Eisenacher Oberland
Eisenacher Oberland is the historical name for the southwestern part of the Wartburg district in the former Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach . This name comes from the first half of the 19th century . After the end of the independent state of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach in 1920, this name was retained as a synonym for the Thuringian Rhön .
history
After their defeat by Napoleon in 1795 , Prussia and Austria arranged for the princes to be compensated for the loss of the areas on the left bank of the Rhine , also with a view to the loss of the Austrian territories in the Netherlands . The solution found in this situation was the secularization of the still existing spiritual principalities in the empire. In 1802 the prince-bishops of Fulda were deposed. The Fulda possessions went to Wilhelm Friedrich von Oranien-Nassau until 1806 Napoleon annexed the province of Fulda. In 1810 it became part of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt . At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the province was dissolved and, after a year of Prussian administration, handed over to the Electorate of Hesse and the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. The southern and Hohe Rhön came to Lower Franconia at that time, the western areas formed the districts of Fulda and Hersfeld.
With the territorial changes, an administrative reform was necessary in 1816 and supplemented by further structural reforms in 1850. The Grand Duchy was divided into five administrative districts, with the new administrative district of Dermbach being created south of the Eisenach administrative district . This was subdivided into the legal offices of Geisa, Kaltennordheim, Stadtlengsfeld, Ostheim and Vacha . The Tiefenort office went to Eisenach. All judicial offices were subordinate to the district court in Eisenach. The other administrative authorities in the country adopted this administrative structure.
A particular problem was the canonical unification of the parts of the country and the administration of the Catholic-influenced places. In Weimar there was previously no competent administrative office for the Catholic parishes. A formal continuation of the Fulda administration was to be prevented for understandable reasons, so negotiations were carried out with the diocese of Paderborn to find a solution. At the same time the only Catholic monastery (in Dermbach) was dissolved and the monks retired.
After the new administrative districts were joined, there was initially no economic integration with the Weimar area. The Eisenach part of the area benefited from sheep breeding (Eichel-Streibersche Textilmanufakturen) and from the craftsmanship of the Rhöner Schnitzer (Ruhla tobacco pipe manufacturer). A porcelain factory was founded in Stadtlengsfeld.
Apart from road construction and the Feldabahn as well as the town church of Kaltennordheim, there were no major state or representative buildings during the reign of the Grand Dukes of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. The ducal hunting lodge in Zillbach was built on the site of a hunting lodge before 1800, as were the churches in Probsteizella and Dermbach. Existing castles in Geisa, Kaltennordheim, Dermbach, Ostheim were used by the administration.
After the First World War and the proclamation of the Free State of Thuringia in Weimar in 1920, the existing administrative structure was abolished and the districts were created, which then also had their own administrative district offices.
literature
- Grand Ducal Saxony-Weimar-Eisenachisches Hof- und Staatshandbuch to the year 1819. Weimar 1819.
- Karl Helmrich: History of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach for school and home. Weimar, 1852
- C. Kronfeld: Regional studies of the Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. Second part. Weimar 1879.
- Voss, Georg: Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach. The district court districts of Vacha, Geisa, Stadtlengsfeld, Kaltennordheim and Ostheim vd Rhön. In: Lehfeldt, Paul / Voss, Georg (eds.): Building and art monuments of Thuringia. Booklet XXXVII. Jena 1911
- Adelbert Schröter Land on the road. The history of the Catholic parishes in the Thuringian Rhön St. Benno Verlag Leipzig 1989. ISBN 3-7462-0430-5
- Edwin Schmidt: On the history of the Eisenacher Oberland. In: Heimatjournal for Rhön, Grabfeld and Southern Thuringia. Meiningen, September issue, 1997, p33.
- Hans Gross: Look around the landscape of the Eisenacher Oberland. Ridges, ridges and charming valleys . In: MFB Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Eisenach (ed.): StadtZeit. City journal with information from the Wartburg district . April issue. Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2001, p. 39-41 .
swell
- ↑ Hans Patze , Peter Aufgebauer (Ed.): Handbook of the historical sites of Germany . Volume 9: Thuringia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 313). 2nd, improved and supplemented edition. Kröner, Stuttgart 1989, ISBN 3-520-31302-2 , p. LXIII ff.