Rhöner Platt
Rhöner Platt (also Rhönerisch or Rhönisch ) is the dialect or dialect (cf. Platt ) that is spoken in the Rhön .
Rhönerisch | ||
---|---|---|
Spoken in |
Bavaria , Hesse , Thuringia | |
Linguistic classification |
The Rhön extends over the three federal states of Bavaria , Hesse and Thuringia . You can then roughly subdivide the Rhön dialect. However, the dialect often differs from village to village.
Rhön dialect in Thuringia, Hesse and Bavaria
The “Rhöner Platt” of Thuringia and Hesse lies in the transition area between two clearly distinguishable language areas, the Main Franconian and the East Hessian dialect area. The border runs through the entire Rhön from south-west to north-east. As a result, one can see very strong East Hessian-Rhine Franconian parallels on a line from Fulda via Tann to south of Bad Salzungen , while East Franconian dialects of Henneberg are spoken east of this language border and, further south in the Bavarian Rhön, Grabfeldic is spoken.
The spoken dialects clarify the settlement history of the Rhön and its adjacent territories, which probably goes back to the time of Charlemagne and took place in several stages. Apart from the original Celtic settlement, the first Germanic settlements were probably founded by Chatten and Hermunduren , the later Thuringians. It can also be assumed that Alemanni traversed this area and gave names to places with -ingen and -ungen (examples: Wasungen, Meiningen, Salzungen, Breitungen, Behrungen, Fladungen ...).
After the conquest of the Thuringian kingdom from the 5th to the 8th century Frankish settlers forced the once up to the Main settled Thuringian beyond the Rennsteig back. As bitter power struggles over the existing salt springs repeatedly occurred in the area around Bad Salzungen , a mixed dialect of Main Franconian , East Hessian and West Thuringian dialects emerged, which illustrates the constant change in the local balance of power. This transition zone north of the Rhön is assigned to the West Thuringian dialect area according to the current state of linguistic research.
The dialect south of the salt arch , known as Hennebergisch , developed from Main Franconian . Here one searches in vain for the linguistic characteristics typical of West Thuringia as well as the typical linguistic melodies. If you look at the Rhön language in context, you can hardly find any Thuringian-Upper Saxon parallels and the “Uiswäardije” will think that he is already in Hesse or Franconia .
Use of language today
In order to save the children difficulties in school and especially in German lessons, their parents had mostly only spoken to them in High German since the 1970s, which means that the dialect is rarely heard in the villages today. The generation of today's 25 to 35-year-olds still understands the dialect, but no longer speaks it - as they are hardly familiar with it in active use. The older generation (from around 50) changes fluently depending on the conversation partner just addressed. The Rhöner Platt seems to be the more familiar and preferred language only for those over 70.
Regional particularities
In this article, the selected words from linguistic research, such as B. apple, wine, man etc., deliberately not included, as this almost completely distorts the overall picture of a language, especially in border regions and transitional areas. In a dictionary or when defining dialect boundaries, the peculiarity of the "B" for "W" in question words or the designation for yesterday " next " might be a decisive criterion.
Examples from the Hessian and Thuringian Rhön and Vorderrhön
It is characteristic of the entire Rhön and the Henneberger Land that the initial letter W becomes a B in question words . How becomes bie , what - boas , why - boarümm and so on.
- Example: “If you don't believe it, you should wall it up.” - Baers ned glaid, d'r müerds .
Another peculiarity is the use of the main verb in the endless infinitive plus ge after the use of the auxiliary verbs “can” and “like”.
- Example: " You can't go now !" Or " You can get me moa hoggel !"
East Franconian is z. B. the name for the hallway, which is called almost everywhere (Hus-, Huis-) Earrn . Also the Weck or the Weckle ( Weag / Weagle / Weagje ) can still be found, although the bread roll often prevails.
Like our Germanic ancestors, the Rhöner still calls the days before today the next . The Teutons didn't count the days, but the nights that had passed. Except in the Rhön and Hennebergischen this designation has only survived in some areas of Austria .
In East Hesse , yeast dough bread is called Schorrn , in the Rhön and the neighboring areas the Christstollen is called that, which is made from yeast dough. The Hessian banging for hanging, eiwie (allewie) for now and iwes for somebody or kutte for swapping, you can hear here as well as the Thuringian Kärrnje for a small car, dawning for kicking. Dumplings are called hats , which are not formed by "turning", but by " Hullern ".
A good insight into the "Platt" of the Thuringian Rhön and Vorderrhön provide u. a. the poet and legend collector Christian Ludwig Wucke in his book Uis minner Haimet and in the volume of poems Rhönklänge by the dialect poet August Herbart .
Sound shifts
In the High and Late Middle Ages, the Middle High German long vowels î, û, iu were diphthongized to the two sounds ei, au, äu / eu (" New High German Diphthongization "). Written distribution began in the 12th century from the southern area and appeared for the first time in Carinthian documents . In some of the New High German dialects , however, the old Middle High German long lute was preserved (North Hessian and North Thuringian dialects, Alemannic dialects in the southwest). Example: mîn → my, Hûs → house, hiut → today .
Diphthongization in Middle High German û → ui or preservation as u or palatalized ü
Examples:
- Middle High German h û s (New High German "house") becomes either H ui s or H u s , depending on the dialect ; in some villages the latter is palatalised to H üü s .
- We are au s H au s r au s gone. " Mei senn ui s'm H ui s r ui s goange"
Prefix ei → ih
Examples:
- From one bought ih n'käuwd; ih n'kaiwd or, to the south, ih n'köuwt.
- What did you do yesterday ei ngekauft? " Boas hoast dou nächde ih n'käuft? "
enter → inga
pour out → inscheank
Income → inc
Diphthong- egg
-ei is not spoken as in High German (he knows, to marry, ...). The pronunciation of these umlauts is like calling “Hey”, ie a -äj .
The a -sound → oa
Examples:
- From the number a will cht oa cht, from ged a cht is ged oa cht , from w a s b oa s .
- W a s m a du waxed today at a cht? B oa s m oa chst dou hitt (hütt) omm (ümm) oa cht?
Attention, exception! From work is not Oarwed but Ärrwwed .
Single words
dinner | Noachtasses / Oamdässer | |
different | onnerschd | |
job | Awed | |
out | uis | |
excuse | Uisrede | |
dangle, hang | bämbel | |
Beans | Buinn , Boarn | |
sweet | Gamble | |
Horseflies (insect) | Braeme | |
back then | (den-) sellma / sellichma (from selbmal) | |
ceiling | Kolder | |
Drawbar | Gischel | |
Village | Duurf | |
Leftovers (not recycled) | * Oads , Oadze | * "Oads ned so bad!" |
Food from the previous day (leftover) | Ewwerläng's | |
about | * afraid | * "Weisd dous are afraid of bad?" |
something | ebbes | |
graveyard | Kehrfet / Keerfich / Kirfich / Gottsoagger | |
sufficient / sufficient | * taste | * It shakes! |
yesterday | nights | |
grandmother | Eller | |
grandfather | Ällerfoad'r | |
Entrance hall | (Huis-) earrn | |
marry | frej | |
any (somehow) | * iwes (-d) (iwesbie) | * " Ban ech iwes (-d) äbbes feng!" |
jacket | Munch | |
Boy | Jong (Jöngje) / Buur / Buuh | |
children | Wännsd | |
Dumplings | Hüt's (Hütes, Hödes) | |
Head (in the sense of head) | Haid | |
Head (often in use) | Co-op | |
not at all | ewwrhaid ned | |
headscarf | Haidleappje , Huudl | |
chick | Liffche , Lüffche , Gobbelle | |
Rags, scraps of cloth | Huddel | |
left handed | Lainkdoadsch | |
milk | Mellich | |
Carrots | Gaale Röbe | |
neck | Ahnk | |
Slap | Doachtel, Urfier | |
Godfather | Peddlers | |
Godmother | Dumb | |
Pastor | Pfoar | |
Pump well / water pump | Boumbelborn | |
Quark | Madde | |
roll | hullern | |
wheelbarrow | Roadwänn | |
Black stomach | Schwoatemoache | |
pen | Step bridge | |
St. Nicholas | Herrsche-Kloas / henneb. Rule-Robbenickel | |
Stollen (Christ ~ / Christmas ~) | Schittche , Schoarrn | |
Socks | Foerbes | |
Sweets | Schnupp , Schnöpp | |
to eat sweets | sniff | |
Handkerchiefs (handkerchiefs) | Pimples | |
To deceive | Frocks | |
bird | Voichel | |
Bird house | Voichelshuis | |
earlier | elärt | |
be picky about food | to be cold | |
further | widderschd | |
word | Wuurd | |
time | Zied | |
Gypsies | Zichiener / Zichüner | |
sausage | What | |
plums | Quoatsche / Quätsche |
question words
how ? | bie? |
who ? | bear (r)? |
What ? | boas? |
Why? | barommen? (b'rümm?) |
where? | bohien? (bohi?) |
where from? | bohae? (buhaer?) |
which one? | beller? (beanner?) |
how much? | befill? (buffalo? boboon?) |
Place names
Bastheim | Bosde |
Spreads | Breidje |
Büchenberg | Böchemich |
Honing | Bannings |
Bremen | Brame |
Dalherda | Dalher |
Dermbach | Dermme |
Dietershausen (Künzell) | Deedeschhüüse |
Dietlas | Dädels |
Dollbach | Dellwich |
Dorndorf | Dornef |
Oak cell | Eichezäll |
Eter winds | Add wins |
Findless | Fönngels |
Fischbach | Füschbich |
Fladungen | Flädinge |
Frankenheim | Frankeme |
Friedelshausen | Freggelshuuse |
Fulda | Foll |
Geisa | Gais |
Grüsselbach | Grisselmich |
Great taffeta | Doft |
Günthers | Geundesch |
Gumpelstadt | Geumplstädt |
Haselbach | Höselbich |
Haselstein | Hollstei |
Hilders | Haldesch |
Hofaschenbach | Aeschemich |
Immelborn | Immubuon |
Kaltenborn | Kalleborn |
Jüchsen | Jusses |
Kaltenlengsfeld | Longitudinal |
Kaltennordheim | Nurde |
Kaltensundheim | Soinde |
Kaltenwestheim | Wääsde |
Crane gaps | Kroalegge |
Lahrbach | Loahrbich |
Meiningen | Meeninge or Mäninge |
Mellrichstadt | Mellerscht |
Münnerstadt | Mürscht |
Bad Neustadt an der Saale | Neuscht |
Neubrunn | Neubrünn |
Petersberg | Pedäschbärch |
Pilgrim cell | Peichezell |
Pleß (mountain) | Pale (baerk) |
Rippershausen | Ribbed shoes |
Rossbach | Rossbich |
Salting | Sälzenge |
Schwarzbach | Schworzbich |
Simmershausen | Semmerschuse |
Steinbach | Steimich |
Spahl | Spohl |
Thalau | Jackdaw |
Depth location | Defferte |
Ufhausen | Fuse |
Unteralba | Öngerall |
Subcat | Ünerkatz |
Unterufhausen | Engerfuse |
Unterweid | Öngerwied |
Vacha | subject |
Wechterswinkel | Gluaschde (from monastery) |
Weilar | Wiler |
Wendershausen | Wengerschhuse |
Wernshausen | Wernshuse |
Wasungen | Woasinge |
Wittges | Wittes |
Desert saxons | Soarse |
Zillbach (near Eichenzell) | Zillwich |
Sentence examples
Standard German | Flat | Audio sample |
---|---|---|
When we talk, you won't understand a word anymore! | Boann mäi schwoaddze, foastädd äi käi wúrd mää! | |
Do what you want! | Moch bos de west! | |
Nothing stirs or moves. | 's raed uon rebbeld six nöschd. | |
We go to work. | Mäi genn arwed. | |
Shut up! | Hall's Muill! (Moach kai blared!) | |
Yesterday we were in the cemetery. | Next sinn may uif'm Kerfech gewoasd. | |
That was an old scoundrel! | Doas woar 'a aller Huiddich! | |
There are still herbs from yesterday. | s gitt afterwards along the Kruid from next. | |
He wants to get married. | e gedd off de Frejerej. | |
Come to me once! | Ge 'ma haa! / Come (Kimm) moa bäi mech! | |
He has a beer first. | Doa pfizd e assd e Gaales. |
Bavarian Rhön / Thuringia south of the salt arch
pronunciation
When pronouncing the words, there are often sound shifts:
out | becomes | out | becomes | |
a | o, å | e | Ä | |
i | i (e), ai | O | ü | |
u | u (o), au | t | d | |
p | b | w | b |
Examples
Moggles | calf |
Mutton | Lamb, sheep |
Hebbele | Kid, little goat |
Håsebabele | Hare, bunny |
Gobbele | chicken |
Gööger | Rooster |
Eer | Eggs ("de Eer sen Schlacht": the eggs are bad) |
Läüskaaber | Lousy boy |
Kaind | child |
Buu | Boy, boy |
Käuzi | Boy |
Fraa | woman |
Moo | man |
Weißbill | Girl, young woman |
uendisnächde / five nights | the day before yesterday |
Drabbe | stairway |
abbes | something |
Huudl | headscarf |
Oadze | leftover scraps |
Dambesse | potato pancakes |
Schoifelich | fried potatoes |
Schdroddse | Liquid manure, manure |
Bås hasde gsöhd? | What did you say? |
Mer sense inhibition. | We went home. |
The Rhüe is beautiful. | The Rhön is beautiful. |
Bu is har then? | Where is he? |
Web links
- Poems in Salzunger Platt
- Dialect project ToM of the media center Fulda with sound recordings
- Thuringian dialect research at Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Remarks
- ↑ While in the northern and central German language areas the dialect is called Low German , the southern German language area prefers the Greek-based name dialect. Often there is confusion with the Low German " Plattdütsch " when the spoken dialect is called Platt in the Central German regions . It is common practice to put names of places, landscapes or regions in front of the word - Platt , in order to describe one's own dialect more closely. Examples: Sälzenger Platt, Herschfäller Platt, Rhöner Platt, Henneberger Platt, Föller Platt, Deedeschhüser Platt ,
- ↑ Thuringian Dialect Research Unit: West Thuringian , accessed on March 20, 2018
- ↑ Thuringian Dialect Research Unit: Hennebergisch , accessed on March 20, 2018
See also
- Franconian languages
- Hinterland Platt
- Wittgensteiner Platt
- Waller Platt
- Siegerland Platt
- Saarland dialect
- Hunsrück
literature
- Klaus-Peter Wegera: "De Koche sän jo onne gahnz burned black". "Tanner Platt" then and now. In: We in Tann. 800 years of city history [...]. Edited by Joachim S. Hohmann. Hünfeld 1996, pp. 398-418.