Office Lichtenberg (Ostheim)
The Amt Lichtenberg , later also called Amt Ostheim , was a territorial administrative unit of the county of Henneberg . After the sale by the Counts of Henneberg -Römhild, the office belonged to the Ernestine Duchy from 1555 and came to various Ernestine duchies as part of Saxony-Eisenach . From 1741 Lichtenberg was an office of the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , which in 1815 became the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach.
Until the administrative and territorial reform of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in 1850 and the related resolution made it as official spatial reference point for claiming nationalistic taxes and labor services , for police , judiciary and military service .
The "Ostheim exclave" continued to belong to Thuringia until 1945 and was only then incorporated into Bavaria.
Geographical location
The front court , the later exclave Ostheim, was in the foreland of the Rhön , which is also expressed by the place names "before the Rhön". The area was on the upper reaches of the litter . It has belonged to the Free State of Bavaria since 1945 and is now in the Rhön-Grabfeld district .
The back court with the adjoining village Melpers belonging to the front court was in the Vorderrhön in the valleys of the upper Felda and Herpf . Like Melpers, the back court with its exclave Zillbach today belongs to the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district in the southwest of the Free State of Thuringia . Weimarschmieden is part of the Lower Franconian district of Rhön-Grabfeld and the Maßbach exclave (south of Münnerstadt) belongs to the Lower Franconian district of Bad Kissingen .
During its affiliation to the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach, the office formed the southernmost part of the Eisenacher Oberland .
Adjacent administrative units
The front court of the Lichtenberg district consisted of the later exclave Ostheim with the same place and Melpers. Until 1808, the front court was in the area of the bishopric or grand duchy of Würzburg and bordered only in the northeast to places of the imperial knighthood , which to a certain extent belonged to the office of Maßfeld in the duchy of Saxony-Meiningen . In the south, the exclave of Oberwaldbehrungen bordered the imperial-free rule of Tann . After an area swap, Ostheim was almost completely enclosed by the Würzburg area from 1808.
Melpers, which belonged to the front court, was separated from Ostheim by the Fladungen office in Würzburg . To the south of Melpers was the Fladungen office, to the north the Lichtenberg rear court.
The back court was north of Ostheim and bordered in the north and west on the office of Kaltennordheim (Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach), to which it also belonged at times. In the northeast and east were the Saxon-Meiningian offices of Sand and Maßfeld. To the south, the town of Melpers, which belongs to the front court, and the Fladungen office in Würzburg bordered.
history
Henneberg branch lines (8th century to 13th century)
The Ostheim settlement was first mentioned in a document by Charlemagne in 804 . In 816 the place was under the sovereignty of the Bishop of Würzburg . In the middle of the 12th century Ostheim was in possession of a sideline of the Counts of Henneberg , which were jointly called "Popponische Linien" after their ancestor Poppo II. Around 1156 the eldest son of Poppo III. von Irmelshausen , Heinrich I, founded his own Henneberg branch line, which he referred to as "Lords of Lichtenberg" after Lichtenburg near Ostheim, first mentioned in 1159 . After the death of Heinrich I in 1167, his two younger brothers Poppo V. and Gotebold IV also referred to themselves as " Lords of Lichtenberg ". The line died out again with Gotebold IV in 1186. He referred to between 1168 and 1176 as "von Lichtenberg" and from 1169 simultaneously after the Habesburg Castle near Meiningen acquired by his father in 1156 as "Gotebold IV. Von Irmelshausen-Habesberg".
Gotebold IV probably had only one daughter who married the noble free Adalbert von Hildenburg , whose property bordered the Lichtenberg area to the west. Since he named himself Lichtenberg after the rule in 1212, she probably brought Lichtenberg into this marriage. Through their mutual daughter Adelheid von Hildenburg, the property came to Count Otto through marriage in 1228. II of Henneberg-Botenlauben. This was a son of the famous minstrel Otto von Botenlauben from a Gotebold branch line of the Counts of Henneberg.
Clergy monasteries and Counts of Henneberg (13th century to 1555)
In 1230, Count Otto II von Henneberg-Botenlauben sold all goods from the Hildenburg inheritance, including the Hildenburg and Lichtenburg, to the Bishopric of Würzburg, with Adelheid's consent. The Reichslehen Lichtenberg was sold shortly afterwards to the Fulda monastery . From this, the Lichtenburg and half of the town of Salzungen were pledged to the Landgraviate of Thuringia in 1366 . The Ostheim fortified church was built around 1400 to protect the local citizens. In 1409, Landgrave Friedrich von Thuringia left the pledge of the Lichtenburg and half of Salzungen to the Archbishopric of Mainz , which in turn left them to the Bishopric of Würzburg in 1423. In 1433 they came from this as a pledge to the county of Henneberg -Aschach (-Römhild). From 1435 the Lichtenberg district included the places Ostheim vor der Rhön, Sondheim vor der Rhön, Stetten vor der Rhön, Urspringen and the later deserted area of Altenfeld. Through an inheritance from the county of Henneberg-Aschach (-Römhild) in 1468, the Lichtenberg office came to the "Münnerstädter Teil" under Count Otto III. von Henneberg-Aschach († 1502). He sold it in 1501 to his nephew, Count Hermann VIII von Henneberg-Aschach († 1535), the heir to the "Römhilder part" of the county of Henneberg-Aschach.
The sons of Hermann VIII, Berthold XVI. von Henneberg – Römhild († 1549) and Albrecht von Henneberg – Schwarza († 1549) shared the inheritance in 1532. The office Lichtenberg came to Berthold XVI. from Henneberg – Römhild. In 1548 he sold his entire principality to his brothers-in-law, the Counts of Mansfeld . The Reformation was introduced in 1553/1554 .
Ernestine Duchies (1555 to 1808)
As early as 1555, the Counts of Mansfeld ceded the office of Lichtenberg with Ostheim, along with other areas, to the Ernestine dukes of Saxony . The deserted area of Melper , which is spatially separated from the office, was repopulated this year and assigned to the office. By dividing the estate in the Duchy of Saxony, the office came to the Duchy of Saxony-Coburg-Eisenach in 1572 . Ostheim was granted market rights in 1586 and town rights in 1596. In a further division in 1596, the Lichtenberg office was assigned to the Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach , but from 1633 it belonged again to Saxony-Coburg-Eisenach. In further subdivisions, the Lichtenberg office came to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar in 1638 , to Saxony-Eisenach in 1641, and again to Saxony-Weimar in 1644. The latter received from the legacy of the county of Henneberg-Schleusingen in 1660/61 a. a. the office of Kaltennordheim . The district of Kaltensundheim was now incorporated into the Lichtenberg office as the “Lichtenberg back court” with the exclaves Zillbach and Maßbach.
From 1662 Lichtenberg belonged again to Saxony-Eisenach. During these various alternations, the Fulda Abbey (1628 and 1723) sought to redeem this office, which had been sold in 1366, and brought the matter to the imperial court. However, since Kurmainz, as the first applicant for this pledge, expressly stated in 1665 that he would represent the House of Saxony against the Fulda claims, the efforts could not be carried out further.
The last bailiff at the Lichtenburg, Friedrich Sebastian von Stein, left the castle in 1680. The administration of the Lichtenberg district was now carried out from Ostheim, which made the Lichtenburg less important. In 1719 an office building was built in Ostheim. Since 1741, the now Ostheim office belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach .
The Ostheim exclave from 1808 to 1850
With the political reorganization of the empire at the beginning of the 19th century, the rule of the Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach in the Maßbach exclave, which passed to Bavaria in 1802, also ended. In 1808, the neighboring Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen and the Grand Duchy of Würzburg agreed to swap territory: the Saxon fiefdoms Filke, Neustädtles, Sands, Völkershausen and Willmars came to Würzburg, the Würzburg fiefdoms Berkach, Gleicherwiesen and Nordheim / Grabfeld went like mixed fiefdoms Bibra and Walldorf to Sachsen-Meiningen. During this time, Weimarschmieden must have come to Würzburg from the back court of the Lichtenberg district. As a result of the exchange of territory, the Ostheim front court became the " Ostheim exclave ", which was now completely separated from Melpers, the rear court and the rest of the duchy by the Würzburg area.
Due to the effects of the Congress of Vienna , the Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach was elevated to a Grand Duchy in 1815. In 1816 the places of the Lichtenberg back court with Kaltensundheim came to the Kaltennordheim Justice Office. The district court district Ostheim consisted of the exclave Ostheim and the place Melpers.
In 1849/50, jurisdiction was separated from administration in the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . The Ostheim office was merged with other offices in the Rhön to form the Dermbach administrative district , also known as the IV administrative district , with its seat in Dermbach . This comprised the southern part of the former Duchy of Saxony-Eisenach , which was also known as the Eisenacher Oberland in the 19th century .
The Ostheim exclave from 1850 to 1945
In 1918 the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach became the Free State of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach , which in turn became part of the State of Thuringia on May 1, 1920 . In the course of a comprehensive regional reform, the Dermbach administrative district was dissolved in 1922. The Ostheim exclave was assigned to the district of Meiningen . But it was in relation to specialist administrations the Franconian area , d. H. assigned to the Lower Franconian district of Mellrichstadt .
Under the rule of the National Socialists Ostheim belonged to the Gau Thuringia with the district leadership Meiningen. As for the division of the party and armaments organizations such as the Wehrmacht, SA, SS, security and order police, etc. according to military districts, Ostheim was assigned to Franks. The responsibilities overlapped, which led to a rivalry on different levels of power: The district administrators Gommlich (Meiningen) and Unger (Mellrichstadt) fought each other as did the Gauleiter and later Reich Defense Commissioners Sauckel (Thuringia) and Wagner (Bavaria), with the highest instance the Reich Minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick and Reichsleiter Martin Bormann were also involved.
The dispute over the exclave widened and from autumn 1939 was led by the Reich Defense Commissioners Wagner and Sauckel themselves. Thuringia initially asserted itself with the help of Sauckel's relationships with higher-ranking officials. The conflict broke out again in 1942 after Hitler and Bormann had the Gauleiter strengthened. Each Gauleiter was now his own Reich Defense Commissioner and exclaves were assigned to the district that largely enclosed them - in the case of Ostheim this was the Mellrichstadt district. A little later Ostheim was also economically subordinate to Bavaria and on January 1, 1944, the Mellrichstädter District Administrator took over the management.
Ostheim remained with Bavaria, however, and the American military governments did not change anything in this situation. On June 15, 1945, the commanders of Meiningen and Neustadt / Saale agreed that Ostheim should stay with Neustadt. In 1947, the state of Thuringia accepted the "peaceful annexation" of Ostheim, without, however, officially renouncing - the history of the exclave was over. Melpers, however, stayed with Thuringia and was now on the inner-German border .
Associated places
The Lichtenberg office was divided into two judicial districts, which, in addition to the city of Ostheim, included two market towns, 8 villages, 5 farms and 5 deserted areas and further forests.
Places of the "front court"
- Cities
- Ostheim before the Rhön with the Lichtenburg
- Villages
- Sondheim before the Rhön
- Urspringen
- Stetten (Stettihaha)
- Melpers
- Desolation
- Altenfeld
- Korbes and Reipers (were in the Würzburg Hochstifts area, but belonged to the residents of Stetten)
Places of the "back court" (belonged temporarily to the Kaltennordheim office)
- Market town
- Kaltensundheim (Sundheim in pago Tullifeldon)
- Helmershausen
- Villages
- Gerthausen (Garrothusen)
- Schafhausen
- Wohlmuthausen
- Maßbach (Saxon part until 1802, exclave south of Münnerstadt)
- Individual goods
- Hof Gereuth
- Kohlhausen Castle (near Helmershausen, later desolate)
- Ober- and Unterweimarschmiede (until the beginning of the 19th century)
- Zillbach (exclave near Dermbach), consisting of:
- Desolation
- Pfaffenhausen
- Wombach
literature
- Kronfeld, Constantin: Thuringian-Saxon-Weimar history. - Weimar: Böhlau, 1878. - (Regional studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach; T. 1) / [reviewed by:] Ulrich Stechele
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ On the Genealogy of the Counts of Henneberg and the Popponic Lines, p. 88f. ( Memento of the original from February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Lichtenburg Castle on www.burgenwelt.de
- ↑ exchange of territory in 1808 Rhon lexicon
- ↑ Weimarschmieden in Rhon lexicon
- ^ Power struggle for the Ostheim exclave in the Rhön Lexikon
- ↑ Wüstung Altenfeld in Rhon lexicon
- ↑ [1]
