Undersize field
coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 50 ° 32 ' N , 10 ° 25' E |
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Basic data | ||
State : | Thuringia | |
County : | Schmalkalden-Meiningen | |
Fulfilling municipality : | Meiningen | |
Height : | 295 m above sea level NHN | |
Area : | 10.79 km 2 | |
Residents: | 1304 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
Population density : | 121 inhabitants per km 2 | |
Postal code : | 98617 | |
Area code : | 036949 | |
License plate : | SM, MGN | |
Community key : | 16 0 66 076 | |
Address of the municipal administration: |
Teichstrasse 5a 98617 Untermaßfeld |
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Website : | ||
Mayor : | Rolf Pohland (active for Untermaßfeld - Liede) | |
Location of the municipality Untermaßfeld in the district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen | ||
Untermaßfeld is a municipality in the district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen in the Franconian south of Thuringia . The fulfilling municipality for Untermaßfeld is the city of Meiningen .
geography
Untermaßfeld is four kilometers south of the district town of Meiningen on the Werra . To the north of the village, the Sülze flows into the Werra from the left .
history
Untermaßfeld was first mentioned in a document in 837. The Maßfeld moated castle was only known to have been mentioned in the first half of the 14th century. A document from 1350 says that the Truchsess brothers opened a fortification for the Bishop of Würzburg. This secure mention is from the year 1375. The fortress became the widow seat of Henneberg Countess Katharina in the 15th century.
The pledging of half of Henneberg Castle from Schleusinger to the Römhild line of the Counts of Henneberg in 1393 probably resulted in the transfer of the Henneberg Bailiwick to Maßfeld Castle. The new, extensive Maßfeld office was established here by 1429 .
After the death of Count Georg Ernst von Henneberg in 1583, the Albertines and Ernestines shared the inheritance by contract ( Kahla Treaty ). The place came to the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen in 1680 . During the Thirty Years War, Maßfeld Castle was destroyed in 1646, later fortified again, but abandoned as a fortress. Since then it has served as a prison.
Untermaßfeld was persecuted by witches from 1600 to 1671: five women got into witch trials . Gertraud, Hans Storandt's wife, was beheaded in 1631.
politics
Municipal council
The local council from Untermaßfeld consists of 12 council members.
- FWV Untermaßfeld (Fire Brigade Association Untermaßfeld) 5 seats
- FW per undersized field (free voters per undersized field) 3 seats
- Active for U-field - Liedertafel (active for Untermaßfeld / Liedertafel Untermaßfeld) 2 seats
- Under-measure fields of federal voters 1 seat
- The left 1 seats
(Status: 2014 local elections)
mayor
The honorary mayor Rolf Pohland was elected on June 5, 2016.
administration
The fulfilling municipality for Untermaßfeld is the city of Meiningen .
coat of arms
Blazon : “Square, in one and four in black a silver lattice, in three in gold on a green three-hill a red-armored black hen, divided into four, above in gold a growing black double-headed eagle, below of silver and red in three rows of five places shaft. "
Buildings
- Untermaßfeld is best known for its moated castle . Since it was established in 1813 as the central penal institution of the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen , this still serves as a correctional facility . The occupancy of 250 people on average increased dramatically during the Nazi era : in 1935, 551 prisoners were counted. In 1936 there was an increase in storeys and auxiliary buildings were built, so that over 1500 people, including a large number of slave laborers , were imprisoned during the war years . A grave field in the cemetery commemorates 51 prisoners who died. There is a memorial stone in the Meiningen Park Cemetery for 49 political prisoners from the Soviet military justice system who died of hunger and disease in Untermaßfeld from 1950 to 1952 .
- At the northern exit of the village, a five-arched stone bridge from the late Middle Ages crosses the Werra.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
In the northwest of the village there are several large ponds in which fish farming is carried out. In the south there is an industrial park created in the 1990s. The largest employer is the JVA Untermaßfeld.
Transport links
Untermaßfeld is on the federal highway 89 , has a stop on the Werra Railway and has connections there to the Meiningen – Sonneberg and Meiningen – Erfurt railway lines . The closest motorway junction is the Meiningen-Süd junction of the A 71, five kilometers away .
Culture and sights
Personalities
The writer and numismatist Johann Christoph Rasche (1733–1805), editor of the Lexicon universae rei numariae veterum , was pastor in Untermaßfeld from 1763 to 1805 .
Hermann Ohland (born May 3, 1888 in Untermaßfeld, † December 16, 1953 in Friedelshausen) was a German educator, pastor, song writer of the German Christians and NSDAP member
The writer Walter Werner lived in Untermaßfeld until his death in 1995. His grave is in the local cemetery.
Historical monuments
Two memorial stones in the village commemorate 17 slave laborers from the Soviet Union who perished in the potash mining in Merkers , as well as 107 citizens of the United Nations .
Fossil site
The approximately one million year old fossils from the river bed of the Ur-Werra near Untermaßfeld allow deep insights into the animal world of the Ice Age in the Old Pleistocene (section in the Pleistocene ). It is one of the most important and richest fossil sites of its time in Europe. The fossil finds reveal a very rich fauna of large animals at this time. The large carnivores at the site include two different saber-toothed cats ( Megantereon cultridens and Homotherium crenatidens ), the European jaguar ( Panthera onca gombaszoegensis ), the European puma ( Puma pardoides ), an extinct species of cheetah ( Acinonyx pardinensis ), an extinct species of lynx ( Lynxiodorensis ) , the giant hyena ( Pachycrocuta brevirostris ), a wild dog Xenocyon lycaonoides , wolves ( Canis lupus mosbachensis ) and ancestors of today's brown bear.
No human remains were found. From 2008 onwards, a “hobby researcher” published that there were traces of human processing on bones and primitive stone tools turned out to be wrong. In the Spiegel it was reported that they were connected to robbery excavations at the site, and in November 2017 the journal Journal of Human Evolution distanced itself from the claims published in it in May 2016.
Clubs in Untermaßfeld
- MCV Maßfelder Carneval Verein eV
- Liedertafel Untermaßfeld 1888 eV
- Fire Brigade Association Untermaßfeld 1924 eV
- Castle and Heimatverein eV
- Sports club SV Untermaßfeld eV
- Shooting club "Im Werratal" eV
- Association of garden and settler friends "Teichgrund" Untermaßfeld eV
- Country Women's Association
- DRK senior club
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ↑ Thomas Bienert Medieval castles in Thuringia. 430 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , pp. 272 and 273.
- ↑ Undersize field
- ↑ Kai Lehmann : Innocent. Witch hunt south of the Thuringian Forest. Over 500 researched cases from the 16th and 17th centuries. Wehry-Verlag, Untermaßfeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-9813902-8-5 , p. 363; Kai Lehmann: Exhibition "Luther and the Witches". Untermaßfeld area, Library Museum Schloss Wilhelmsburg Schmalkalden, 2012; Ronald Füssel: The persecution of witches in the Thuringian area (= publications of the working group for historical witchcraft and crime research in Northern Germany. Vol. 2). DOBU-Verlag, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-934632-03-3 , pp. 240–244, (at the same time: Marburg, University, dissertation, 2000).
- ↑ Results of the 2009 local elections
- ↑ Mayor election in Untermaßfeld. Election result .
- ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. Volume 8: Thuringia. VAS - Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 260 f.
- ^ Helmut Hemmer: Out of Asia: A Paleoecological Scenario of Man and his Carnivorous Competitors in the European Lower Pleistocene. In: David Lordkipanidze , Ofer Bar-Yosef , Marcel Otte (Eds.): Early Humans at the Gates of Europe. Proceedings of the First International Symposium Dmanisi, Tbilisi (Georgia) September 1998 (= Etudes et Recherches Archéologiques de l'Université de Liège. 92, ZDB -ID 1139409-2 ). Université de Liège, Liège 2000, pp. 99-106.
- ↑ a b Guido Kleinhubbert: Bone hunters in the photo trap. In: Der Spiegel , 2017, No. 50, pp. 128–129
- ^ Günter Landeck: Migration of early humans to Central Europe before the Middle Pleistocene? - New archaeological evidence from Germany. Online publication on the website of the North Hessian Association for Prehistory and Early History and Archeology of the Middle Ages eV , 2008, full text (PDF) ( Memento from May 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Wil Roebroeks , Sabine Gaudzinski-Windheuser , Michael Baales, Ralf-Dietrich Kahlke: Uneven Data Quality and the Earliest Occupation of Europe: The Case of Untermassfeld (Germany). In: Journal of Paleolithic Archeology. Online publication from December 27, 2017, doi: 10.1007 / s41982-017-0003-5
- ↑ The history of mankind does not have to be rewritten: The "Untermaßfeld case". On: senckenberg.de from January 15, 2018
- ^ Journal of Human Evolution: Expression of concern on 'The oldest hominin butchery in European mid-latitudes at the Jaramillo site of Untermassfeld (Thuringia, Germany)'. In: Journal of Human Evolution. Online publication of November 13, 2017, doi: 10.1016 / j.jhevol.2017.11.001