proclamation

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A proclamation (from Latin proclamare , “to shout out loud, shout”; from pro , “before, for”, and clamare , “to call”; and from French proclamation , “proclamation, proclamation”) is a public call , an announcement or a public declaration , historically made by a proclamator .

A general distinction is made between official proclamations by states or state organs with a binding character and proclamations by political-social groups or organizations that both try to win the mood of the addressees. In addition, the procedure of proclaiming the beginning of a rule over a certain ruling territory is called a proclamation. For example, the proclamation of Elector took place on January 1, 1806 Maximilian I. Joseph as King of Bavaria instead.

The announcement of the intention to marry of two people, the bidding , was referred to as a "proclamation" because it was done by reading out a corresponding text during the service.

In the cities, laws, ordinances, etc. were "proclaimed" until modern times, so that they would become known and effective.

international law

The law , however, defines the proclamation as the formal declaration of one or more States have their own views or intentions on relations between states that do not follow certain recipients generally directed, but to the international community.

Unilateral proclamations, for example, play a special role in maritime law . In contrast to contracts , the multi-page proclamations lack the character of an obligation.

Examples

The proclamation of the Reich Administrator , the first all-German head of state , from 1848
  • The proclamations of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. As part of the March Revolution in 1848
  • The proclamation "To the German people" by the Reich Administrator of July 15, 1848 announced that the Germans would take office.
  • The German imperial proclamation of Versailles on January 18, 1871 was a symbolic act: The Prussian King Wilhelm affirmed that he would accept the dignity of Emperor, and the princes affirmed that this was their wish. Symbolic because Wilhelm had already been constitutionally made emperor on January 1st. The act is therefore not synonymous with the founding of an empire , even if the later term " Reich Foundation Day " suggests this.
  • Easter Proclamation - April 24, 1916 Declaration of Ireland's independence from Great Britain
  • The proclamation of the republic in Germany on November 9, 1918 was essentially a proclamation. On the other hand, the SPD politician and State Secretary Philipp Scheidemann was formally not authorized to do this, neither by the Chancellor nor by the party chairman. Likewise, when he was proclaimed on the same day , the Spartacus politician Karl Liebknecht could at best speak for a political group.
  • In contrast, the proclamations of the Allied Control Council of August 30, September 20, and October 20, 1945 were legislative acts.
  • June 18, 1946 - Proclamation of the Republic of Italy
  • November 15, 1983 - unilateral proclamation of the " Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus "
  • May 24, 1993 - Proclamation of Eritrea's independence
  • November 11, 1994 - Announcement of the Federal Government's proclamation on the expansion of the German territorial sea
  • In the pre-Carnival period, the proclamation of princes is solemnly called.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Announcement of the Federal Government's proclamation on the expansion of the German territorial sea of November 11, 1994 (Federal Law Gazette I p. 3428; PDF; 25 kB)