine Wettins

With the death of Count Georg Ernst von Henneberg-Schleusingen in 1583, the once mighty Henneberg Count's House went out. The Kahla Treaty concluded with the Ernestine Wettins in 1554 regulated the succession of the individual parts of the country. However, since the Albertine Wettins also made equally justified claims to inheritance, the County of Henneberg and its offices were initially administered jointly with Ernestine and Albertine headquarters in Meiningen .

The new sovereigns abolished the existing central districts in 1601 and initiated the establishment of a local court in Kaltennordheim. In 1615 a special office was branched off from that of Kaltensundheim for Kaltennordheim. The places remaining near Kaltensundheim now formed a district of courts, which was called the "Lichtenberg rear court" after 1660, since it has since been judicially attached to the Lichtenberg office to the south . Was than the actual justice to the bailiffs to Lichtenberg and Kaltennordheim passed, which lasted centering Peter Court in Kaltensundheim While still continue, but was in a highly limited way as the Rügegerichte in other areas only responsible for field sacrilege.

During the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) the Feldatal was affected several times by drafts and fighting. After the invasion of the riders Isolanis in imperial service , the Merlinsburg and a large part of the town of Kaltennordheim were captured, cremated and plundered. In 1635, the plague took away most of the remaining population and there were famines. After the war, the ruins of the castle were leveled and not rebuilt. The administration of the office was transferred to Kaltennordheim.

Division of the county after 1660

Since the Ernestine and Albertine sovereigns could not agree on the management of their inheritance, the county of Henneberg was dissolved in 1660/61. The division of the county was regulated in the Weimar Treaty (Saxon Partition Treaty), based on the Kahla Treaty of 1554. The office of Kaltennordheim was added to the Ernestine part and in 1660 came under the joint administration of the duchies of Saxe-Weimar (1640–1672) and Saxe-Gotha (1640–1680). Already in 1661 both duchies shared their property and the office of Kaltennordheim came to Sachsen-Weimar, whereby the court district of Kaltensundheim was attached to the office of Lichtenberg to the south as "Lichtenberg's back court".

Belonging to the duchies of Saxony-Eisenach and Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach (from 1741)

In 1662, however, the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar was divided again, when the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach was re-established as an independent principality. The office of Kaltennordheim and the Ernestine office of Lichtenberg since 1555 belonged to Saxony-Eisenach until 1741 and since then to the united duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach.

In 1764, the dispute between the House of Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach and the Fulda Monastery over the ownership claim of the Fischberg / Dermbach district to the north was settled by the Fischberg recess . The Fischberg office was divided, whereby the towns of Fischbach , Mebritz , Wiesenthal and Urnshausen east of the Felda came to Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach and have since been united with the Kaltennordheim office.

With the dissolution of the imperial knighthood in 1803, the knightly places Aschenhausen and Roßdorf came under the joint ownership of the duchies of Saxony-Meiningen and Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, until finally Aschenhausen became the sole property of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach and Roßdorf in the Saxony-Meiningen region in 1808 fell. Aschenhausen was incorporated into the Kaltennordheim office.

Belonging to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach (from 1815)

Due to the effects of the Congress of Vienna , the Duchy was elevated to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1815. This was associated with a number of territorial gains, including the remaining Fischberg office from the former Fulda monastery, to which the four towns of Fischbach, Mebritz, Wiesenthal and Urnshausen were re-affiliated.

In 1816 the places of the Ostheimer (Lichtenberger) back court with Kaltensundheim were again added to the Kaltennordheim justice office.

In 1849/50, jurisdiction was separated from administration in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . The office of Kaltennordheim was merged with other offices of the Rhön to form the administrative district of Dermbach , which was also referred to as the fourth administrative district , with its seat in Dermbach . This comprised the southern part of the former duchy of Saxony-Eisenach, which was also known as the Eisenacher Oberland in the 19th century . The Kaltennordheim office became a judicial office to which several villages from the neighboring Dermbach judicial office were also assigned. In 1879 it was converted into a district court .

Associated places

Locations of the Kaltennordheim district

Cities
  • Kaltennordheim (Northeim in pago Tullifeldon) with the Merlinsburg
Market town
Villages
Individual goods
  • Anzenhof
  • Vineyards
  • Rohnhof
  • Sannhof
Desolation
  • Grimmelbach
  • Schalkenberg
  • Wambach

Places that belonged to the Lichtenberg office between 1660 and 1816 as the “back court”

Market town
Villages
Individual goods
  • Hof Gereuth
  • Kohlhausen Castle (near Helmershausen, later desolate)
  • Ober- and Unterweimarschmiede (until the beginning of the 19th century)
  • Zillbach (exclave near Dermbach), consisting of:
    • The Große Zillbach, a manorial chamber estate and later also a settlement
    • The Kleine Zillbach, forester's house with the Zillbacher, Schwallunger and Wasunger Forst forests in the Saxon-Meiningian authorities of Sand and Wasungen (three plots)
Desolation
  • Pfaffenhausen
  • Wombach

Places belonging to the Fischbach district that belonged to the Kaltennordheim district between 1764 and 1815

literature

  • Kronfeld, Constantin: Thuringian-Saxon-Weimar history. - Weimar: Böhlau, 1878. - (Regional studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach; T. 1) / [reviewed by:] Ulrich Stechele

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ History of the district of Dermbach
  2. ↑ Description of the Saxony-Meiningischen Amt Sand p. 182f.