Immelborn
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Immelborn
Community Barchfeld-Immelborn
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| Height : | 242 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 12.65 km² |
| Residents : | 1648 (December 31, 2011) |
| Population density : | 130 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 2012 |
| Postal code : | 36456 |
| Area code : | 03695 |
Immelborn is a district of the municipality of Barchfeld-Immelborn in the Wartburg district in Thuringia .
geography
Neighboring communities
In the south Immelborn borders on the municipality of Breitungen in the district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen , in the west and north on the district town of Bad Salzungen , in the east the Werra forms the natural border with the neighboring town of Barchfeld .
mountains
The landscape around Immelborn is shaped by the Werra valley and the foothills of the Rhön. The highest point ( 525.7 m above sea level ) in the municipality is the Hunnkuppe , a legendary hill on the Frauenbreiter district boundary. The Beiersberg ( 327.8 m above sea level ) and the Kirschberg ( 321 m above sea level ) are also worth mentioning .
Waters
The Werra floodplain has been used for gravel extraction near Immelborn for around 100 years, with three larger quarry ponds being created. The Erlensee and the Forstloch are considered natural waters . The Hunnbach rises on the outskirts of Übelroda, it flows in Wildsprechtroda into the Pfützbach , a left tributary of the Werra. Other source streams arise in the floodplain and flow unused into the Werra. The healing power of the Amalienquelle was already recognized in the Middle Ages , this mineral spring arises in the locality of Immelborn.
history
The history of Immelborn is very closely linked to the development of the Frauenbreitungen monastery and the city of Bad Salzungen as well as the aristocratic Frankenstein family.
Prehistory and early history
Due to its favorable location near old trade routes and the mouth of the Schweina brook , the Werra valley in the Barchfeld-Immelborn section was already settled in prehistoric times. Archaeological finds from the Bronze Age at the Lieseköpf (Barchfeld district) confirm this.
Immelborn was first mentioned in a document from the Frauensee monastery on December 20, 1302. The place was often referred to as Memelsbrunn , also Amalienborn , in the Middle Ages .
middle Ages
The town of Breitungen , which was already important in the High Middle Ages and has a double monastery, which is traced back to a royal court (hence Königsbreitungen), was connected to the towns of Bad Salzungen , Dorndorf and Vacha via an old road that ran along the edge of the Werra near Übelroda . Immelborn first developed on this street as a settlement of the Frauenbreitungen monastery. A castle is said to have stood on the Hunnkuppe and a pilgrimage chapel is said to have stood on the Kilianskuppe , 3 km southeast of it . One of the fortifications that the Hennebergers put on to secure their area is a land defense system - called Hähl , which was built in the 15th century south of Immelborn in the direction of Weilar . After the devastation of the Peasants' War , the Burgmannen families from Salzung determined von Cralach (Craluck) and von Buttlar to Wildsprechtroda in the village. Immelborn became the parish for the smaller districts.
Modern times
During the war between Prussia and Austria and their respective allies, fighting between Bavarian and Prussian troops broke out at Immelborn. The 4th Bavarian Infantry Division had its front in early July 1866 in the direction of the passes of the Thuringian Forest, oriented to the east, where the Prussian advance was expected. Through patrols, the Bavarian division leadership learned that the Prussian troops would instead bypass the Thuringian Forest to the north. Then Colonel Aldosser, commander of the Bavarian 9th Infantry Regiment , personally led one and a half companies and a squadron to the north for reconnaissance . In the night of July 2nd to 3rd, this troop encountered two companies of the Prussian Infantry Regiment No. 13 , but it did not come as a surprise. In the following skirmish there were three dead and 13 wounded on the Bavarian side. Among the wounded was Aldosser, who was shot in the hand. On the Prussian side there was one seriously wounded and three slightly wounded. At Dermbach there was a skirmish between Bavaria and Prussia that same night. From these nocturnal fighting the Bavarian side drew the conclusion that the Prussians were to be expected from the north instead of the east. The 4th Bavarian Infantry Division changed its front position accordingly.
20th century
During the Second World War , 200-300 men and women, mostly from Ukraine , had to do forced labor : In the metal goods factory Schmöle & Co. and in the Hellmann sawmill . In 1955 there were 1958 inhabitants.
21st century
The recreation area, which consists of two abandoned quarry ponds, the Immelborn gravel pit, and a campsite attracts thousands of visitors every year. The water sports facilities have been expanded with an additional jetty on the Werra. The former mountain school is now used as a multi-purpose building, a youth club and the home parlor have found their place here. On November 3, 2011, the mayors of the communities Immelborn and Barchfeld signed a contract on the integration of Immelborn into Barchfeld in 2012. The new community is called Barchfeld-Immelborn .
On December 31, 2012, the municipalities of Immelborn and Barchfeld merged to form the municipality of Barchfeld-Immelborn. The community Immelborn consisted of the districts Immelborn, Übelroda , Ettmarshausen and Hauenhof .
Population development
Development of the population of the former municipality:
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- Data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics - values from December 31st
mayor
The last honorary mayor, Silvia Matern , was re-elected on June 6, 2010.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was designed by the heraldist Uwe Reipert .
Economy and Infrastructure
industrial Estate
The Hartmetallwerk industrial park is located on the eastern outskirts of Immelborn. It has a total area of 14.7 hectares.
Economic development
Industrial development began in 1873 with the founding of the Deubach und Stöber metal goods factory. Other metal processing companies settled near the train station until the outbreak of World War II. During the GDR era , high-quality cutting tools and sintered carbide parts were developed and produced at VEB Hartmetallwerk Immelborn, a company belonging to the Schmalkalden tool combination. A heating plant was built on the outskirts of Ettmarshausen. A sawmill was built in Immelborn and an LPG in Übelroda. After 1990, the Ober der Brück industrial area was established on the eastern edge of Bad Salzungen , and the existing industrial settlements at Immelborn train station were expanded. The Reinhard Ranft brickworks was established in 1872 as the first company in the building materials industry . In the 1930s, the material concrete prevailed in road, bridge and industrial construction; around 1960, the abundant gravel deposits were developed by the later Immelborn gravel works in the Werraaue. In 1971 a factory for cement-bonded roof tiles was established.
The most important companies in the area today are Tribo Hartstoff GmbH and Kieswerk Wernshausen GmbH.
traffic
Road traffic
A section of the B 62 runs through the localities of Immelborn and Ettmarshausen . With the completion of the planned Werratal bridge of the B 62 west of Immelborn , the through traffic will in future be relieved of through traffic.
Rail transport
In 1872, operations on the railway line on the Werra Railway (Eisenach – Lichtenfels) began. The Immelborn Station was since the opening of the branch line to Bad Liebenstein in 1889 a Keilbahnhof and seat of a railroad board . The branch line to Bad Liebenstein was extended to Steinbach in 1927 and closed again in 1973. 10 years earlier, express trains ran e.g. B. to Leipzig .
Today the trains of the Süd-Thüringen-Bahn commute on the line Eisenach - Bad Salzungen - Meiningen - Grimmenthal - Hildburghausen - Eisfeld (- Sonneberg - Neuhaus am Rennweg ). There is a connection to the Intercity and ICE network of Deutsche Bahn in Eisenach or Fulda .
Transportation
The following bus routes operated by the Verkehrsgesellschaft Wartburgkreis mbH operate to Immelborn:
| line | Driving distance |
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| L-71 | Bad Salzungen - Immelborn - Barchfeld - Schweina - Ruhla - Eisenach |
| L-104 | Bad Salzungen - Immelborn - Barchfeld - Witzelroda - Gumpelstadt - Möhra |
| L-106 | Bad Salzungen - Immelborn - Barchfeld - Schweina - Bad Liebenstein - Steinbach |
| L-107 | Bad Salzungen - Immelborn - Barchfeld - Steinbach - Brotterode - Tabarz - Trusetal - Bad Liebenstein |
| L-134 | Bad Salzungen - Immelborn - Barchfeld - Gotha - Erfurt |
| L-135 | Bad Salzungen - Immelborn - Barchfeld - Gumpelstadt - Etterimmern - Eisenach |
| L-440 | Bad Salzungen - Immelborn - Barchfeld - Schmalkalden - Suhl |
Culture and sights
On July 1, 1994, the men's choir "1863" Immelborn (20 members) celebrated its 130th anniversary. Other cultural associations in the village are the Kirmesverein (54 members), the rural women’s association (14 members) and the Immelborn Heimatverein (24 members). In 1995, the residents of Immelborn received the title “Most Beautiful Village”.
Amalienborn and Amalienkapelle
At the foot of the steep sandstone dome on which the Immelborn Amalienkirche is built, a strong spring - the Amalienborn - comes to light , this mineral-rich spring was quickly regarded as a healing spring. The Amalienkapelle was renewed in the 16th century (inscriptions), it was protected by a surrounding wall and a wide moat, these details refer to the construction of a fortified church . Today's church building, with a rectangular floor plan and about 17 × 10 m in size, was created through renovations in the years 1707–1708.
Stork nest
Storks have been breeding on the old brick chimney on the eastern edge of the village since 1936. The nest is one of the most successful breeding grounds in southern Thuringia.
Forstloch-Riedwiesen nature reserve
The approximately 160 hectare Forstloch-Riedwiesen nature reserve is located in the Hauenhof district and extends in the floodplain on both sides of the Werra. The following biotopes can be found here as biotopes: flood basins (the Werra), gravel banks, impact and sliding slopes, soft and hard wood meadows (in remnants), wet meadows, reed beds , large sedge beds , ponds and ponds. On December 17, 1982, the first 16 hectares in the forest hole were designated as a nature reserve. Immediately after the fall of the Wall, efforts began to expand the protected areas, as massive attacks on the area through economic interests (gravel and sand mining) were to be feared. The scientific investigation of the area has now been secured as a long-term study. 192 bird species were identified, which make the nature reserve particularly valuable - it is one of the most species-rich areas in southern Thuringia. Numerous invertebrate species, bats, amphibians and mammal species can also be observed. Several information boards have been set up for visitors and a circular route has been laid out.
Personalities
- Johann Balthasar Christian Freißlich (1687–1764), composer
- Alfred Beck (1925–1994), football player
literature
- Helmut Hölzer: History of Immelborn. Local history from Immelborn and the surrounding area. (1302-1945) . Sperber Druck, Bad Salzungen 1996.
- Administrative community Barchfeld / Immelborn (publisher): Immelborn an der Werra . Sperber Druck und Werbung, Bad Salzungen 2011, p. 17 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics - Population by municipalities, fulfilling municipalities and administrative communities
- ↑ Thuringian State Surveying Office TK350 - overview map - Thuringia, Erfurt (from 1991)
- ↑ a b Thuringian Land Survey Office TK25 - sheet 5227 Bad Salzungen S , Erfurt 2008, ISBN 978-3-86140-400-2
- ^ Klaus Schmidt: Nature and Homeland Book Barchfeld / Werra 2008 . Barchfeld 2008, p. 6
- ↑ C. von Winterfeld: History of the Prussian campaigns of 1866 . Döring, Potsdam 1867, pp. 413-414. ( urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10017709-8 )
- ↑ Felix Cramer: History of the Royal Prussian First Westphalian Infantry Regiment Nro 13: From 1838 to 1868 . Coppenrath'sche Buchdruckerei, Münster 1868, pp. 55–56. ( urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10595466-6 )
- ^ Leo W. Hamm: Combat operations during the civil war in 1866 in the Rhön . S. 3. (Hamm is a retired school authority director and local researcher in Königshofen.)
- ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser to places of resistance and persecution 1933–1945 In series: Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser, Volume 8, Thuringia, Erfurt 2003, p . 324ff., ISBN 3-88864-343-0
- ^ Paul Luther: Materials for local history lessons - Bad Salzungen district, Suhl district . Ed .: Council of the Bad Salzungen District, Department of Public Education. Bad Salzungen 1959, structure of the district of Suhl (overview of the places and population of the districts), p. 5-11 .
- ↑ http://www.insuedthueringen.de/lokal/bad_salzungen/fwstzslzlokal/Ja-zu-Barchfeld-Immelborn;art83434,1798697 accessed on November 4, 2011
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 1st to December 31st, 2012
- ↑ Local elections in Thuringia on June 6, 2010. Elections for community and city council members. Preliminary results. The regional returning officer, accessed on June 6, 2010 .
- ↑ District Office Wartburgkreis (Ed.) The business location Wartburgkreis - City of Eisenach. Info folder Bad Salzungen / Eisenach 1998. p. 26
- ^ W. Ranft: The gravel extraction in the Werra valley and its economic importance . Manuscript at the Heimatverein Immelborn
- ^ Fritz Kühnlenz: Experiences on the Werra . Local history walks. Greifenverlag zu Rudolstadt, 1973, p. 266
- ↑ bundesfirmenregister.de
- ↑ Verkehrsgesellschaft Wartburgkreis mbH - timetable
- ↑ Helga Brandt: My village Immelborn . In: MFB Verlagsgesellschaft Eisenach (ed.): StadtZeit. City journal with information from the Wartburg district . February issue. Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2000, p. 31-32 .
- ↑ Evangelical Lutheran Parish Immelborn. (No longer available online.) In: Superintendentur Bad Salzungen - Dermbach online platform. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved March 3, 2009 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ludwig Hertel: Immelborn, the church . In: Architectural and Art Monuments of Thuringia , Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen, Booklet XXXV District Court District Salzungen p. 126ff.
- ^ Klaus Schmidt: The Wartburg district. Nature and landscape . In: Wartburgkreis (Ed.): Nature conservation in the Wartburgkreis . tape 7 . Printing and publishing house Frisch, Eisenach and Bad Salzungen 1999, p. 87 .
- ↑ The Forstloch-Riedwiesen nature reserve. Biotope of the Month - February 2001 . In: MFB Verlagsgesellschaft Eisenach (ed.): StadtZeit. City journal with information from the Wartburg district . March issue. Druck- und Verlagshaus Frisch, Eisenach 2001, p. 38-39 .
