Oberkirchen (Schmallenberg)

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Oberkirchen
City of Schmallenberg
Coordinates: 51 ° 9 ′ 31 ″  N , 8 ° 22 ′ 22 ″  E
Height : 442  (430-480)  m
Residents : 788  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 57392
Area code : 02975
Oberkirchen (Schmallenberg)
Oberkirchen

Location of Oberkirchen in Schmallenberg
Aerial photo (2013)
Aerial photo (2013)
Town center
B 236 through town

Oberkirchen is a district of the town of Schmallenberg in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany , and belongs to the Hochsauerlandkreis .

geography

location

Oberkirchen is located 8 km east of the core town Schmallenberg in the Lennetal on the B 236 at the foot of the Rothaar Mountains .

Neighboring places

Neighboring places are Winkhausen , Niedersorpe , Inderlenne , Vorwald and Almert .

history

Beginnings

Oberkirchen was first mentioned in a document in 1275. However, the farms in the area were already under the rule of the von Grascap family . Most of the farms in the region around Oberkirchen became Lehnshöfe after the founding of the Grafschaft monastery . The feudal courts remained under the supervision of von Grascap, who became the monastery guardians because they maintained a refuge on the Wilzenberg . The Fürstenberg family later took over the bailiwick .

Witch trials

The last execution at the gallows site took place around 1770.
Inn from 1749
Watermill from 1826
Half-timbered house in Oberkirchen
Oberkirchen

Between 1595 and 1685, 75 people fell victim to the witch trials in Oberkirchen. In 1630 alone , 65 people were burned in Oberkirchen in the patrimonial court of the Barons von Fürstenberg , who had the court in pledge possession of the Electors of Cologne as sovereigns. The witch trial against the 9-year-old child Christine Teipel , who was interrogated on March 7, 1630, became particularly well known . She named the names of 15 people who allegedly took part in the devil dance at night: 8 men, 6 women and a little girl. In seven waves of trials from April to June, 58 people died at the stake, including 22 men and 2 children.

Christine Teipel was executed on May 4, 1630 in the third of a total of seven waves of trials.

In the Lüttmecke near Oberkirchen at “Hexenplatz”, plaques remind of the persecution of witches and the trial of Christine Teipel.

Oberkirchen Patrimonial Court

The Oberkirchen Patrimonial Court had the right to pass life and death sentences. After the sentence was passed at the "Pütte" (place of execution), people went to the place of execution for death sentences . The court in Oberkirchen had the right to make and execute death sentences from 1594 to the beginning of the 19th century.

17th century to 21st century

In 1645 Overkinsen was mapped on the Westphalia Ducatus map. Prince-Bishop Ferdinand von Fürstenberg, the patron saint of the parish, had the parish church on Heidenstrasse rebuilt around 1666 . In 1895, 391 residents lived in Oberkirchen, according to the entry in the trade and business address book of the Province of Westphalia.

Towards the end of World War II, Oberkirchen was captured by the 2nd Battalion of the 47th US Regiment on the afternoon of April 3, 1945. On the evening of the same day there was a counterattack by the German defense. The attacks were carried forward to the center of the village. There was bitter house-to-house fighting with strong air force and artillery support. Oberkirchen was only completely captured by the 2nd Battalion on April 4, 1945 after hours of fighting. There were heavy losses on both sides. After the end of the war, the American division was honored by the American president for its fight for Oberkirchen.

Regional reform in 1975

On January 1, 1975, the municipality of Oberkirchen, to which the 19 localities Oberkirchen, Westfeld, Vorwald, Hoher Bone, Inderlenne, Ohlenbach, Lengenbeck, Nordenau, Nesselbach, Rehsiepen, Obersorpe, Mittelorpe, Rellmecke, Huxel, Holthausen became part of the municipal reorganization , Niedersorpe, Winkhausen, Lüttmecke and Almert belonged to the new town of Schmallenberg.

politics

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the former municipality of Oberkirchen

Blazon :

Squared by blue and gold; in the first and fourth fields a silver floating cross made of six pfennigs between a silver twelve-pronged deer antlers, in the second and third fields two red bars.

Description:

The two shield figures indicate the former bailiffs of Grafschaft Abbey, those with the deer antlers of the Counts of Dassel , who temporarily acted as chief bailiffs of the monastery, and those with the beams of the Lords of Fürstenberg, who in 1573 the noblemen of Grafschaft in office replaced a bailiff. Official approval took place on July 8, 1945.

Head and Mayor of the community of Oberkirchen

In the period from 1843 until the municipal reorganization in 1975, the municipality of Oberkirchen had 11 heads or mayors.

  • 1843–1847: Anton Schütte from Oberkirchen
  • 1847–1849: Caspar Nückel from Winkhausen
  • 1851–1886: Joseph Didam from Oberkirchen
  • 1886–1895: Caspar Gilsbach from Oberkirchen
  • 1895–1903: Caspar Jacobs from Obersorpe
  • 1904–1927: Friedrich Feldman from Oberkirchen
  • 1927–1932: Hermann Gilsbach from Oberkirchen
  • 1932–1937: Josef Feldmann-Hömberg from Oberkirchen
  • 1937–1944: Fritz Didam from Oberkirchen
  • 1945–1948: Wilhelm Kersting from Oberkirchen
  • 1948–1974: Heinrich Himmelreich from Westfeld

Attractions

St. Gertrudis Church

There are 185 monuments in the Schmallenberg urban area. Some of them are in Oberkirchen. In the list of architectural monuments in Schmallenberg you can find all monuments with a short description. The main attractions include:

Personalities

Honorary citizen

Sons and daughters of the place

Others

In 1967, Oberkirchen won federal gold in the competition “ Our village should be more beautiful ”. In 1980 the filmmaker Jürgen Enz realized the home film “Autumn romance” in Vorwald and the Oberkirchen area .

literature

In the twilight
  • Alfred Bruns: Oberkirchen - court and parish of Oberkirchen , contributions to the history of the town of Schmallenberg, town of Schmallenberg (ed.), 1981
  • Alfred Bruns: The Oberkirchener peasantry register 1571-1828. Schmallenberg-Holthausen 1997.
  • Alfred Bruns: The Oberkirchen witch protocols. In: Schieferbergbau-Heimatmuseum Schmallenberg-Holthausen: Witches' jurisdiction in the Sauerland region of Cologne , documentation for the exhibition from July 21st – August 4th, 1984. "Christinichen Teipeln from Oberkirchen", p. 26 ff
  • Friedrich Albert Groeteken : History of the Oberkirchen Parish , 1949

Web links

Commons : Oberkirchen  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population figures Schmallenberg 2019 , accessed on July 3, 2020
  2. ^ Alfred Bruns: Oberkirchen - court and parish Oberkirchen , p. 461, Stadt Schmallenberg (ed.), 1981
  3. ^ Gerhard Voss: Memories of a school boy on the Second World War including the post-war period from Westfeld in the course of time 1072-1997, p. 81 ff. Grobbel Verlag
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 335 f .
  5. ^ Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Kommunale Wappen des Herzogtums Westfalen, Arnsberg 1986, p. 172 ISBN 3-87793-017-4
  6. ^ Alfred Bruns: Oberkirchen - Court and Parish Oberkirchen , p. 571, Stadt Schmallenberg (ed.), 1981
  7. ↑ Short description: Heimatfilm "Autumn romance"