Bottenhorn

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Bottenhorn
Bad Endbach municipality
Coat of arms of the local community
Coordinates: 50 ° 47 ′ 33 "  N , 8 ° 28 ′ 47"  E
Height : 485  (485-541.2)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 8.62 km²
Residents : 1200
Population density : 139 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1974
Postal code : 35080
Area code : 06464
Bottenhorn in the middle of the plateaus with the transmission tower on the Angelburg in the background
Bottenhorn in the middle of the plateaus with the transmission tower on the Angelburg in the background

Bottenhorn (mdal. Boddehe'nn ) is a district of the Bad Endbach municipality in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district in central Hesse .

Mayor is Michael Rombach.

Geographical location

The district of Bottenhorn of the Bad Endbach municipality is located in the Gladenbacher Bergland (eastern foothills of the Westerwald , which intersects here with the southern foothills of the Rothaargebirge ) in a changeable low mountain range, in the Lahn-Dill-Bergland nature park , between the cities of Marburg and Herborn , i.e. in the middle of the Hessian hinterland . With a town center height of 485  m above sea level. NN , Bottenhorn is the second highest village in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district after Hülshof .

In terms of nature, the plateau around Bottenhorn, which stretches from the 552  m high Daubhaus north of Gladenbach to the northern edge of the Scheldt Forest ( Angelburg (mountain) 609 m above sea level), is called the Bottenhorn plateau (over 50 km² in size). These plateaus, created in the Tertiary , are one of the oldest land surfaces in the Rhenish Slate Mountains .

Roads 3049 and 3288 intersect in the village

The community has an airfield with a 525 m long grass runway . It is designated as a special landing site and has the ICAO code EDGT. The operator is the Luftsportgemeinschaft Bottenhorn e. V.

Ev. church
uh Backhaus u. town hall
Bottenhorn, Sunday costume, former Blankenstein Supreme Court, watercolor by Ferdinand Justi

history

Bottenhorn is the oldest town in this area. According to its hydrographic requirements , it should have belonged to the Perfgau at the time of its creation . The field name “Scheid”, east of Bottenhorn, could indicate an original separation from the Gladenbach court.

According to a legend, the Franconian armies are said to have gathered on the Bottenhorn plateau before they moved north via the Heerstraße (early medieval high path running on the Perf / Dautphe watershed, beginning: Bottenhorn / Holzhausen municipality boundary) to the north against the Saxons ( Saxon Wars of Charlemagne ) , especially before the great battle at Laisa and Battenfeld in 778. The central location on a plateau, on which formerly important old streets converged from all sides, probably gave rise to this legendary interpretation. The strand of the old east-west long-distance trade route Leipzig-Cologne ( Brabanter Strasse ) ran across the large plateau . At the fishing castle it crossed with the Westfalenweg from the south, from the direction of Gießen, on the Aar / Salzböde watershed . This is where the “Hohe Straße” arriving from Herborn and a little further north near Hirzenhain the “Rheinstraße” from the direction of Dillenburg flow into. There was enough pasture here with small streams and springs for the supply of the riding and draft animals for resting. Overall, an ideal meeting place for a large army of several thousand horsemen and foot soldiers. In addition, north of Rachelshausen, on the edge of the plateau, in crevices of the diabase, there was a high-quality iron ore deposit ( hematite ) with up to 70% iron content, which should have been important for the manufacture of weapons.

The oldest known written mention of Bottenhorn took place in 1253 under the name Budehorn . Bottenhorn was first mentioned in 1253 in a church file containing a list of the Laaspher parish properties.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Bottenhorn in 1830:

"Bottenhorn (L. Bez. Gladenbach) evangel. Branch village; is 2 St. from Gladenbach in a rough area, has 94 houses and 552 inhabitants, all of which are Protestant, also 1 chapel and 1 grinding mill. In the 15th century the place belonged to the Gladenbacher church area. "

Territorial reform

On July 1, 1974 were part of the municipal reform in Hesse , the communities of Bad Endbach, Bottenhorn, Dernbach, Hartenrod and Hülshof to advanced power state law large village called Bad Endbach together .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Bottenhorn was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1501: 019 men
• 1577: 038 house seats
• 1630: 035 house seats; 4 two-horse, 17 single-horse farm workers, 14 single-horse  men
• 1742: 080 households
• 1791: 385 inhabitants
• 1800: 385 inhabitants
• 1806: 451 inhabitants, 76 houses
• 1829: 552 inhabitants, 94 houses
Bottenhorn: Population from 1791 to 2011
year     Residents
1791
  
 385
1800
  
 385
1806
  
 451
1829
  
 552
1834
  
 630
1840
  
 644
1846
  
 657
1852
  
 677
1858
  
 673
1864
  
 558
1871
  
 550
1875
  
 693
1885
  
 723
1895
  
 797
1905
  
 796
1910
  
 833
1925
  
 976
1939
  
 1,038
1946
  
 1,403
1950
  
 1,355
1956
  
 1,267
1961
  
 1,284
1967
  
 1,340
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 ?
2011
  
 1,155
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1830: 0552 Protestant residents
• 1885: 0721 Protestant and 2 Catholic residents
• 1961: 1147 Protestant (= 89.33%), 129 Roman Catholic (= 10.05%) inhabitants

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1867: Labor force: 211 agriculture
• 1961: Labor force: 222 agriculture and forestry, 344 manufacturing, 48 trade and transport, 44 services and other.

literature

Web links

Commons : Bottenhorn  - Collection of Images

Remarks

  1. ^ Further mentions were made: 1304 as botin horns ; 1324 as Buttinhorn ; 1491 as Bettehorn and 1502 as Bottenhorn

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Bottenhorn, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of May 22, 2017). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Bottenhorn district on the website of the municipality of Bad Endbach, accessed in September 2015.
  3. ↑ Ulrich Lennarz, The Territorial History of the Hessian Hinterland , Ed. Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, NG Elwertsche Verlagsbuchhandlung Marburg 1973, p. 31
  4. ^ Ulrich Lennarz, The Territorial History of the Hessian Hinterland , Ed. Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, NG Elwertsche Verlagsbuchhandlung Marburg 1973, Map No. 6, Alte Straßen
  5. ^ A b Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 34 ( online at google books ).
  6. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Biedenkopf and Marburg districts and the city of Marburg (Lahn) (GVBl. II 330-27) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 154 , § 18 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  7. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 351 .
  8. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  9. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  10. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 7 ( online at google books ).
  11. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 27 ff ., § 40 point 6c) ( online at google books ).
  12. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  244 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  13. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 416 ( online at Google Books ).
  14. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  189 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  15. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  201 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  16. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;