Hinterland Platt

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The Hessian hinterland in the Grand Duchy of Hesse

The Hinterländer Platt is an Upper Hessian dialect spoken in the Hessian hinterland . It belongs to the West Central German dialects . The hinterland is linguistically a typical mixed area. It forms a bridge between the Central Hessian and Rhine-Franconian south and the Lower Hessian and Low German north. “ Platt ” - colloquial for “dialect, dialect” - is not to be confused conceptually with the Low German Platt (see Low German ).

Development and classification

The Hinterländer Platt in its various sound forms and differentiated forms is one of the "ancient" dialects in Central Hesse (see Middle Hessian dialects ) whose structures can be derived from Old High German and whose current sound systems correspond to Middle High German .

distribution

Generations-long marriage in the small-scale valleys, judicial districts and parishes developed a local variety of the Hinterland Platts for almost each of these areas , so that a local could assign every speaker to his home town according to his dialect ( local dialect ). Accordingly, the dialect dialects are essentially congruent with the historical breakdown into offices, judicial districts and church games. Despite these linguistic differentiations, the similarities between the different varieties are still greater than the differences.

According to Hans Friebertshäuser (see literature), important language divides run between

Within these main lines, smaller linguistic landscapes exist around

  • Bromskirchen, Dodenau, Battenfeld with its parish places, Battenberg with Holzhausen, as well
  • Dautphe with subdivisions in Eifa-Dexbach-Engelbach and Biedenkopf .
  • The Perf area shows a clear separation of the Breidenbach parish from Eisenhausen-Gönnern- Lixfeld , whereby Simmersbach stands out from this area, but includes Bottenhorn.
  • The Salzböde area is divided between the two former parishes of Hartenrod and Gladenbach , which also corresponds to the division into the upper court (today the municipality of Bad Endbach ) and the lower court (today the city of Gladenbach) of the former Blankenstein office . This border divides two districts with equally strong linguistic self-confidence from one another. Bottenhorn occupies a special position here, as the dialect spoken there differs greatly from that in the other localities of the higher court.
  • The upper Aar valley (Oberweidbach, Niederweidbach, Bischoffen) is part of a larger southern area; in the area of ​​influence of the middle Lahn (formerly the county of Solms).
  • To the west, against the neighboring Nassau (dialect in the former Dill district) and against the northern Wittgensteiner Platt, there are firm and clear dialects.

Even within the small-scale linguistic landscapes, there are often clear differences in the pronunciation of individual words from place to place. The variety in the change of vowels , in the use or omission of the consonants z. B. with prefixes and suffixes make almost every place a small island of language .

Importance of standard German

In addition to the dialect, High German was and is also widespread. The reason for this was that, since the beginning of the 19th century, a large number of the male residents worked as migrant or seasonal workers via the Wetterau to Worms, Heidelberg and Speyer or in the “Bergisches Land” to Jülich. From the second third of the 19th century until the Second World War, many worked as builders ( bricklayers ), preferably in the Siegerland or the Ruhr area. This was particularly pronounced in the villages in the hinterland to the west, where real division was common. As a result, the available agricultural land per family became smaller and smaller, so that the families could not be fed without additional income. They dropped the native dialect during the working week. Often they only came home once or twice a month at the weekend and brought new linguistic elements with them, which flowed and integrated into the dialects of the hinterland. After 1866, many young people from the hinterland had to do their military service in Prussian barracks, especially in Berlin.

In addition, Prussia , to which the hinterland belonged from 1866, carried out an elementary school reform in 1867. In contrast to the elementary schools in Saxony, Bavaria, Palatinate, Württemberg or Baden, the schools paid attention to the correct standard German language and taught standard German like a foreign language . The children grew up practically bilingual with dialect and standard German.

The distribution of the Hinterland local dialects changed significantly after the Second World War. The social and cultural change as well as the economic upswing in the 1950s and 1960s brought about significant changes in the living and working worlds of the village culture, the so-called loss of the "village job". As a result of this, as well as the regional reform in Hesse and the introduction of central schools, the site-specific characteristics of the dialects in public life were largely lost, so that outside of the school, especially in the post-war generations, a new, dialect-colored "small regional language" ( Regiolekt ) speaks.

Preservation and care

The dialect is the original form of the language and is of great importance for identity. Increasingly, regional and local cultural and history associations - meanwhile also linguists at universities - are beginning to deal with the documentation, preservation and maintenance of the local dialect. To this end, dialect and development associations such as the Association for the Preservation of Central Hessian Dialect and Culture and others are founded.

In 1982, a nationwide dialect competition was held under the motto "I'll tell you Hessian". This was carried out by the Hessian savings banks, the Landesbausparkasse and the Hessen-Nassauische Versicherung in cooperation with the Hessen-Nassauischen dictionary in the research institute for the German language at the University of Marburg. Around 1500 contributions from over 70 Hessian locations were sent in. The jury selected the newly founded Angelburg dialect group "Odermennig" around Kurt W. Sänger and Reiner Lenz as the winner. As winners, they were given the opportunity to record a record of their works. This LP with the title "Gemorje Hinnerlaand - songs, poetry & burlesques in Central Hessian dialect" was released in February 1984 in a limited edition, mostly sold through the branches of the savings banks and was quickly sold out. In 2013, the authors allowed the publication of their first and only record in digital form and for downloading the 17 tracks and the LP cover. No comparable example of pieces of music from the 1980s in Hinterland Platt has survived in this form.

An example of further efforts to maintain dialect is the Dialekt im Hinterland eV association , whose members carried out the "Dialect in the Hinterland" project over a period of ten years until 2011. It initially included a study seminar "Spoken German in Rural Areas". To this end, the association cooperated with the linguists from the Philipps University of Marburg and their professor Heinrich J. Dingeldein . The association then decided to record the currently spoken dialect on site in the villages of the Hessian hinterland and publish it on CD as an audio document. In the end, students and club members worked together to produce twelve CDs with local records from 14 locations. In 2014 the association published a poster with the title "Hinterländer Mundart", which contains 163 words and terms and in which all places of the former Biedenkopf district are represented. The poster was very well received.

In other areas of public life, the preservation of the dialect is becoming increasingly important. On the occasion of the " Day of Justice " held across Hesse in autumn 2012 , amateur actors from various communities in the hinterland re- enacted a court hearing on Hinterland Platt in the Biedenkopf district court for the first time.

Linguistic particularities

Phonology

The linguistic stress pattern clearly prefers stress on the first syllable. The unshifted 'p' ( pond "pound") connects the dialect with the north. The 's' is voiceless; the 'r' is pronounced as a retroflex tongue-r. In flexion and the nominal form of the word and action of the diffraction of the characteristic word, the 'n' away (falling call instead of calling , the old Leut instead of the old people ). This and the pronunciation of the 'g' as 'j' or 'ch' ( Berg , Berge > Berch , Berje ) have also been adopted into Hinterland High German. Other peculiarities include the change from the voiceless sounds 'k', 'p' and 't' to voiced 'g', 'b' and 'd' ( bake > bagge , fit > basse , door > Dear ), as well as that Grinding of the 'r' to 'a', especially in the ending ( men > Menna , Wetter > Wearra , Wetterau > Wearrera ), especially north of a line Bottenhorn / Holzhausen, south of this the 'r' is still pronounced.

Particularly noticeable are the so-called "fallen diphthongs ": The Middle High German falling twosomes ie , üe , and uo appear as rising twosomes äi , oi and ou : dear > läib , tired > moid, moi, moire , gut > geod , brother > Brourer, Breorer, Bröurer , Gras > Groas , das > doas .

grammar

The use of some prepositions in Hinterländer Platt differs from Standard German. It is typical that instead of saying to me baij maich baij or come to me , come baij maich . Baij means both “at” and “to”, “to”. There is also a peculiarity in the present tense. B. not "He mows grass." but "He deod Groas mehe." ("He's mowing the grass.") Or "The mother is cooking." but "The Mudder deod cook." ("The mother cooks"). As in the Rhineland dialect they say rather than to also werre > "resist" Saed the werre Maich ... "said the to me ...".

Moreover, the habit of verbs is the prefix overall preceded: Aich kaa nidd geläfe. > “I can't walk.”, Kaasd Du nidd schwaije? > "Can't you keep quiet ?", Kaasd you help me? > "Can you help me?", Doas kaa aich D'r owwer saw. > "I can tell you that".

Another special feature is the inflection of the numerical word "two" after the three grammatical genders of the noun: zwie before masculine, zwu before feminine and zwä before neuter nouns.

Examples:

Masculine:

zwie Menner ("two men"), zwie Korrer , ("two cats"), zwie Äbbel ("two apples"), zwie Goil ("two horses")

Feminine:

zwu Fräe ("two women"), zwu cat ("two cats"), zwu Weschde ("two sausages"), zwu Koih ("two cows")

Factual:

zwä Kenn ("two children"), zwä Kätzercher ("two kittens"), zwä Ajer ("two eggs"), zwä Huinger ("two chickens")

Vocabulary and pragmatics

The choice of form of address depends largely on the social status and age of the person you are speaking to. While the Du was always familiar to people of the same age, members of previous generations used to be addressed with her (" Ihrzen "). At the beginning of the 1950s, the Duzen was also used here .

While dialect speakers also generally with you to be addressed, was formerly the your the familiar form of address for social superiors and local residents. For this group of people, however, the Siezen became more and more popular . The social and political "ranking" ( social class ) of the 19th century, which was still reflected in the dialect, was abandoned: You het (> hot ) häi Näad (> naut ) mi (> mäi > me ) ze sa! "You have nothing more to say here!"

Children used to address their parents with Mudder , Moire or Mamme and Vadder or Fodda , their siblings and spouses with Gode , Gell or Gerrel and Pädder . After the First World War, the current, albeit older, address Mamme and Babbe and for the siblings of the parents and their spouses Dande and Uncle increasingly prevailed. The grandparents are called Oma and Oba , earlier they were called Ellermudder (parent mother) or Eller and Ellervadder (parent father). The son-in-law used to be the Er and the daughter-in-law the Schnerrche . Older unmarried women and men, who often lived in the family of their closest relatives, were also approached by unrelated children with Gode (godmother) and peddler (godfather). If you wanted to name them, the house name of the family was put in front, e.g. B. Hannorms Pädder or Schmidde Good .

Advertising sign at a restaurant in Biedenkopfer Stadtgasse

Text examples

From the Gansbachtal ( patrons ):

When it raant, go ma heem ("If it rains, we go home")
When it's not raant, blaiwe ma häi ("If it doesn't rain, we'll stay here")
Raants nit un ma hu ke Lost, gieh ma aach heem ("It's not raining and we don't feel like it, let's go home too")
Raants, breache ma suwisu nit ze blaiwe ("It's raining, we don't need to stay anyway")
Gieh ma da heem un wesse nit, woas ma da make sense ("Let's go home and don't know what to do then")
Kinnte ma jo aach glaisch häiblaiwe ("Could we just stay here")
Feräasgesast es raant nit "(" Provided it doesn't rain ")

On the apparent death of dialects:

It's orch schoar, which the Kennhau naud mieh know you talked about flatly.

Idioms and wisdom from the area around the upper Salzbödetal ( Bad Endbach municipality ), which is part of the customs beech (natural area) :

  • Every man hodd doas Raichd saijer Frää Werrerwädde ze gäwwe, 's asked em just naud.
  • Geod gefroisteggt spierschde de whole Doog, geod geschlocht d's whole year en geod geurod d's whole Läwe.
  • Däij Mensche saij orch various. He likes to eat Handkees anyway, and Annere likes to eat the Kerch.
  • It girre vo alle sodde, only kee däij naud esse en drong'ge.
  • If you have gone away, you will receive.
  • Bat's naud, there schodd's naud.
  • When it's all, shut it down.
  • Sobaal mäijedds de eschde Giggel Kreeht, kreehe alle annere met, oh when it's still donkel ess.
  • En Norr maichd honne'd.
  • Wichdich eat, woas henne rauskimmd.
  • Hen kimmd out woas m'r venne nennsteggt.
  • Vo hen would stab the bow.
  • But always eat everything ze speed.
  • Med de greetings Honn pisse gieh, owwer's Bee nidd hugbränge.
  • 'S mouth specze money naud, puff would be miss!
  • Every Dongk hodd sain place.
  • Every debate can be found in Daiggelche.
  • Wersch kaa maichd's, wersch nidd kaa schwätzd drewwer.
  • Loij was chatting ohm meesde about who woas se nidd hu.
  • The best way to do it, ohzefange.
  • Oweds are the lazy flaißich.
  • 'S gidd naud better than Geores.
  • Only from eating the sow get fat.
  • Every pond gidd derch de Schlond.
  • Who saich sälwer naud gonnd, who saich d 'Annere naud.
  • Much is done in advance, when there is less than one day.
  • When ewwer Aut schu Groas gewoase it will definitely come eh domm Rendvieh en eats it up.
  • The human dew like a koih tail, the weesd still on, de he zeo.
  • Eh sain Dud, ess em Annere saij brother.
  • 'S Enn vo de Wutz ess de Ohfan'g vo de Wescht.
  • Eh mills can get their treasures out of a house, waij a man with two teams of goats.
  • When more naud nenn steggt, came äch naud out long.
  • Who kee goal hodd, kaa äch nidd oh come.
  • Freje hodd never messed up.
  • Enn doas hole, wu m'r nennguggt m'r äch enenn.
  • 'S ännerd sich naut, when mersch nidd selwer ännerd.
  • When the Mäus soat saij schmaiggt dene even d's Meähl bedder.
  • Whoever runs de Loij only sucks the ass.
  • Em ahle Bär kaa m'r nau'mie 'es Daanze baijbränge.
  • The Huinger wer'n oweds.
  • 'S Domme oh de Dommhäd ess, which m'r se sälwer nidd notices.
  • Dommhäd es wäij Ukraut, bäres never reads itself out completely.
  • Dommhädenn pride woase off em selwe wood.
  • 'S gidd Loij, däij misse zeo All in all still en ajene Fozz losse.
  • Je mieh m'r wääs, wääs m'r, whose m'r still measures little knowledge.
  • Halfway feast it feast enough.
  • Drägg ziggd Drägg oh en Gerimpel ziggd Gerimpel oh.
  • Woas bassierd, kimmd naut mieh, woarimm's bassierd it can come.
  • Oh, butt off the bat.
  • Aanerschdwu it aanerschdwu aanerschd.

See also

literature

  • Elsa Blöcher : The hinterland. A home book. Max Stephani, Biedenkopf 1981.
  • Günter Debus : Stories from our village. Patrons 1296-1996. Angelburg-Gönnern community, Gönnern 1996, ISBN 3-00-001109-9 .
  • Hans Friebertshäuser : Language and history of northwestern Althessen (= German dialect geography. (DDG). Bd. 46, ZDB -ID 504227-6 ). Elwert, Marburg 1961.
  • Hans Friebertshäuser: Small Hessian Dictionary. CH Beck, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-406-34192-6 .
  • Hans Friebertshäuser: The Hessian dialect book. CH Beck, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-406-32317-0 .
  • Hans Friebertshäuser: Country and City in Transition. Dialect and rural working world in the Marburg Biedenkopf district. Sparkasse Marburg-Biedenkopf, Marburg 1991.
  • Hans Friebertshäuser: Dialect and folk life in the old district of Biedenkopf. Developments in the 20th Century. Volksbank and Raiffeisenbank Biedenkopf-Gladenbach, Marburg 1998.
  • Regina Klein: In the meantime. In-depth hermeneutic case studies on female positioning in the modernization process 1900–2000. Psychosozialverlag, Gießen 2003, ISBN 3-89806-194-9 (also: Marburg, University, dissertation, 2001).
  • Kurt Werner singer : orphaned raabooche. Silent rough words from the hinterland. With illustrations by Klaus Schlosser and contributions by Heinrich J. Dingeldein and Peter Härtling . Jonas, Marburg 1987, ISBN 3-922561-53-5 .
  • Bernd Strauch: Dialect in Central Hesse. Upper Hessian pocket dictionary. Self-published, Giessen 2005, ISBN 3-935584-02-4 .
  • Kerstin Werner: Wandering between two worlds - The history of the hinterland labor migration in the Wetterau. In: Michael Keller , Herfried Münkler (Ed.): The Wetterau. Landscape between tradition and progress. Sparkasse Wetterau, Friedberg (Hessen) 1990, ISBN 3-924103-06-2 , pp. 263-290.
  • Richard Werner: Alt-Biedenköpfer mouths and phrases, stories, purrs and customs. Max Stephani, Biedenkopf 1935, (extended new edition. (= Hinterländer reading room. 2). Hinterländer Geschichtsverein eVua, Biedenkopf 2001, ISBN 3-00-008489-4 ).
  • Kurt Werner Singer: Moiserisch Emil, children's book, bilingual with illustrations by Lenore Poth, CoCon Verlag Hanau 2017, ISBN 978-3-86314-333-6 .

Web links

swell

  1. ^ Atlas of German colloquial language: Dialect / Platt .
  2. Elsa Blöcher: The hinterland. A home book. 1981, pp. 122–124 and Hans Friebertshäuser: Language and history of northwestern Althessen. 1961.
  3. Christian Düringer: Download & Stream for the 30th anniversary: ​​Odermennig - Gemorje Hinnerlaand. popspots.de, Wiesbaden, 2013, accessed on November 15, 2018 .
  4. Ten years of work and twelve sound carriers - the project “Dialekt im Hinterland” on CD with the University of Marburg has been completed ; also as a special print in the Hinterländer Anzeiger from December 10, 2011 ( memento from February 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 997 kB)
  5. The audience can laugh heartily - amateur actors perform a trial on Platt in the Biedenkopfer district court ; Hinterländer Anzeiger from September 30, 2012
  6. Hans Friebertshäuser: Dialect and folk life in the old district of Biedenkopf. 1998, p. 89, 5th paragraph.
  7. Kurt Werner Singer: verbal orphan raabooche. 1987.
  8. Odermennig: Gemorje Hinnerlaand - songs, poetry & burlesques. Long-playing record, Quadriga Ton, Frankfurt 1984, GEMA QU 9083.