Wommelshausen

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Wommelshausen
Bad Endbach municipality
Wommelshausen coat of arms
Coordinates: 50 ° 45 ′ 58 ″  N , 8 ° 29 ′ 40 ″  E
Height : 343  (268-510)  m
Area : 5.94 km²
Residents : 900
Population density : 152 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st February 1971
Postal code : 35080
Area code : 02776
View from the south towards Dernbach (right from the center of the picture in the forest)
View from the south towards Dernbach (right from the center of the picture in the forest)

Wommelshausen is a district of the Bad Endbach community in the Marburg-Biedenkopf district in central Hesse . The hut district belongs to Wommelshausen .

Since December 20, 1962, Wommelshausen has been awarded the title of state-recognized resort . Wommelshausen took part in the state competition " Our village should be more beautiful " 5 times and in 1990 achieved 2nd place in the state decision.

Geographical location

Wommelshausen is located (center 350  m ) about 1 km north of Endbach in a nesting position, in a valley basin that is only open to the southeast, well protected against cold north and east winds, in the southern roof of the Bottenhorn plateau to the upper Salzbödetal in the Gladenbacher Bergland (eastern foothills of the Westerwald , which intersects here with the southern foothills of the Rothaargebirge ). The place is located in the southwestern Hessian hinterland , in a changeable low mountain range between the cities of Marburg and Herborn , north of Wetzlar .

View from the northwest over Wommelshausen into the middle Salzbödetal

State road 3049 , which branches off from the L 3050 in the Hütte district, runs through the village . The district is located about 1.5 km southeast of the main town on the salt flats .

From 1902 to 2001 the place was accessible via the Aar-Salzböde-Bahn .

history

Prehistory, trapezoidal hatchet and double ax (amazon ax)

In the district of Wommelshausen, an approximately nine centimeter long trapezoidal ax from the Neolithic was found in a field on the Äwwelt .

A special feature is the discovery of an old, broken stone half double ax made of diorite , an Amazon ax , a status symbol with cultic meaning, which was discovered in the Gewenn (field name ) during excavation work in 1973 . This double ax from the early third millennium BC Chr. ( Neolithic , Beaker culture , megalithic , barrows ) is the most southerly Fund a decorated with grooves ax and the only copy in Hesse. It is of great importance for the local history.

Almost similar but unbroken double-edged axes - probably also status symbols - were found as additions in a single grave in Wertle / Emmeln Krs. Meppen and two more near Buxtehude Krs. Stade and Lembruch Krs. Grafschaft Diepholz.

middle Ages

Between 500 and 600 AD, Central Hesse was incorporated into the Franconian state association . The “‑hausen ‑ places” in this area were created between the 6th and 8th centuries AD. The early medieval settlement consisted of scattered individual farmsteads and hamlet-shaped settlements on the upper reaches of small streams or in the vicinity of Swell. Franconian landlords' farms and individual farms of independent farmers were gradually put together for strategic reasons to form farm groups, downstream in places protected from the wind, also because of the better water supply. The dominant courtyard was then named.

Wommelshausen was first mentioned in a document on August 10, 1336 (villa Womoldisdhusin superior et inferior), as a double town of Ober- and Nieder-Wommelshausen. As early as 1268, however, the Marien-Kapelle ( Old Church Wommelshausen ) had already been converted ( dendrochronologically documented), so the place already existed at that time. Documents are evidence of legal transactions obtained purely by chance and say nothing about the real age of a settlement; they only attest to the first mention.

The village of Nieder-Wommelshausen had already become desolate in the middle of the 14th century , presumably as a result of armed conflicts ( Dernbacher feud ) and climatic changes / influences ( Magdalen floods in 1342 ). Its former location at the confluence of the Dorfbach and the Dernbach is known and has been documented by archaeological finds (ceramics).

View from the cross "Am Stein" (inaugurated on December 31, 2010) over Wommelshausen into the Salzbödetal

The place name is derived from the Franconian first name Womhold or Wombold .

Wommelshausen had been a landgrave Hessian village since 1336 . It was not subject to any other local lords. The lords of Dernbach zu Dernbach ( Alt-Dernbach Castle ) held the largest property here as Hessian fiefdoms , which were renewed by the landgraves until 1707. Their fiefs were z. B. 1577 managed by eleven herds (farmers), the Rode von Dernbach (based in Marburg) by three. The German Order of Knights owned four estates, the Lords of Schwalbach and the Gladenbach bailiff Daniel Lynker (on Hülshof ) each owned two farms.

Historical forms of names

In documents that have been preserved, Wommelshausen was mentioned under the following place names (in each case with the year of mention):

  • 1336 Womoldishusin superior et inferior (Ober- and Nieder-Wommelshausen)
  • 1340 Womulshusen
  • imprecise dating, Wommeldishoffen
  • 1400 Waneboltshusen
  • 1435 Wamelzshusen
  • 1460 Wommelzhusen
  • 1500 Womelshusen
  • 1536 Wumolzhusen
  • 1570 Womeltzhausen
  • 1577 Wolmershausen
  • 1586 Wommeltzhausen
  • 1707 Womelshausen

Historical descriptions

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Wommelshausen in 1830:

"Wommelshausen (L. Bez. Gladenbach) evangel. Branch village; is in a rough area, 1 1 ⁄ 2  St. from Gladenbach, has 45 houses and 269 inhabitants, all of whom are Protestant. There are 3 grinding mills, with which 1 oil mill is connected, and the inhabitants are very busy with knitting and selling stockings. This branch of industry, which is carried on here as well as in Römershausen, Dernbach, Schlierbach, Hartenrod, Endbach and Günterod, and which adds a lot of money to the poor area there, is truly important; for the goods created by the constant industry of the residents are bought up by local traders, immediately brought to the fairs and markets in Frankfurt, Offenbach, Aschaffenburg, Mainz, Darmstadt, Worms, Manheim, etc., but mostly at annual fairs, such as through domestic trade in Inland, in the Prussian, Bavarian and Baden states. This important branch of industry deserves to be recommended to the special care of the state all the more, as the stoppage of it would make the inhabitants of the places mentioned impoverished. The so-called hut belongs to Wommelshausen, which is 5 minutes away. Iron stones were broken here in 1660. Copper ores were also extracted here in the past. In the 15th century the place belonged to the Gladenbach church area. "

and to the hamlet hut:

“Hut (L. Bez. Gladenbach) hamlet; belongs to Wommelshausen, from which it is only 5 minutes away, and is located on the Salzböthe. This hamlet has two mills, 16 houses and 100 evangelical residents. Before ancient times there was an ironworks here, from which the current name of the place can be derived. "

District hut and the "Hüttner hut"

Hüttner Backhaus, is used sporadically

In 1496, a forest smithy is mentioned in the hut district about 1.5 km southeast of the main town . There was a late medieval ironworks here , the Hüttner hut . The former location is identical to the area of ​​the Hüttner mill at the confluence of the Dernbach in the salt flats and was proven by slag finds. The ironworks existed from around the middle of the 15th century to the end of the 16th / beginning of the 17th century. It is believed that the work was abandoned because the price of bar iron fell rapidly at this time and the local charcoal fell through Overuse of forests became scarce. To produce one ton of iron you needed four tons of charcoal, for which about 8 times the amount of wood had to be charred. Around 8000 m² of well-stocked coppice had to be cleared for this. The rulers were forced to close smaller iron smelters and concentrate production in a few places, near large forests. The ore was brought to the wood.

As early as 1660, iron ore was transported from Wommelshausen to the Bieberhütte near Rodheim-Bieber in order to maintain the smelting operation. The Hüttner hut no longer existed at that time. The Ludwigshütte near Biedenkopf also had to be supplied with ore from Wommelshausen and the surrounding villages in the beginning and later for “cheapest wages” (by ox and cow teams, so-called Eisenstein drives ). In the Wommelshausen district, ores were dug in various pits , primarily iron ore.

The hut district emerged from the settlement of the ironworkers . Two older place names are known, from 1570 uff der Hutten and from 1703 Die Hütte .

From 1865/66 was in two tunnels "am Brühl", at the western foot of the "Räschert", in the district lodge nickel ore and copper ore mined, but rehired because of the low yields after a few years.

school

Lorenz Hoppmann is named as the first teacher in Wommelshausen in 1665, who served until 1697. The students from Dernbach and Hülshof (until 1926) also went to school in Wommelshausen for decades or were taught by teachers from Wommelshausen. In 1837/39 they built their own school building, which is now used as a residential building. Previously, the lessons took place in the attic of the bakery or in rented private rooms. When the number of pupils rose to over 110 after 1900, the community built a new schoolhouse in 1903/04 (location: today's village community center ) with a second teacher's apartment. Even this was soon no longer enough with over 150 students, the school was expanded by a third hall.

After more than 300 years, the school in Wommelshausen was closed in 1969.

Church affiliation

New Protestant church with an egg-shaped floor plan, consecrated in 1965.
Old church Wommelshausen , over 900 years old
Church towers of the old and the new church

Ecclesiastically, Wommelshausen belonged to the parish Hartenrod from 1367 to 1969 at the latest, from 1969 to Endbach and has had the status of its own parish since 1971.

There have been two Protestant church buildings in Wommelshausen since 1965 , namely the over 900 year old renovated Old Church (former Marienkapelle ) and the New Church, consecrated in 1965, with its idiosyncratic egg-shaped floor plan . An almost identical church has stood since 1953 with the Kreuzkirche Hirschegg in Kleinwalsertal.

The parish has two Protestant houses of worship, a special feature for a village that is unique in the entire area. In the old church , too, services are regularly held at longer intervals.

Quarries

View of the "Hahnkopf" quarry in the direction of Wommelshausen, still in operation

Towards the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, three quarries were started (e.g. the two quarries “Zimmermann” in 1898 and “Hahnkopf” in 1902 - still in operation -) in which diabase is mined. This diabase variety is known under the name Hinterländer Grünstein . It mainly consists of the minerals olivine and augite .

Municipality code of 1821, forerunner of the large municipality

With the implementation of a new Hessian municipal code in 1821 , new administrative units were created in the new district of Gladenbach , forerunners of today's large municipalities. Among other things, the communities of Dernbach, Schlierbach and Wommelshausen with a hut were combined to form a mayor's office based in Wommelshausen. The merger was dissolved again in 1848/49.

Working-class village

Until well into the middle of the 20th century, Wommelshausen was a typical Hinterland workers' farmer village, characterized by part -time farming , so-called after-work farming .

Merger with Endbach and the rating bathroom

Town hall with bakery, today a local museum

On February 1, 1971, the previously independent communities of Endbach and Wommelshausen voluntarily merged to form the new community of Endbach ( community merger) in the run-up to the regional reform in Hesse . This means that the hut district came under a single administration. Until then, its eastern, older and larger part with the two mills ( Plocke-Mühle and Hüttner-Mühle ) belonged to Wommelshausen and the western part to Endbach.

Günterod joined the new community of Endbach on April 1, 1972.

On October 11, 1973, the Hessian Minister of the Interior awarded the community of Endbach, which at that time consisted of the three districts of Endbach, Günterod and Wommelshausen, the rating bath .

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Wommelshausen was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

population

Population development

Source: Historical local dictionary

  • 1502: 016 households
  • 1577: 025 house seats
  • 1630: 025 subjects; 10 two-horse, 6 single-horse farm workers, 9 single-horse  men .
  • 1648: 016 households, 10 farms destroyed / abandoned
  • 1668: 141 inhabitants (list of souls, Rev. Achenbach)
  • 1742: 071 households
  • 1791: 280 inhabitants
  • 1800: 290 inhabitants
  • 1806: 282 inhabitants, 40 houses (hut: 71 pop., 10 houses)
  • 1829: 269 inhabitants, 45 houses
Wommelshausen: Population from 1791 to 2011
year     Residents
1791
  
 280
1800
  
 290
1829
  
 269
1834
  
 350
1840
  
 410
1846
  
 438
1852
  
 419
1858
  
 454
1864
  
 395
1871
  
 384
1875
  
 461
1885
  
 466
1895
  
 466
1905
  
 519
1910
  
 566
1925
  
 696
1939
  
 793
1946
  
 1,033
1950
  
 1,068
1956
  
 924
1961
  
 926
1967
  
 926
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
1995
  
 927
2011
  
 873
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; 2011 census

Religious affiliation

Source: Historical local dictionary

  • 1830: 269 Protestant (= 100%) residents
  • 1885: 466 Protestant (= 100%) residents
  • 1961: 838 Protestant (= 90.50%), 81 Roman Catholic (= 8.75%) inhabitants

Gainful employment

Source: Historical local dictionary

  • 1867: 94 agriculture, 6 mining and metallurgy, 12 trade and industry, 1 traffic, 1 health care, 1 education and instruction, 3 municipal administration, 3 people without professional practice, 26 people without professional information.
  • 1961: 148 agriculture and forestry, 243 manufacturing, 47 trade and transport, 39 services and others.

Culture and sights

Buildings

Viaduct of the Aar-Salzböde-Bahn near Hütte

Natural monuments

  • Butterfly path
  • four distinctive trees: the " Heul-Eiche ", the "Dicke-Eiche", the "Kaiserlinde" and the "Fächerlinde"
  • a natural monument "Stein am Stein" with a refuge

  • Border tree "Heul-Eiche", on the old direct high path from the hinterland to Giessen

  • Thick oak natural monument , approx. 450 to 500 years old, marks the fork in the road, towards Marburg via Gladenbach or Gießen via Zollbuche

  • Kaiserlinde , planted in 1888 in the three emperor year

  • “Fan linden” at the Wommelshausen Memorial for the Fallen

  • Natural monument "Stein am Stein" (presumably prehistoric cult site), in the background the refuge

Traditional costumes

The Marburg orientalist, folklorist and costume researcher Ferdinand Justi painted a total of seven traditional costume pictures with people (two girls, four women, one man) from Wommelshausen ( Hinterland traditional costumes ) in August 1881 . The relatively large number is presumably due to the initiative of the village teacher at the time, Christian Baum, who established and maintained contact with Justi.

  • Wommelshausen, grandmaid in summery Sunday costume with Dellmutsche

  • Wommelshausen, mourning costume with a white hood and mourning cloak

  • Wommelshausen, stocking knitter in everyday costume

  • Wommelshausen, cowherd in work dress with striped insert, in the background a Simmental cow

Infrastructure

Forest cemetery / funeral forest
  • Forest cemetery / funeral forest , opposite the memorial for the fallen in the old cemetery
  • Kindergarten in the village community center of the converted former new school

literature

  • Hans Immel: The women's costume in Wommelshausen. Semester paper autumn 1937 at PI Weilburg (Pedagogical Institute), (typescript, 49 pages, with numerous photos, patterns and cards, unpublished)
  • Horst W. Müller: Wommelshausen 1336–1986 - A village book . Hrsg. Heimat- und Verschönerungsverein Wommelshausen e. V. Bad Endbach. 2nd Edition. Marburg 1995, OCLC 174007311 .
  • Horst W. Müller: 50 years of the Wommelshausen Heimat- und Beautification Association, Wommelshausen as a tourist destination , publisher: Heimat- und Beautification Association Wommelshausen e. V., Wommelshausen 2003.
  • Horst W. Müller: 675 years of Wommelshausen. Hinterländer Geschichtsblätter, Biedenkopf, No. 3, September 2011, pp. 145–150.
  • Rudolf Klein add.Jakob Pfeifer: Village chronicle of the community Wommelshausen 1964, handwritten , editing and text transfer of the facsimile edition: Volker Schneider, Wolfgang Pfeifer, layout: Volker Schneider, edited by Arbeitsgruppe Chronik, Dorfgemeinschaft Wommelshausen eV Bad Endbach 2011.
  • Chronicle of the school in Wommelshausen 1870–1969, handwritten , editing and text transfer of the facsimile edition: Volker Schneider, Wolfgang Pfeifer, layout: Volker Schneider, ed. Chronicle work group, Dorfgemeinschaft Wommelshausen eV Bad Endbach 2011.
  • Literature about Wommelshausen in the Hessian Bibliography
  • Search for Wommelshausen in the archive portal-D of the German Digital Library

Web links

Commons : Wommelshausen (Bad Endbach)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Wommelshausen, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of March 23, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ The district on the website of the municipality of Bad Endbach , accessed in September 2015.
  3. ↑ Predicates put to the test - awakening from slumberIn: Upper Hessian Press . accessed on March 25, 2016.
  4. ↑ Horst W. Müller: 50 Years of the Heimat- und Beautification Association Wommelshausen, Wommelshausen as a tourist destination , published by the Heimat- und Beautification Association Wommelshausen e. V., Wommelshausen 2003, p. 7
  5. ^ Horst W. Müller: Wommelshausen 1336–1986 - A village book . Hrsg. Heimat- und Verschönerungsverein Wommelshausen e. V. Bad Endbach. 2nd Edition. Marburg 1995, OCLC 174007311 . Pages 9,10 and picture, contribution by Albrecht Jockenhövel
  6. ↑ Norbert Gebauer: The fragment of a double ax of the north German funnel cup culture near Bad Endbach-Wommelshausen , Hinterlander Geschichtsblätter , Biedenkopf, No. 1, March 1991, p. 58 u. 59.
  7. ↑ Traces of the Millennia, Archeology and History in Germany , Ed. Uta von Freeden, Siegmar von Schnurbein, Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart, 2002, fig. 256, page 149; ISBN 3-8062-1337-2
  8. ↑ Horst W. Müller: Desolations in the Bad Endbach area , where were Elwertshausen and Niederwommelshausen? , Hinterländer Geschichtsblätter, Biedenkopf, No. 1, April 2009, pp. 66–68.
  9. ^ Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 330 f . ( Online at google books ).
  10. ^ A b Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 129 ( online at google books ).
  11. ↑ Main State Archives Wiesbaden, Certificate W 171 C 825, 826 f. 475 a. 478
  12. ↑ Horst W. Müller, The "Hüttner Hütte", A contribution to the settlement history of Wommelshausen-Hütte. Hinterländer Geschichtsblätter, Biedenkopf, No. 1 March 1983, p. 23; Addendum No. 2 June 1983, p. 32.
  13. ↑ Ph. E. Klippstein: Mineralogical letters. Giessen 1781, p. 57.
  14. ↑ Chronicle of the school in Wommelshausen 1870–1969 handwritten, editing and text transfer of the facsimile edition: Volker Schneider, Wolfgang Pfeifer; Ed. Working group chronicle village community Wommelshausen eV Bad Endbach 2011
  15. ↑ Horst W. Müller: Evangelical Church Wommelshausen , building description and history of the New Church, published by the church council of the parish Wommelshausen, Wommelshausen 2008
  16. ↑ Festschrift 50 Years, 1965–2015, New Evangelical Church Wommelshausen , Ed. Evangelical Church Community Wommelshausen, Bad Endbach 2015
  17. ↑ Horst W. Müller: Living conditions in the hinterland - The southwestern hinterland at the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century . In: Hinterland history sheets. Biedenkopf, No. 1, March 2016, pp. 97–101.
  18. ↑ Horst W. Müller: Life pictures from the middle of the last century. In: 675 years of Wommelshausen 1336–2011. Ed. Dorfgemeinschaft Wommelshausen eV Bad Endbach 2011, pp. 31–47.
  19. ^ Municipal reform: mergers and integration of municipalities from January 20, 1971 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1971 No. 6 , p. 248 , item 328, para. 51 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 6.2 MB ]).
  20. ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 350 f .
  21. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  22. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  23. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 7 ( online at google books ).
  24. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 27 ff ., § 40 point 6c) ( online at google books ).
  25. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  245 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  26. ↑ Latest countries and ethnology. A geographical reader for all stands. Kur-Hessen, Hessen-Darmstadt and the free cities. tape  22 . Weimar 1821, p. 416 ( online at Google Books ).
  27. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  189 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  28. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  202 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  29. ↑ Selected data on population and households on May 9, 2011 in the Hessian municipalities and parts of the municipality. (PDF; 1 MB) In: 2011 Census . Hessian State Statistical Office;
  30. ↑ Horst W. Müller: Old Church Wommelshausen, building history and reconstruction of the building design. In: Hinterland history sheets. Biedenkopf, Volume 91, No. 4, December 2012, pp. 185, 186, 191, 192 and Volume 92, No. 1, April 2013, Part II, pp. 1, 2.
  31. ↑ see howling oak
  32. ^ Horst W. Müller: Wilhelmsteine ​​and Ellerchen, legendary and strange stones and rocks in the southwestern hinterland. In: Hinterland history sheets. Biedenkopf, Volume 93, No. 3, September 2014, p. 50, Stein am Stein
  33. ^ Horst W. Müller: Wommelshausen 1336–1986 - A village book . Hrsg. Heimat- und Verschönerungsverein Wommelshausen e. V. Bad Endbach. 2nd Edition. Marburg 1995, p. 184 ff.