Central Hessian Landheegen
The Mittelhessische Landheegen are two land forces in the west and south of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district . They still form the district boundaries there today.
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The "inner hedge" is 29 km long and was laid out between 1297 and 1307, the "outer hedge" is 16 km long and was probably created between 1359 and 1374; it connects to the indoor hedge.
history
The Heegen were a high medieval border security . They were a defense work laid out by the Landgraviate of Hesse and directed against the Counts of Nassau ( House of Nassau ) who were pushing into the same area . The area of the office of Blankenstein , which Hesse had won over many years of armed conflict, known as the "100 year old Dernbach feud ", was intended to protect against further attacks by Nassau and their allies (including the diocese of Mainz ). The Innenheege protected the "lower court" (today the city of Gladenbach ) of the former Blankenstein office as well as the court of Lohra and the district of Fronhausen (Lahn) . The external hedge secured (enclosed) after the end of the feud the "higher court", today congruent with the community of Bad Endbach .
Execution of a Heege (Landwehr)
course
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The inner hay started at the Allerburg mountain (see Burgstall Allerburg ), north of the village of Rachelshausen ( Gladenbach ), to the west enclosed the present-day communities of Gladenbach, Lohra and Fronhausen (mostly along the present-day community boundaries) and ended on the boundary between Fronhausen and the village of Odenhausen ( Lollar ) at the Röderheide settlement on the Lahn.
The external hedge started on the Kreuzberg north of Bottenhorn ( Bad Endbach ), then ran parallel to the border between the former county / duchy of Nassau and the landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt / grand duchy of Hessen-Darmstadt (today the district border between the district of Marburg-Biedenkopf and the Lahn-Dill-Kreis ) and to the west past Schlierbach (Bad Endbach) and Hartenrod , the village of Günterod (Bad Endbach) spared (originally belonged to the county of Solms) and continued over the customs beech to the snow mountains east of Oberweidbach ( Bischoffen ) met the indoor hedge again.
In the area of the Endbacher Platte , to the east of Günterod , the outer hedge had a sack-shaped attachment that enclosed almost the entire area of the village of Bischoffen . He closed with a tariff on the border to the county of Nassau / Duchy of Nassau (between Bischoffen and Offenbach (Mittenaar) near the Gellenbach mill ) the new route of the important Cologne-Leipzig long-distance trade route running in the Aartal ; which gradually replaced the older route of the Brabanter Straße, which formerly ran further north .
Called the Heege in cadastral plans also "Landheege" or "Herrenheege" consisted of a Gebück of mutually interwoven hornbeam and thorns and was between 30 and 50 m wide. For long stretches it was also provided with a wall with a ditch. She also made use of natural features of the terrain, such as ridges and rocks, and included small hills as viewpoints. A riding and control path was laid out along the defenders' side. On the Hessian side, land guards and castles were integrated into the system, which communicated with each other with optical signals (flags, smoke, mirrors, torches).
The routes of the former outer and inner hedge have determined the course of the district boundary of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district, both to the western Lahn-Dill district and to the southern district of Gießen . Specifically, this applies to the western borders of the municipalities of Bad Endbach , Gladenbach and a part of the municipality of Lohra to the Lahn-Dill district, as well as to the further course of the southern borders of the municipalities of Lohra and Fronhausen to the district of Gießen.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Heegen in the Central Hessian area were abandoned and most of the wood was charred into charcoal .
More Heegen in the region
Heegen the counties of Solms and Nassau
The counties of Solms and Nassau also had their territories separated from each other by Heegen, as evidenced by the Heege on the "Hörre", which began at Edingen an der Dill and at the annex of the Hessian external heege at Bischoffen (Bischoffer Sack), at the Gellenbach mill (Customs office: Hessen-Darmstadt / Nassau) connected. This Heege was maintained by both neighbors.
Heege of Mark Dautphe
The Mark Dautphe, which is mentioned for the first time in 791, formed economically, as a cent or cent court, also politically and legally, a unit. Their Heege ran from the Daubhaus (beginning of the Hess. Innenheege) between Holzhausen and Runzhausen to the Landwehr am Hünstein near Holzhausen, from there over the Lämp-Berg , the Streichenberg and over the Hohe Höll between Allendorf and Damshausen, crossed the Lahn west of Kernbach , climbed up to the Wichtel houses on Wollenberg . Furthermore, the Heege followed the so-called Lützeler Gebirge to the bagpipe , turned to the so-called Wieschen , then over the Hainpracht , again crossed the Lahn near Ludwigshütte , the Burgberg west of Hommertshausen, the Bolzeberg , the Schlossberg and back to the Daubhaus. Until the end of the 15th century, the western boundary of the Heege also represented the western boundary of the Landgrave-Hessian sovereign area.
See also
Web links
literature
- Friedrich Uhlhorn, Grenzbildung in Hessen, The development of the western border of the Biedenkopf district , publications of the Academy for Spatial Research and Regional Planning, Volume 48, pp. 51–65, Gebr. Jänecke Verlag Hannover 1969
- Karl Huth: Dautphe: Heart of a historical cultural landscape . Board of the community of Dautphe 1973
Individual evidence
- ↑ Horst W. Müller, Die Mittelhessischen Landheegen, Heegen established Bad Endbach's external borders as early as the 14th century , Hinterländer Geschichtsblätter, 89 volume, No. 4, December 2010, Biedenkopf
- ↑ Helmut Groos, Mittenaar, a home book , Offenbach 1988; H. Groos, Volume 2, Home and History Mittenaar , Offenbach 2004
- ↑ Karl Huth 1973, p. 9 f