Kölsch rear

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Kölsches Heck or Landhecke describes today's administrative border between the districts of Olpe and Siegen-Wittgenstein in the administrative district of Arnsberg in North Rhine-Westphalia .

The name Kölsches Heck goes back to the fact that this formerly with trenches and ramparts still visible as a fortified state border separated the Electoral Cologne and thus Catholic Sauerlanders in the former office of Bilstein and Oberkirchen / Grafschaft from their Protestant neighbors from the Siegerland diocese of Mainz .

The Kölsche Heck is the district boundary, language boundary (dialect divide) and denominational boundary to this day .

Purpose of the Landwehr

The Landwehr was built as a fence to protect the two adjacent territories, as the attacks from both neighbors were constantly increasing. It consisted of a ditch and a wall with a hedge of young trees, the trunks of which were bent or bent and the branches intertwined ( Gebück ). Another wall-trench system often followed at a distance of 15 to 100 meters. Because the hedges should remain impenetrable, new branches had to be intertwined with the old from time to time. For this purpose it was necessary to be able to enter the stoop. The spaces in between are free of tree growth; therefore one can walk lengthways from barrier to barrier between both walls and hedges .

Geographical location of the border train

Landwehr Kölsches Heck above Kruberg
Landwehr Kölsches Heck Drewer Wald

Spatially, the Kölsche Heck begins near the village of Rothemühle / Heid, leads over the Bigger Berg above Döingen, past Römershagen to the Löffelberg, where it crosses today's federal motorway 45 and leads along the Hünsborn airfield to the Holzklauer Schlag . The barrier blocked the old road from Siegen towards Olpe . From here over the Rindhagen and the cuckoo spruce between Altenhof and Osthelden , past Altenenken to the Krombacher Schlag near Altenkleusheim . This blow blocked the road connection from Krombach via Altenkleusheim to Olpe. From here over the heights to Grevenstein and Littfelder Schlag, following the ridge near Kruberg and Burgholdinghausen to Rahrbacher Höhe. With the Rahrbacher Schlag a road connection from Littfeld via Burgholdinghausen to Rahrbach was controlled.

Continue to Welschenennester Schlag to Wolfshorn above Silberg and in a hairpin to the south around Dollenbruchsiepen to the Vorpanneiche above Brachthausen . Along the Schartenberg, where there was a camp, following the Albaumer heights to the Oberndorfer Schlag, which blocked the connection between Helberhausen and Heinsberg . Continue over the Dreiherrenstein , where the Siegen-Nassau court ended and the Berleburg court begins, following the ridge to the Rüspe. On the castle hill above the former Rüspe castle, of which there are still some walls, to Heiligenholz, past Kasimirstal , along the Hohe Hessel and Hummerwald, Margarethenstein and Blutstein am Härtler, to the saddle above the hunting lodge . The Bilstein office ended here and the Oberkirchen patrimonial court was now the neighbor on the Cologne side.

The border line continued following the ridge of the Rothaarkamm over the Großer Kopf, the Brandwald above Kühhude , where a road connection from Berleburg to Schmallenberg was blocked off by a road barrier in Schanze . From Obrig Schanze to Heidenstock , Albrechtsberg, Albrechtsplatz to the town of Winterberg .

literature

Archival material

  • Heimatblätter, magazine of the Heimatvereine of the Olpe district
  • Voices from the Olpe district
  • Land registry office Olpe, original land register from 1831

Printed sources and literature

  • Günther Becker, Hans Mieles: Bilstein. Country, castle and place. Lennestadt 1975.
  • Albert K. Hömberg : home chronicle of the district of Olpe. Olpe 1967.
  • Wilhelm Engels : Landwehr and state borders and their contemporary revival (including Nassau-Siegen). In: Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter. Vol. 9, 1939, pp. 149-153.
  • Albert K. Hömberg: Olpe: Church and secular state organization in the original parish areas of southern Westphalia. Munster 1965.
  • Albert K. Hömberg: The emergence of the Westphalian free counties as a problem of the medieval constitutional history. Münster 1953, DNB 452051754 .
  • H. Klein: The Duchy of Westphalia-Kurkölnisches Sauerland- in old maps. 1984.
  • Cornelia Kneppe : The city police forces of the eastern Münsterland. Aschendorff, Münster 2004, ISBN 3-402-05039-0 .
  • Cornelia Kneppe: The Westphalian Landwehr system as a task of preserving monuments. 1999.
  • Landscape verb Westfalen-Lippe, 1986, excavations and finds in Westphalia-Lippe - Vol. 4
  • Landscape verb Westfalen-Lippe, 1986, excavations and finds in Westphalia-Lippe - vol. 6a
  • Landscape verb Westfalen-Lippe, 1987, excavations and finds in Westphalia-Lippe - vol. 5
  • Landscape verb Westfalen-Lippe, 1986, excavations and finds in Westfalen-Lippe - vol. 6a 1
  • Sigrid Lukanow: Find chronicle of the Hochsauerlandkreis 1948-1980. Munster 1988.
  • Herbert Nicke: The Heidenstrasse. Galunder, Nümbrecht 2001, ISBN 3-931251-74-8 .
  • Ernst Meyer: The "Kölsche Heck" and its historical landmarks. In: Freudenberg in current affairs. Issue 1, 1982, pp. 1-7.
  • Gustav Siebel: The Nassau-Siegener Landhecken, An investigation of the Cologne hedge and similar weir systems at Siegen. In: "Contributions to history and regional studies", issue 12, Siegen 1963.
  • G. Stüve: Investigations on the Gogerichte in Westphalia. Wenner, Osnabrück 1972, ISBN 3-87898-067-1 .
  • Dieter Tröps: "Your Köllschen blast noise, trumpets, shawls" - About the relationship between the Sauerland and the Siegerland. In: Voices from the Olpe district. No. 161, 1990, pp. 233-246.
  • Josef Wiegel: County. Contributions to the history of the monastery and the village. County 1972.
  • Alfred Bruns: court and parish of Oberkirchen. Schmallenberg 1981, DNB 820188123 .

List of monuments of the city of Freudenberg

  • A 005 boundary stone - wood steal strike
  • A 006 boundary stone - Ohrndorfer Schlag
  • A 098 Dreiherrenstein Hühnerkamp

See also

Coordinates: 51 ° 0 ′ 33 ″  N , 8 ° 9 ′ 43 ″  E