Habichtsburg
| Habichtsburg | ||
|---|---|---|
 |
||
| Alternative name (s): | Habesburg | |
| Creation time : | around 1100 | |
| Castle type : | Spurburg | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Ministerial of the Hochstift Würzburg | |
| Place: | Meiningen | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 35 '11.7 " N , 10 ° 23' 32.5" E | |
| Height: | 370 m above sea level NN | |
|
||
The Habichtsburg , formerly called Habesburg , was a medieval rock castle on a rock spur about 40 meters above the bottom of the Haßfurt Gorge west of the city of Meiningen . Together with the city and the northern district of Walldorf, it formed an exclave of the Würzburg monastery in the period from 1008 to 1542 and was of great strategic importance even at the time of its creation.
location
The castle ruins are located at 370 m above sea level. NN on the eastern edge of the Rhön in the northwestern part of the Meiningen city forest on the western slope of the Kallberg ( 415.8 m above sea level ), around 40 meters above the bottom of the Haßfurt Gorge. A hiking trail known as the "Alte Frankfurter Straße" leads through the gorge, which was an important trade route in the Middle Ages. Around two kilometers to the north was the Würzburg castle , which was built over by Landsberg Castle since 1840 . The distance to Meiningen city center is around 2.5 kilometers as the crow flies. From the western outskirts, the Landsberg and the Drei 30acker district , the Habichtsburg can be easily reached via signposted hiking trails. The castle is located a little below the ridge of the mountain on a ledge. A pilgrimage destination of the Catholic community of Meiningen is located in the Haßfurt Gorge, not far from the Habichtsburg .
description
The castle complex, only around 70 × 40 meters in size, is placed on a rock spur. Rock walls falling vertically on three sides provided natural protection. From the east, access was through a neck ditch up to seven meters wide and ten meters deep as well as a barricade ditch that was about thirty meters in front of it and now only visible in remnants. A precise interpretation of the now existing wall remains and their dating is made difficult by the fact that the square was built over with an art ruin in the 19th century, the building material of which, however, was largely taken from the medieval castle ruins.
Behind the neck ditch, the remains of the eastern part of the surrounding wall can initially be found. The existing building had to be specially protected in the event of an attack, which is why the former donjon was located directly next to the building , this was a round tower built from double-shell masonry (5.2 meters inside diameter). It was replaced by a pavilion in the 19th century . The following buildings and courtyards to the west are located in a rocky area accessible by stairs on three terrace areas. There is even greater uncertainty about the size and appearance of the buildings, as there are hardly any remains of walls. In the northern steep slope a staircase leads to a circular shaft 3.1 meters in diameter sunk into the rock. The shaft was dug to the bottom in the 19th century, probably in the usual hope of valuable finds, and thus the scientific findings were destroyed. Today the hiking trail leads past, this enables visitors to take a tour of the castle grounds.
history
In 1008, as part of his domestically motivated imperial church policy, when the diocese of Bamberg was re-established in 1007, Heinrich II made large donations from the imperial property to the monasteries and their abbots as well as the bishoprics and bishops of the empire. This is how the royal estates of Meiningen and Walldorf came to the diocese of Würzburg . To protect this enclave among other Habichtsburg was built at the same time the castle made it possible to complete monitoring and control of leading here from Gotha to Wurzburg and Fulda and Frankfurt trade routes, the so-called High Street , in the Hassfurt as Alte Frankfurter Straße referred . In the 12th century, Count Goswin von Stahleck acquired the castle from the Würzburg bishop. His son Pfalzgraf bei Rhein Hermann von Stahleck sold this to Poppo III in 1156 . von Henneberg-Irmelshausen . to finance the Bildhausen monastery With the relocation of the traffic routes, the Habichtsburg lost its key strategic position and fell into disrepair. A later reconstruction was not allowed by the Würzburgers .
status
The castle is a listed building and is a protected ground monument . It is an excursion destination and station of several hiking trails, including the premium hiking trail Der Meininger .
gallery
Neck ditch
Ruin of the keep
Rock chamber
19th century stairs
literature
- Ludwig Bechstein : Meiningen and its surroundings. Kesselringsche Hofbuchhandlung, Meiningen / Hildburghausen 1842.
- Alfred Erck (Ed.): Meiningen. Lexicon on city history. Bielsteinverlag, Meiningen 2008, ISBN 978-3-9809504-4-2 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Helmuth Tischer: The Habichtsburg near Meiningen. In: Prehistory and local research. Vol. 25, 1988, ZDB -ID 971727-4 , pp. 12-19.
- ↑ Norbert Hübscher in: Alfred Erck (Ed.): Meiningen. Lexicon on city history. 2008, p. 102
- ↑ Mainfränkisches Jahrbuch für Geschichte ( Memento of the original dated February 2, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Wolfgang Epple: The Counts of Höchstadt-Stahleck. ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 2007.
- ^ Heinrich Wagner : Regesten der Cistercienserabbey Bildhausen 1158-1525 (= sources and research on the history of the diocese and bishopric of Würzburg. Vol. 37). Commission publisher Ferdinand Schöningh, Würzburg 1987, ISBN 3-87717-040-4 .
Remarks
- ↑ There was no direct visual relationship between the two castle complexes due to the existing topography (mountain slope), but from the Habichtsburg one could see the northern Walldorf location with castle, as well as the Wasung area (castle Maienluft, Hümburg, town Wasungen).
- ↑ This is probably more of a tank cistern than a well, and a narrow footpath leads down into the gorge from there, which in turn indicates an additional water supply (donkey) and thus a cistern.
- ↑ In the context of the state's history, the castle cannot have acted for and against the Counts of Henneberg or the Würzburgs at the same time. In the older literature there are numerous reports on this from Bechstein, among others in the archive for the Herzoglich-Sachsen-Meinigischen Lande. 1. Volume 1832ff. and 2nd volume 1834ff.
,_Nachtaufnahme.jpg)