Weidenhausen (Gladenbach)

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Weidenhausen
City of Gladenbach
The Weidenhäuser coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 45 ′ 32 ″  N , 8 ° 32 ′ 32 ″  E
Height : 256 m above sea level NHN
Area : 9.18 km²
Residents : 2435  (Dec. 30, 2017)
Population density : 265 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1974
Postal code : 35075
Area code : 06462
Town view from the Koppeturm in north direction, in the middle wind turbines near Hülshof, right in the forest Dernbach (Bad Endbach)
Town view from the Koppeturm in north direction, in the middle wind turbines near Hülshof , right in the forest Dernbach (Bad Endbach)

Weidenhausen has been the most south-westerly and at the same time (after Gladenbach) the second largest district of Gladenbach in the central Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf since the territorial reform in 1974 . The district has around 2500 inhabitants and is located with its old town center at an altitude of 256  m above sea level. NHN , whereby high hills above the valley of the brook create salt flats almost continuously on steep slopes on which the place is built.

The highest point is the Hohe Wald, located exactly on the western border with Bad Endbach , at 458 m. The place is a nationally recognized resort and has numerous recreational and hiking trails over 500 km in length.

geography

Political-geographic location

The village of Weidenhausen is located in the southwest of the Gladenbacher Bergland in Central Hesse and thus geologically on the eastern edge of the main unit group Westerwald . For centuries it was part of the Hessian hinterland (see below regional and local history ). The municipality boundary in the area of ​​the Zollbuche was the state border between the Landgraviate of Hesse (1246 or 1292 to 1567), then Hessen-Marburg (1567 to 1604) and then the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt (after 1604 or 1648) on the one hand and the County of Solms on the other . In 1628 the Koenigsberg Office of the County of Solms, which essentially comprises the area of ​​today's municipality of Biebertal in the district of Gießen and parts of today's municipality of Bischoffen in the Lahn-Dill district , became part of Hessen-Darmstadt. This was the first time that an almost uninterrupted connection, albeit limited to a very narrow strip of land, was created between the Upper Hessian part of Hessen-Darmstadt and the hinterland. Since 1974 the district border to the Lahn-Dill district has been running on the Zollbuche.

With the neighboring municipality of Erdhausen, also located in the Salzbödetal , Weidenhausen formed a kind of narrow corridor only approx. 5 km wide within the hinterland, the extreme south-eastern part of which the northern hinterland after 1628 with the southern Upper Hessian area in today's Biebertal over a section of the so-called Westfalenweg (see below long-distance connections and roads ) has connected (see above). However, since there is a continuous range of hills with partly very steep slopes directly on the southern edge of the Salzbödetal, the transport connections to the provincial capital Gießen and even more to the state capital Darmstadt were extremely difficult to use in all seasons. Until 1826 (construction of the road to the Zollbuche), access to this connection was only via the old Schneeberger Landstrasse (in the Erdhausen district, past the eastern end of the Seibertshauser Grund and far east of Zollbuche and Oberweidbach in what is now the municipality of Bischoffen) Höhenweg (Westfalenweg, see above) possible in the direction of Gießen. Because east of Mornshausen in the Salzbödetal and at the same time south-east of Erdhausen joins the community of Lohra , which came to Kurhessen as part of Hessen-Marburg after 1604 (see below regional and local history ), and thus represented a foreign country since 1648 .

For the sovereigns in distant Darmstadt, the hinterland lay for a long time - almost completely cut off by the Solms, Hesse-Kassel and Nassau territory - behind impassable mountains and that's how it got its name.

Geographical location

The salt flats emerge as flat seepage water in a salty-sour, swampy hillside meadow below a mixed deciduous forest in a south-eastern position at (averaged) about 430  m above sea level. NN above Hartenrod in the Schlierbach district. After a very short course with a steep gradient in a south-southeast direction, it already reaches the valley floor within the built-up area of ​​Hartenrod and from there flows in more or less wide bends and arcs generally towards the east. In Hartenrod itself, the still quite small stream has even been partially piped and built over. But also in the following stretches of a total of approx. 4 km to the western boundary of Weidenhausen, the course of the brook is rather narrowed by partly steep slopes. Only in the last part of this section, in the so-called pool in the local area of Wommelshausen-Hütte , does the valley of the salt flats expand a little and even allow the water to meander .

Flood barrier "Waldmühle", southwest of the village in the Salbödetal

At the turn of the year 2006/2007, extensive work on the renaturation of the salt flats and the simultaneous creation of a rainwater retention system in the upper reaches to protect against the periodic flood levels began and was completed in April 2013.

At the western edge of the municipality of Weidenhausen, this meadow is bordered on its north side by the foot of the 357  m high Himerich (also written as Hemerich; not to be confused with the 475  m high Hemmerich located south of Rodenhausen ). This almost dome-shaped mountain that narrows the valley rises steeply with a summit height of 357 m above the valley and, apart from its somewhat flatter east and northeast flanks, is completely covered by an oak-hornbeam-beech mixed forest with isolated parts of conifers .

The ever-widening Salzbödetal describes a wide arc to the east-northeast around the Himerich, whereby the stream itself initially flows along the south-eastern edge. Then the creek swings in a pretty much exactly easterly direction with a slight southerly slope, while the valley basin becomes relatively wide and almost flat. This meadow valley extends into the Erdhausen district before the stream is again narrowed by hills that are moving closer together.

The southern boundary of the Salzbödetal also forms an almost uninterrupted chain of hills in the municipality of Weidenhausen with practically no subsidence or significant height differences in the ridges , which actually forces the Salzböde in its direction of flow from the start. With a few exceptions, these altitudes rise with quite steep slopes and, like the Himerich, are almost completely covered with a deciduous oak-hornbeam-beech mixed forest with isolated coniferous forest plantings. A right tributary flows into the river , the Seibertshausen Bach, roughly where the salt flats begin their curve to the east-northeast . This in turn comes from a blind-ending side valley, the northwestern opening of which into the Salzbödetal forms a kind of breakthrough in the chain of hills already described. The village of Seibertshausen, which fell desolate in the 14th century, was located in this valley at the time (see regional and local history in the following section). Above this valley - and thus continuing the chain of hills without gaps - the wooded slopes rise up to the ridge known as the customs beech. The entire extent of the described valley with the surrounding slopes is often simply summarized as Seibertshausen in local parlance.

Lookout tower on your head - currently (as of 2014) the tower is dominated by the surrounding trees, so that the leafy trees severely restrict the view

The wooded and steep west to north-west north-facing slope that adjoins the exit of the Seibertshaus Tälchen to the north-east is assigned the field name Haardt. This is followed by the so-called Krieb as a pure north facing further east. Above the Krieb rises - barely noticeable in the middle of the surrounding, also wooded ridges - the geographically highest point of the Weidenhäuser district, the Weidenhäuser Koppe, whose lookout tower can hardly be made out in the dense forest.

The hillside known as Krieb continues to the east, already in the district of the neighboring municipality of Erdhausen, as Gerspel. The wooded heights also run almost without noticeable subsidence over various smaller hills to the Koppe above Erdhausen (see below natural monuments ), which follows a kind of saddle hollow east of the only three meters lower Dreisberg in the Mornshausen district .

While the eastern flank of the Himerich reaches down to the valley floor of the salt flats with a gradient between 15% and 8%, the north-eastern flank of the mountain already merges a little above half the height between the summit and the valley into an elongated series of ridges, which ultimately defines the location spaciously in a not completely gapless semicircle to the north. In the east of the district, this sequence of elevations and depressions runs out relatively low in a fairly flat slope towards the Salzbödetal.

The saddle , which starts directly from the Himerich, is on its eastern side, towards the village and thus towards the Salzbödetal, at least quite steep. In the west and northwest, on the other hand, it forms a kind of flat trough , which in turn strives up again to quite high ridge positions. This ridge is bounded by a narrow but deep notch, where the Römershäuser Bach breaks through these altitudes from the west after a sharp change from a south to an east-south-east flow direction. Immediately on its bank, however, the terrain rises again almost vertically to a field wood. To the north of the Weidenhausen locality, the slopes are generally not as steep as to the south, but a continuous altitude is formed here.

After another incision, which is traversed from the north by a left tributary of the Römershäuser Bach, the very short Lutzebach, the terrain rises again very steeply to a wooded height, the part of which is closest to the village is called Cromerg or Krumerich. This elongated altitude then turns into a small flat hill, the Haumbach. Also next to this a kind of depression forms to the east, which rises again towards the eastern edge of the district in a last wooded hill, the Epscheid, before a rather gentle slope to the Salzbödetal ends this arc. From the area between Cromerg and Haumbach rises a small flowing water , which is called the frog pit . It flows hard on the eastern edge of the built-up location south and then west, before it is then put into large sewer pipes . Originally it is a not very small left tributary of the salt flats, whose old name Mühlgraben speaks for itself (see below economic development ).

history

Regional and local history

It is unknown when the massive defensive tower was built on a slight hill in the old village center. It could well have originated one or two centuries before the Weidenhausen settlement was first mentioned as Widinhusin juxta Gladinbach in 1336 (see below). The meter-thick masonry of this tower as well as the nave, which was added at a later point in time, using field stone wall technology, are largely made from the local gray-wacke or diabase . The entire construction with very high-lying, later enlarged windows makes it clear that both the tower and this entire old church were definitely intended as protective walls (fortified church) when they were built.

Blankenstein Castle , which was probably built around 1237 in nearby Gladenbach, was captured and destroyed in 1248 or 1249 when Sophie von Brabant fought for the Hessian and Thuringian inheritance rights for her son Heinrich, known as the Child of Brabant . This event belongs directly to the historical context of the long-standing feud between the Landgraves of Hesse and the rulers from the so-called Ottonian line of the House of Nassau , whose termination between 1333 and 1336 was probably the reason for this notarization. This feud (hundred-year-old Dernbacher feud ) was mainly about the supremacy in the southern Hessian hinterland , and one of the most difficult battles of this feud took place in 1327 near Seibertshausen . In 1336, many previous owners of estates who had been on the side of the ultimately defeated Nassauer had to cede rights and property to Hesse, also in Weidenhausen. As loyal supporters of the landgraves, who had borne the brunt of the more than hundred-year-old clashes, the noble lords of Dernbach had to give up their former seat (old) Dernbach in the Herborner Mark , in the territory of the county of Nassau, after the end of the feuds , and were in favor of it In 1350 the Neu-Dernbach Castle was enfeoffed in what is now the Dernbach part of what is now the Bad Endbach community. Beneficiaries of the territorial gains recorded for Hesse in 1336 were u. a. the German Order of Knights in Marburg - to whom Dammo von Muschenheim and Kraft von Bellersheim had to hand over their goods - and other landed gentry who had also stood on the side of the Landgrave of Hesse.

Against this background, the construction of the high medieval defense tower in Weidenhausen in the 13th or even in the 12th century seems very likely, to which a nave was later added. It then served as a choir tower . At the same time, however, an existing noteworthy settlement could already be assumed at this time. Etymological investigations of the place name, however, indicate much earlier and probably uninterrupted settlement of the place.

A detailed description of the historical and political-geographical conditions in the Upper Salzbödetal settlement area before and around the time of the first documentary mention of Weidenhausen can also be found under Bad Endbach , there especially in sections 2 and 4 in particular.

Already between 1297 and 1307 the later lower court of the Blankenstein office was secured against the west, against the then County of Nassau , with the Innenheege (see Mittelhessische Landheegen ) - a 30 to 50 m wide, almost impenetrable wood strip - as a Landwehr . The Innenheege is still recognizable today on the border to the neighboring communities Bad Endbach and Bischoffen (the community Bad Endbach is congruent with the Higher Court of the Blankenstein Office).

A regionally important trade route , which was later referred to as the Owergerichtsweg (i.e. the Obergerichtsweg) , has been demonstrably running through the current district since the High Middle Ages . This was part of a trade and messenger route that connected Marburg with the Herborn / Dillenburg area ( Marburg-Dillenburger Amtsweg ). The path came from Gladenbach / Burg Blankenstein and Kehlnbach over the field, then led via Krumerich , Lutzebach , Goldkaute , the Römershäuser Bach, Wällensteg , Kreuzweg (today a signpost and branch on the district road), Girwelieh , Schloog (former passage with toll tree in the inner enclosure near Himerich , there was once a gallows - half gallows - the name of the fire indicates it), dinne Här , past the Wommelshausen hut and the slope parallel to the Woarde, past Endbach, via Hartenrod and Eisemroth into the Dill valley.

This route, the Marburg-Dillenburg official route , was also used by Arnoldus Buchelius (humanist and archaeologist) in 1591 when he was traveling to Cologne from Treysa. He names the individual travel stops (day segments) and mentions u. a. Kirchhain, Marburg, Gladenbach, Dillenburg and Siegen on his way to Cologne. Accordingly, the Obergerichtsweg was a section / variant of the important long-distance Brabanter Straße at that time .

According to the village chronicle of the main teacher Durcholz, who worked in the village until the 1950s, 18 households were counted in Weidenhausen around 1400. At this point in time, the demarcation of the former, south-west bordering village Seibertshausen was already included as a desert in the local area. The population of Seibertshausen apparently fell victim to the plague around 1348/1350 or immigrated to Weidenhausen.

In the year 1502 there are 19 houses in Weidenhausen, two of which are probably already mills. In 1546 there were 39 households, in 1577 46 managed houses. In the Thirty Years' War also Weidenhausen was severely damaged. In 1630 there were 44 farms, 36 of which were full-time farms. In 1634, heavy economic casualties were recorded due to the billeting of mercenary troops. In 1635/36 51 of 101 employable residents died of the plague. In 1640, further billeting and looting caused further serious damage. As a result, in the year of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, there were 43 farms in Weidenhausen , but 24 of them were empty and some were almost completely destroyed. The population was 68 adults. A good century later, at the end of the Seven Years' War in 1763, the place had grown back to 66 farms.

After the end of the Dernbach feud (see above), Weidenhausen belonged to the so-called lower court in the Blankenstein office of the Landgraviate of Hesse long before the time of Landgrave Philip I, known as "the magnanimous" . When the inheritance was divided in 1567, the later hinterland came to Hesse-Marburg . The dispute over the succession after the Hessen-Marburg line died out in 1604 continued until the so-called Hessian War 1645 to 1648 between Hessen-Darmstadt and Hessen-Kassel as part of the Thirty Years' War - which was already quite bloody and devastated in Hessen ( see above) ) - with all negative consequences for the population and the region. At the end of the Hessian War, which was carried out with armed force in connection with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the Blankenstein office together with the former offices of Königsberg (today Biebertal , see above political-geographic location ), Biedenkopf , Battenberg (Eder) and Hatzfeld (Eder) finally became the Landgraviate of Hesse -Darmstadt (from 1806 Grand Duchy) affiliated.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Weidenhausen in 1830:

"Weidenhausen (L. Bez. Gladenbach) evangel. Branch village; is 3 ⁄ 4 St. from Gladenbach, is a very impoverished village with 73 houses and 426 Protestant residents. There are 5 grinding mills with which 4 oil mills are connected. Nearby, landgrave Moriz worked for lead and silver ore. "

In 1821 there was a municipal code in which the Blankenstein office with its lower court (essentially today's Gladenbach) and its upper court (see above) became a district of Gladenbach . This was then combined in 1832 with the southern part of the Battenberg district (i.e. the Breidenbacher Grund and Biedenkopf) to form the Biedenkopf district (also called the hinterland district). The district only remained a very remote Hessian hinterland until it was separated from the Grand Duchy of Hesse as part of this region after the Prussian-Austrian War in 1868 . In the course of this political and geographical reorganization, the newly formed Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau was absorbed. As a further consequence, the state border between the hinterland and the Marburger Land in the so-called Kurhessische Oberhessen , which had existed for centuries, became a simple district border.

As a result of these major state-political developments, even the remote Hessian hinterland gradually became more and more involved in the general economic development of the emerging German Empire after 1866 . But the founding of the Justushütte (1837) in Weidenhausen (see below Economic Development ) and later the construction of the Aar-Salzböde Railway (see below Public Transport ) also play a major role in the development of the village.

From the middle of the 19th century onwards, the population gradually increased. This is the impetus for the steadily growing settlement area of ​​the community. At the same time, the community is becoming more and more independent of the Gladenbach that has dominated for centuries. In addition to the trades typical of farming villages such as blacksmiths and butchers (butchers), which up until then had been part-time by local farmers, various tradespeople with their trading businesses are gradually settling in Weidenhausen. The village is gradually developing from a predominantly rural community to a workers' community. At the beginning of the 20th century, the pastor (see below religions ) and finally their own country doctor were added.

While the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71 was more noticeable as an economic upswing due to the rapid victory of the North German Confederation , the First World War of 1914/18 also meant a deep turning point for Weidenhausen. Many local men served as soldiers on various fronts, and many were killed or seriously wounded in the process.

The severe inflation at the beginning of the 1920s and the global economic crisis from 1929 made themselves felt with their effects in the relatively poorly developed domestic region.

The political developments of the early 1930s, however, remained largely insignificant for Weidenhausen. However, even in the traditionally Protestant-apolitical and, on the other hand, rather social-democratic place, quite strong National Socialist groups developed in the course of these years in the existing Third Reich . At times there were violent clashes between supporters of the ruling party and other people or groups who were not entirely without a political background. However, due to the lack of local Jews , there were never any real racist riots on site, although a number of willow houses took part in activities against Jewish people and institutions in nearby Gladenbach.

The Second World War also led to great losses of men and sometimes women in Weidenhausen. In addition to the long absences and painful losses among young people, the direct effects were limited to the temporary billeting of German soldiers of the reserve troops and later of so-called bombed-out evacuees from various urban regions, especially from the Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions Area. In addition, so-called foreign workers - prisoners of war and civilians abducted from Eastern Europe - were deployed both in the Justushütte and in farms in Weidenhausen. For local historiography, however, a major and far-reaching event was a devastating large fire in the old town center on September 18, 1944, which completely or partially destroyed four of the oldest and largest rural properties.

The end of the war came to Weidenhausen relatively peacefully in March 1945 when American troops marched in from the direction of Zollbuche. Only hours before, a rather exhausted and completely inadequately equipped troop of German reservists had withdrawn from the village on their own horse-drawn vehicles and mostly on foot, only to surrender to the American soldiers a short time later, at a safe distance from villages and towns . The regime of the American soldiers, who were billeted for a few weeks in the old school and a few other buildings such as inns, was by no means particularly harsh.

When Prussia was dissolved after the Second World War, the Biedenkopf district and the area around Weidenhausen remained in the newly cut state of Greater Hesse, later (since 1946) Hesse, and since 1949 the state of Hesse.

In the late 1940s and early 1950s, numerous expellees came to Weidenhausen (see below religions ), which ultimately made the village even bigger. In 1948 a total of 631 people were listed as displaced persons, refugees or still evacuated from a total population of approx. 2300 people. In 1961 around 430 people were still referred to as new citizens, so they came from this involuntary wave of immigration. Further immigration took place in the 1960s through so-called guest workers, initially from Italy and Portugal , and then increasingly from Turkey in the 1970s .

With the regional reform in Hesse on July 1, 1974, the old districts of Biedenkopf and Marburg became the current district of Marburg-Biedenkopf . As a result of the simultaneous incorporation, the village of Weidenhausen, which was relatively large in terms of area and population, was included together with twelve other, in some cases very small, towns in a new large community of then 15 formerly independent communities, to which the town charter of the small town of Gladenbach, which is considered the regional center, was extended.

From the late 1990s onwards, families from the former Soviet Union increasingly migrated to Weidenhausen. At the same time, the tendency, which has existed since the 1970s to emigrate, especially among the younger locals, which can be observed in many rural regions of Germany, increased.

Economic history

Economic development

The originally almost purely rural village of Weidenhausen was located in a rather remote corner of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, and not just for political reasons. It was also off the really important trade and long-distance routes (compare traffic). Only the long tradition (?) Of today's Landgasthof Petersburg (which was only built after the construction of the Biedenkopf-Gießen art road between 1817 and 1825 on the route to the Zollbuch) indicates that there is certainly little use of the place the old trade routes.

At the same time, the climatic and geological conditions did not make it easy for farmers to achieve sufficient yields from agriculture and animal husbandry. A large part of the location are relatively steep slopes, and the subsoil is predominantly stony-rocky with only a thin crust of earth. As already stated, the geological location belongs to the foothills of the Westerwald. In fact, there is a large area of ​​the pending greywacke quite close under the surface as slate to rocky rock, which was broken off in several places in quarries as diabase or green stone. The yields were also negatively influenced by the valley location, which is open to the east, which enables cold continental east rather than moderate west weather conditions and therefore only relatively cool average temperatures.

It was also not very helpful for an adequate income situation of the family farms that in the Hessian hinterland real division was common in the case of inheritance. So many of the local smallholders were forced to make a living through sideline income. On the one hand, there were opportunities for this in the surrounding forests, which, like the vast majority of the former area of ​​the Seibertshausen municipality, had to be managed as sovereign or later state forests. On the other hand, certain trades such as blacksmithing, saddlery and wheelwright were offered. Nevertheless, until the 19th century it was quite common for women and men in evening and winter spinning rooms to primarily produce stockings, which the men then brought to the markets on foot in the winter months in the form of outpatient trade. In the 20th century, some older farmers were still in the habit of knitting stockings while smoking a pipe.

Iron processing

Iron ore was already being smelted in Weidenhausen in the 15th and 16th centuries and the iron was processed in a forest forge. This is proven by the fact that the Counts of Wittgenstein brought 1450 smiths and forest smiths from Weidenhausen to expand iron processing in their county. The forest smithy (presumably the Waldmühle location ) was broken off in 1529 for unknown reasons and turned into a meadow.

The Justushütte

In 1837 Justus Kilian from Lüdenscheid (Westphalia) founded the “Justushütte” in Weidenhausen am Mühlgraben (see above geographical location ) below the Neumühle. He had a “charcoal furnace” built, which was blown in 1840. The iron stones came from the pits “Ebscheid” near Weidenhausen, “Elisabeth” near Dernbach, “Ritschtal” near Rachelshausen and “Elterstieg” near Römershausen. The mine on the Epscheid was lent to Justus Kilian in 1837 as the “Neuschweden” mine. At first, mining began in open-cast mines, later in small shafts. Initially, the mine covered 75% of the needs of the blast furnace on the Justushütte. In 1873 the ore deposits were almost completely depleted and the mine was closed. After that, as before, higher-quality ore from the Schelder Forest had to be purchased, as the ores from Weidenhausen and the pits in the vicinity only had an average Fe content of approx. 30%. By the time the “Neuschweden” mine on the Epscheid was closed, it had delivered around 14,000 t of iron ore. Charcoal was also becoming increasingly scarce because of the numerous smelters and the new coke blast furnaces on the new railway lines in the Dill and Lahntal valleys were able to produce more pig iron more cheaply. The first and only blast furnace in the Salzbödetal had to be shut down in 1883. From then on, the smelter purchased its pig iron from a third party and was operated as an iron foundry with cupola furnaces . Almost everything that could be cast in iron was manufactured at the “Justushütte”, including a. Railings, fences, grilles, door fittings, grave crosses, pillars, verandas, balconies, handle pumps for water and various castings for machines. The factory later specialized in stoves, ovens and heating devices (see also the main article Lahn-Dill area ).

As a result of this industrial settlement, the region's population increasingly had the opportunity to find a livelihood as a commercial worker. Weidenhausen therefore developed into a semi-rural, semi-industrial-commercial place with a large proportion of part-time farming. The Justushütte was sold to entrepreneur Georg Friedrich Schulz in 1852, whose son Konrad and son-in-law Wehrenbold continued the business afterwards. After Wehrenbold's departure, Justushütte was converted into the legal form of a GmbH in 1875 . In 1941 the Heyligenstaedt company from Giessen took over the Justushütte. In 1945 there were around 200 employees in this company, including many so-called foreign workers (see above regional and local history ). In the 1980s, in connection with the Heyligenstaedt company crisis, the Justushütte was sold to Viessmann . When it was closed due to bankruptcy in the 1990s, Justushütte employed 460 people. In the meantime (as of 2006), the Oranier company from Dillenburg has started production on the factory premises that has been greatly reduced compared to earlier times.

Other trades

Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, there have been numerous attempts by individuals to develop from small-scale business into larger companies. Particularly noteworthy is the once important mill construction company - late 19th to early 20th century - in Mühlstrasse. In addition, branches of foreign companies temporarily settled in Weidenhausen.

One of the oldest and probably the most important of these additional acquisition opportunities through external companies was the cigar manufacture of the company Rinn & Cloos , which was operated from 1916 to the late 1970s in its large building not far from Schulze's villa on Petersburg (this is Bundesstraße 255 in the local situation) almost exclusively offered women up to 100 jobs.

Local master craftsmen built up quite large companies at times, each with up to 30 people finding work. All other businesses in Weidenhausen were or are either one-person businesses or, apart from the family, employ a maximum of 1 to a maximum of 3 people.

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Weidenhausen was located and the administrative units to which it was subject:

Courts since 1821

In 1821, as part of the separation of the judiciary and administration, the jurisprudence was transferred to the newly created regional courts. From 1821 until it was assigned to Prussia in 1866, “Landgericht Gladenbach” was the name for the court of first instance in Gladenbach. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

After the Biedenkopf district was ceded to Prussia as a result of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 between the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Kingdom of Prussia , the district of Gladenbach became Prussian. In June 1867 a royal decree was issued that reorganized the court system in the former Duchy of Nassau and the parts of the area that had previously belonged to the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The previous judicial authorities were to be repealed and replaced by local courts in the first, district courts in the second and an appeal court in the third instance. In the course of this, on September 1, 1867, the previous regional court was renamed the Gladenbach District Court. The courts of the higher instances were the District Court of Dillenburg and the Court of Appeal in Wiesbaden .

From October 1, 1944 to January 1, 1949, the Gladenbach District Court belonged to the Limburg District Court , but then again to the Marburg District Court . On July 1, 1968, the Gladenbach District Court was repealed, which from then on only served as a branch of the Biedenkopf District Court . On November 1, 2003, this branch was finally closed.

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1502: 019 men
• 1577: 046 house seats
• 1630: 044 house seats (11 two-horse, 25 single-horse farm workers, 8 single-horse  people )
• 1742: 109 households
• 1791: 336 inhabitants
• 1800: 336 inhabitants
• 1806: 375 inhabitants, 71 houses
• 1829: 426 inhabitants, 73 houses
Weidenhausen: Population from 1791 to 2017
year     Residents
1791
  
 336
1800
  
 336
1806
  
 426
1829
  
 426
1834
  
 449
1840
  
 512
1846
  
 562
1852
  
 551
1858
  
 561
1864
  
 596
1871
  
 648
1875
  
 711
1885
  
 700
1895
  
 827
1905
  
 989
1910
  
 1.104
1925
  
 1,230
1939
  
 1,477
1946
  
 2,020
1950
  
 2,170
1956
  
 2.123
1961
  
 2.146
1967
  
 2,226
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 2,375
2004
  
 2,370
2006
  
 2,423
2011
  
 2,382
2013
  
 2,365
2015
  
 2,418
2017
  
 2,435
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; From 2000 City of Gladenbach web archive; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1830: 426 Protestant residents
• 1885: 696 Protestant, 4 Catholic residents
• 1961: 1864 Protestant (= 86.86%), 256 Roman Catholic (= 11.93%) inhabitants

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1867: Labor force: 42 agriculture, 3 forestry, 4 mining and metallurgy, 47 commerce and industry, 3 transport, 59 personal services, 1 education and teaching, 2 local government.
• 1961: Labor force: 164 agriculture and forestry, 584 manufacturing, 134 trade and transport, 111 services and other.

Religions

As part of the dominion of Landgrave Philip I , an influential and decisive representative of the Schmalkaldic League , Weidenhausen had been Protestant since the introduction of the Reformation in 1526. The prevailing creed here is the Evangelical-Lutheran . For many years Weidenhausen was only a so-called branch of the nearest larger parish in Gladenbach. In 1900, however, Karl Weldert was the first preacher to come to the congregation. In 1904 Weidenhausen and the neighboring Römershausen were spun off from the parish of Gladenbach. Thus Weidenhausen and the canonically assigned Römershausen became an independent Evangelical-Lutheran parish Weidenhausen-Römershausen in the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau (EKHN) with the pastor Weldert as the first parish priest.

In the years 1950 to 1952, the members of the Evangelical Lutheran parish built their own two-story parsonage on the Ost-Ring during the tenure of their pastor Lorenz in Weidenhausen, in which the pastor families who had previously been living in rented apartments could live. In addition to the rectory, a one-story parish hall was built for the various activities of the parish. This building, however, was soon in consultation with the relevant bodies of the then independent municipality Weidenhausen day and kindergarten used. Over the years, it has become increasingly difficult to carry out other community activities in this building due to the growing demands on the design of the premises for running a kindergarten. This ultimately led to the construction of a new community hall, which was completed in 1994.

The Evangelical Lutheran parish with its pastor Lenz has had a large, newly built church in today's Kirchstrasse since 1962, which replaced the so-called old church in the old town center, which had become too small. There is seating for up to 400 people in this church with the possibility of adding up to 150 additional chairs by adding additional chairs. The generous building with elaborately designed glass mosaic windows, whose large saddle roof, according to the words of Pastor Lenz in the commemorative publication for the inauguration ceremony, is supposed to create "the almost square interior ... the impression of a ship", was then sufficiently large for the parish. A new parish hall was finally built right next to the church, which (see above) could be inaugurated in 1994 during the tenure of pastor Weferling. In this building there are function rooms for various events and the office of the parish.

As early as the early years of the 20th century, numerous activities developed within the Evangelical Lutheran parish, which naturally took place outside the too small church in private rooms. Many of these activities were bundled under the umbrella of a regional church community within the parish. In 1935 they built their own building in Bergstrasse. There the numerous activities of the community and the youth union Decided for Christ continue to be gathered.

In 1903 a Free Evangelical Congregation (FeG) was founded, which emerged from small Bible circles that had been formed since 1846 and which initially met in private homes. In 1913 the community was able to build a meeting room in Mühlstrasse, which for many years was the seat and focus of community activities. After the FeG moved out, this building is now used by the tent mission , which has converted it for their own purposes. The FeG itself built a much larger two-storey building with a caretaker's apartment in the current center of the village from 1979 to 1981, which offers much better space for the growing number of community members on the one hand and the multitude of activities on the other. In the years 2003 and 2011 this community center was also adapted to the needs through renovations. Among other things, an independent bookshop was created.

After the end of the Second World War, numerous expellees came to Weidenhausen , mainly from Hungary and what was later to become Yugoslavia . For the first time, large numbers of Roman Catholic people lived with them in the village. Since then, these have been looked after by the Catholic parish Maria Königin in Gladenbach and thus belong to the diocese of Limburg under canon law . In the 1960s, the part of this Catholic parish living in Weidenhausen was able to build their own church with approx. 250 seats during the term of office of their pastor Pleyer in Weidenhausen am Nordring. This building then had to be closed on January 24, 2003 during the tenure of long-time pastor Zerfaß due to serious construction defects. It was canceled on August 7, 2004. Since then, the members of the parish have again been dependent on taking part in the services in Gladenbach or Hartenrod - which has long been part of the parish of the current (March 2006) Pastor Peter.

After a few families of Turkish-Kurdish origin moved in in the 1990s, the storage and workshop rooms of an abandoned stone carving and building materials company in Römershäuser Strasse, which this group had rented, were converted into an Islamic prayer hall . The extensive buildings on the large property also serve as a religious-cultural community center for this faith within Islam with an extensive catchment area in the region.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Weidenhausen
 Blazon : "In the split shield in front in gold three blue hammers placed diagonally on the right and behind each other in blue three golden ears of corn placed obliquely to the left."

The coat of arms was approved on July 9, 1954 by the Hessian Ministry of the Interior.

The community of Weidenhausen received the coat of arms at its own request in 1954, when the second large local festival was celebrated on the occasion of the inauguration of the village community center. No independent signs or symbols are known from earlier epochs, since Weidenhausen is always reported as belonging to Gladenbach or the Blankenstein office.

The hammers are supposed to remind of the iron and metalworking industry on site, but can also be seen as forging hammers. So they stand for the artisanal and industrial character of the place. The golden ears of corn stand for agriculture as the other important branch of the local economy. The even distribution of the symbols on the two halves of the shield illustrates very well the roughly equal importance of the two branches of industry for the town and its population.

Culture and sights

Development of the townscape

High medieval old church in the village center
New Church

Although Weidenhausen is located in the Salzbödetal, the buildings keep a large distance from this inconspicuous and relatively small body of water. The original old town center is, for example, just south of the Römershäuser Bach, which flows through most of the town, at a distance of about one kilometer as the crow flies north of the salt flats. On this slight elevation, the old church and all around the courtyards, which certainly go back to the first beginnings of the village, stand in a very fragmented mix.

Both bodies of water, both the unimpressive salt flats in their apparently so wide valley and the Römershäuser Bach, which often only appears like a trickle , prove at least once a year, mostly in spring, that they can cause large-scale floods up to the present day . As a result, the place developed at a significant distance from both rivers and preferably at the foot of the slopes. The former main road through the village, for example, runs from Sauplaster, the former central square just south of the old church, up the steep slope to the northeast flank of the Himerich, and then north and west of this mountain again in the Salzbödetal to Wommelshausen-Hütte and today's Bad Endbach to run. On the other hand, however, this municipal road leads significantly above the bed of the Römershäuser Bach and at the foot of the hillside along the east and then south through the village. The Römershäuser Bach is crossed twice, the salt flat only once with relatively large bridges.

The townscape itself is that of a typical clustered village . Starting from the old core around the fortified church , the settlement initially developed on both sides of the Römershäuser Bach (south Römershäuser Straße, north on a slope above the brook the Bergstraße) and along the former main road (now Weidenhäuser Straße) mainly uphill to the west ( dialect Lappe called), but then also to the east. The location of the suitable areas for agricultural use resulted in a steeply rising road beyond the bridge over the Römershäuser Bach at the eastern end of the Bergstrasse (Strohberg). In addition, Mühlstrasse formed a kind of development axis . This street was formerly the direct connection to Schneeberger Landstraße / Westfalenweg and on to the provincial capital Gießen. It began at the Sauplaster, along the foot of the Himerich, past the two mills in the local area, which at least still have a name: the forest mill in the area of ​​the opening of the Seibertshausen valley into the Salzbödetal, and thus, so to speak, at the foot of the customs beech, and the Hartenmühle below the Haardt.

Old school with school yard
Old school with extension

Some quite large and important buildings were then also erected northeast of the main street, such as the (old) school in 1901 in the vicinity of a newly built house of the Hinder family, who had become prosperous as hand weavers and artisans . In this area, the axis of which appears to be oriented towards the Epscheid, a settlement area (formerly Schulstrasse, Gartenstrasse and Wiesenstrasse - today Kirchstrasse, Lerchenweg and Ostring) of the ever-expanding community above and east of the school was created in the 1920s and early 1930s . Further up the slope was also built later (Ostring). When the displaced persons (see below religions ) came to Weidenhausen after the Second World War , the Ostring became one of the areas where the new citizens built their houses. In addition, the street came in continuation of the Ostring beyond the upper end of the Strohberg, the east-west ring, which today is still called Batschhausen (formerly also Lehm-Batschhausen , as many houses were built using the clay construction method) the designation of origin of the numerous displaced families from the Batschka and Banat ( Banat Swabia ) resident there .

Between the Römershäuser Straße and the old Hauptstraße, further houses were built along the Nordring and Am Weidenborn, some of them as early as the late 19th or early 20th century. Although individual houses had stood there for a long time (e.g. Feld-Thomas, Lenches in Karlstraße or the forester's house of the Seibertshausen district forester's house with the associated tree nursery in Mühlstraße itself), the eastern slope of the Himerich above Mühlstraße was only built in the 1950s (Karlstraße, Schieferstraße, Ernst-Reuter-Straße, Siedlerweg, Ziegelhüttenweg, Thomas-Mann-Straße, Blockweg, Thoracker, Am Rain) and the 1960s (same streets and in particular Freiherr-vom-Stein-Straße and Himerichsweg) were largely built on. The entirety of the area there is known in dialect as the Spatzefeld (ie: sparrow field).

The Westring, which now serves as the main thoroughfare, had been built on in various places since the end of the Second World War, but remained an unpaved route, mainly used by farmers, until it was expanded as a bypass road in the 1970s (see below long-distance connections and roads ).

In the course of time, especially in the 1980s and 1990s, numerous vacant lots were closed and areas that had previously been avoided were included in the development. So south of the old main street and starting from the old Bahnhofstraße closer to the course of the Salzböde on the Südring, not only numerous houses were built, but also the now only grocer, a supermarket with a post office , and in the immediate vicinity of both the supermarket and the village community center 1954 and the parish hall of the FeG (see religions in the next section) a residential and commercial building with shops , an ice cream parlor , a lawyer and a dental practice and consequently a new village center. In addition, the base of the local volunteer fire brigade can be found here in an extension to the village community center .

In the 1980s, further houses began to be built high on the eastern flank of the Himerich and into the already very steep location of the south-eastern slope of the Himerich (Adolph-Diesterweg-Straße, but also extensions of the Freiherr-vom-Stein- Straße and Thomas-Mann-Straße). With this, the new school (Adolph-Diesterweg-Schule) on Himerichsweg, which had been very lonely high up on the mountain, was included in the closed townscape.

former inn Petersburg , today a hotel

Another area that was built on at an early stage is at the foot of the Krieb, essentially along the relatively newer trade route that runs there - a section of the Grand Ducal Hessian Art Route built between 1817 and 1825 (see long-distance connections and roads below ). This area, which is located away from the actual town center, was initially only built on with a few houses. Notable among them are the Schulze's Villa, which stands high on the slope above the road at the edge of the forest, and the Petersburg ⊙, which is north of the road and has always been used as a restaurant and hotel . In both cases, the buildings are proper names that go back to their builders or residents: the Schulz family owned the local Justushütte at the time and was therefore the employer for several hundred people in this less developed region, the builder and first operator of the today's Landgasthof Petersburg was known under the name Peter. This is probably one of the so-called house names (Petersch) that are still used in the hinterland to this day. In the meantime, this area on the federal road is very densely built up and, especially in the direction of the Krieb, has been considerably expanded by several municipal roads (south of Kriebweg, Haselhute, Gartenhute, Justus-Kilian-Weg and north of the federal road Am Weidenhäuser Bahnhof). The development is partly in the Erdhausen district. Overall, this area is referred to as a separate district of Petersburg on the street of the same name within the Gladenbach district of Weidenhausen and is therefore officially signposted.

Most recently, in the late 1990s, an area that was meanwhile (as of 2006) again practically completely built-up was developed on the high-lying area in the Cromerg and Haumbach area. The descendants of local families and new citizens settled here as well as a not inconsiderable number of families who have immigrated from the area of ​​the former Soviet Union in recent years .

Natural monuments

The "Digge Stäij" in the Haardt
  • The 6 m high iron observation tower on the Köpfchen , built in 1982, stands at 384.1  m above sea level. NHN high so-called Köppchen . This is how the Weidenhäuser Koppe is called to distinguish it from the Koppe, the highest elevation in the neighboring district of Erdhausen , which is 454.1  m above sea level. NHN is significantly higher and also dominated by a lookout tower. From both towers you have a different wide view of the respective district, the hinterland and the neighboring mountainous region, from the Koppe even to the Lahn valley .
  • Halfway between the Kneipp basin in the valley floor of the Seibertshausen Bach and the observation tower on the Köppchen you will find the "Dicken Stein", a large boulder, around which numerous legends have grown up.

traffic

Long-distance connections and roads

Not least because of its geographical and political remote location, Weidenhausen was only very loosely linked to the network of long-distance connections for centuries; it was, so to speak, in one of the numerous meshes. A southern branch line of one of the old long-distance trade routes - which in this case connected Leipzig and Cologne and was also referred to as " Brabanter Straße " because it continued into the Dutch provinces - ran past a few kilometers north of the town. To the south, one of the other long-distance routes from the Frankfurt area or coming from Gießen touched the locality in the area of ​​the customs beech . This so-called Westfalenweg (see above political-geographical location ) ran in this region largely remote from settlement or on the Lahn / Dill or Aar / Salzböde watershed . It led near the southern boundary of Weidenhausen and then south to Günterod, west to Hartenrod and Schlierbach - thus the area of ​​today's municipality of Bad Endbach - past the important intersection of old highways at Angelburg (Berg) and beyond to Paderborn or Bremen . Since this route ran from Giessen past the Dünsberg in today's municipality of Biebertal and over the Schneeberg mountains after 1628 almost completely in the Hesse-Darmstadt area, this also became the main axis of traffic between the Hessian hinterland and the state capital Darmstadt . But even the regional route used to develop the northern parts of the hinterland only branched off from the Westfalenweg a little way west of the customs beech in the area of ​​the locally famous Heul-Eiche and thus in the area of ​​the higher court.

Today (2006) the most important long-distance connection is the federal highway 255 (B 255) from Marburg an der Lahn to Montabaur in the Rhineland-Palatinate Westerwaldkreis . The section of this street in Weidenhausen was originally developed by the Grand Duchy of Hesse between 1817 and 1825 as part of the region's oldest art street between the Zollbuche and Biedenkopf . Weidenhausen was thus connected directly to the long-distance traffic network for the first time, as the Westfalenweg from the direction of Gießen to the Zollbuche was also being expanded in this way at the same time. The section Westfalenweg of this artificial road is almost congruent with today's state road L 3047, the section between Gladenbach and Biedenkopf corresponds to today's federal road 453 (B 453).

From the Petersburg, as the B 255 is called in the local area Weidenhausen (see above development of the townscape ), the L 3050 branches off over a bridge built in the late 1960s. The bridge and the first section form a bypass for the main part of Weidenhausen as a replacement for the former main axis from Petersburg via Bahnhofsstraße through the middle of Justushütte (see below Economic Development ) and the former main street (now Weidenhäuser Straße) through most of the core development. At the level of the so-called Vorderen Mühlstraße, however, this bypass meets the built-up area again and climbs as a west ring to the northeast flank of the Himerich, where it then runs again on the route of the main road and further into the Salzbödetal in the Bad Endbach district.

Immediately west of the Römershäuser Bach runs a district road , which branches off the L 3050 exactly north of the Himerich and leads to the Gladenbach district of Römershausen and then indirectly in the Runzhausen district to today's B 453. In the first section, which runs almost straight to the north, it crosses the route of the former Owergerichtsweg (see above regional and local history ), which today can only be recognized as an unpaved dirt road. Elsewhere in the district, too, the remains of formerly important traffic routes are only preserved as parts of field or forest paths.

Public transportation

It was probably not least the demands of local businesses for reliable transport options for heavy freight or large quantities of raw materials and products that ultimately made the construction of a railway line to develop the region appear economical. Contrary to what the name Aar-Salzböde-Bahn suggests, this railway line was built in the opposite direction.

On May 12, 1894, the first section between Niederwalgern and Weidenhausen was opened. This new line in Niederwalgern branched off from the Main-Weser Railway , which was already very important at that time and runs between Gießen and Cölbe just north of Marburg in the wide Lahn valley . The route of the Aar-Salzböde-Bahn really follows the course of the Salzbödetal from the second stop in Damm . In Erdhausen and Weidenhausen, two larger industrial companies, the Aurora hut (today Weso) and the Justushütte, were connected to the supra-regional transport network. On the other hand, passenger transport was also offered on this route from day one .

On July 15, 1901, the second section of the railway line from Weidenhausen to Hartenrod went into operation. No larger operations were connected here, but a smaller and a larger viaduct had to be built at great expense to route the rails .

On August 1, 1902, after the construction of two more viaducts in Hartenrod and near Eisemroth, as well as a larger tunnel west of Hartenrod, the last section from Hartenrod to Herborn could also go into operation. This also made the connection to the so-called Dill route .

The railway line could apparently not really cover costs due to the lack of greater transport requirements for economic goods, although it was regularly used by numerous schoolchildren and, above all, commuters in the direction of Marburg, Gießen, Frankfurt, but also less frequently in the direction of Burg, Herborn, Dillenburg and Siegen. On May 27, 1995, passenger traffic between Niederwalgern and Hartenrod was discontinued and on June 9, 2001 the entire line was completely shut down.

A railway bridge next to the Waldmühle in Weidenhausen has already been demolished and parts of the track have been removed elsewhere, in particular at road or path overpasses. After rails were illegally removed in the Lohra district at the beginning of 2006, the track systems have apparently been dismantled in sections from the direction of Herborn since spring 2006. In the summer of 2006, a road bridge along the B 255 next to the Weso (see above) in the Erdhausen district was replaced by an embankment after the tracks had previously been dismantled.

Rails and sleepers have been completely cleared of the railway embankment in Weidenhausen since the end of 2006.

Personalities

  • Hans Friebertshäuser (Dais Hans, Dais → house name ) (born March 21, 1929 in Weidenhausen, † January 21, 2015 in Marburg), linguist, dialect researcher and lifelong dialect speaker, from 1971 to 1994 head of the Hesse-Nassau dictionary , specialist and novelist , Quote: "He es mid de Bonnsopp gruhsgezoche worn un imm'r en eächd'r Weirehäuser gebliwwe."
  • Jakob Wilhelm Hinder (born March 1, 1901 in Weidenhausen; † January 1, 1976 in Deidesheim), German patron and collector of modern ceramics.
  • Philipp Schubert (born November 16, 1897 in Weidenhausen, Biedenkopf district, † January 5, 1965 in Hermannstein), politician (SPD)
  • Hans-Jürgen Walter (born March 25, 1944 in Weidenhausen), founder of Gestalt theoretical psychotherapy in Germany
  • Ferdinand Werner (born October 27, 1876 in Weidenhausen, † March 5, 1961 in Berlin), NSDAP politician, President and Prime Minister of the People's State of Hesse from 1933, "Reichswanderführer".

literature

  • Main teacher J. Durcholz: village chronicle. (with additions by Philipp Scheld and others), typescript / manuscript in the possession of the Heimatverein Weidenhausen, quoted from the memory of the author.
  • Pastor Martin Lenz, church council: Festschrift for the inauguration of the new church of the Evangelical Lutheran parish . August 1962.
  • Literature about Weidenhausen in the Hessian Bibliography

Web links

Commons : Weidenhausen  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Weidenhausen, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Population figures on the website of the City of Gladenbach , accessed on March 23, 2018
  3. ↑ Predicates put to the test - awakening from slumberIn: Oberhessische Presse , accessed on March 25, 2016.
  4. ^ A b Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 311 ( online at google books ).
  5. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Biedenkopf and Marburg districts and the city of Marburg (Lahn) (GVBl. II 330-27) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 154 , § 21 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  6. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 351 .
  7. ↑ Main State Archive Wiesbaden, Certificate W 171 C 825
  8. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  10. ^ The affiliation of the office Blankenstein based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567-1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  11. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 7 ( online at google books ).
  12. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 27 ff ., § 40 point 6c) ( online at google books ).
  13. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  244 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  14. ↑ Art. 14 of the peace treaty between the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Kingdom of Prussia of September 3, 1866 ( Hess. Reg.Bl. pp. 406-407 )
  15. ↑ Ordinance on the constitution of the courts in the former Duchy of Nassau and the former Grand Ducal Hessian territories excluding the Meisenheim district of June 26, 1867. ( PrGS 1867, pp. 1094–1103 )
  16. ↑ Order of August 7, 1867, regarding the establishment of the according to the Most High Ordinance of June 26th J. in the former Duchy of Nassau and the former Grand Ducal Hessian territories, with the exclusion of the Oberamtsbezirks Meisenheim, courts to be formed ( Pr. JMBl. Pp. 218-220 )
  17. ↑ Decree amending the higher regional court districts of July 20, 1944 ( RGBl. I p. 163 )
  18. ↑ Subject: Court organization (change of district court districts) of December 14, 1948 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1948 no. 52 , p. 563 , item 728 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3,4 MB ]).
  19. ↑ Second law amending the Court Organization Act (Amends GVBl. II 210-16) of February 12, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1968 No. 4 , p. 41–44 , article 1, paragraph 12 b) ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
  20. ↑ Subject: Court organization (establishment of branches of local courts) of July 1, 1964 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1968 No. 28 , p. 1037 , point 777: Section 1, Paragraph 5 ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 2.8 MB ]).
  21. ↑ Third ordinance on the adjustment of the organizational rules of the court (changes GVBl. II 210–33; GVBl. II 210–86) of October 10, 2003 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2003 No. 16 , p. 291 , Article 1, Paragraph 1 c) ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 531 kB ]). refers to the order on the establishment and jurisdiction of judicial branches (changes GVBl. II 210-33) of May 24, 1974 . In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 18 , p. 539 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.6 MB ]).
  22. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  189 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  23. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  201 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  24. ↑ Population figures from the web archive: 2004 , 2006 , 2010–2012 , from 2014
  25. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  26. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms of the community Weidenhausen in the district of Biedenkopf, administrative district of Wiesbaden from July 9, 1954 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1954 No. 30 , p. 729 , point 674 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 2.2 MB ]).
  27. ↑ Lookout tower on the head at weidenhausen.de
  28. ↑ a b Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
  29. ↑ Horst W. Müller: Wilhelmsteine ​​and Ellerchen, legendary and strange stones and rocks in the southwestern hinterland , Hinterland history sheets, Biedenkopf, 93rd year, No. 3, September 2014, pp. 51 and 52, thick stone