Wormbach

Wormbach City of Schmallenberg
	Coordinates: 51 ° 10 ′ 0 ″ N , 8 ° 15 ′ 23 ″ E
Height :	400 m above sea level NN
Residents :	403 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Incorporation :	1st January 1975
Postal code :	57392
Area code :	2972
Location of Wormbach in Schmallenberg
	Aerial view of Wormbach

Wormbach is a district of the city of Schmallenberg in North Rhine-Westphalia .

geography

location

The village is around two kilometers northwest of Schmallenberg and around 500 m north of Schmallenberg-Rennefeld Airport . The Wurmbach rises in the village. After about two kilometers it flows into the Wenne .

Neighboring places

Adjacent places are Werpe , Felbecke , Berghausen , Ebbinghof , Obringhausen and Schmallenberg .

history

Wayside shrine "Am Weissen Stein" on Heidenstrasse above Wormbach

Already in the times of the Germanic peoples and the Celts there were probably places of worship in Wormbach and the surrounding area.

Worunbach (later Wormbike, Worunbeke and Worenbike) was mentioned for the first time in 1072 in a document from the Grafschaft monastery . The place is often referred to as the oldest and most important settlement in the Upper Sauerland, although it only had three farms for almost 1000 years. Wormbach owes its importance to its location on the old Heidenstrasse . In 1645 Wormeke was mapped on the Westphalia Ducatus map.

The municipality of Wormbach was independent until the municipal reorganization in North Rhine-Westphalia in 1975. Wormbach, Bracht, Hebbecke, Rotbusch, Werntrop, Selkentrop, Felbecke, Werpe, Harbecke, Altenhof, Ebbinghof and Obringhausen belonged to the municipality of Wormbach (so-called Hawerland).

politics

coat of arms

Blazon :

Growing in gold, Saint Walburgis in black religious clothing with a silver crook in her right hand and a golden oil bottle in her left, covered with a red bar in the base of the shield.

Description:

The Holy Walburgis is revered for centuries in the town. The bar stands for the old Heidenstraße or the old Königsstraße, on which Wormbach is located. The colors are taken from the coat of arms of the Lords of Fürstenberg, who had the right to occupy the parish in the village. The coat of arms was officially approved on August 20, 1965.

religion

Aerial view of St. Peter and Paul

The original parish of Wormbach is the oldest in the Sauerland . In 1072 the parish was subordinated to the Grafschaft monastery. The old parish stretched from the north from Berghausen to Mailar, to the east from Fredeburg to Huxel, to the south from Lenne, Saalhausen, Kohlhagen, Oberhundem to Langenei and in the west to Bracht. It is not yet clear whether Eslohe before 1263 and Oberkirchen before 1295 still belonged to the Wormbach parish. It is certain that Eslohe already belonged to Meschede Abbey in 1263 under Weremar . In 1939 Wormbach, Altenhof, Ebbinghof, Felbeke, Harbecke, Obringhausen, Selkentrop and Werpe belonged to the parish of Wormbach.

As the original parish, the community was the starting point for the Christianization of the upper Sauerland. According to legend, St. Boniface or one of his students is said to have built a little church in Wormbach. The ecclesiastical community would thus have its beginnings before 754.

The Westphalian church historian Heinrich Kampschulte concludes from the Walburga veneration that Christianity came from the nearby Mainz , the special sphere of activity of Boniface. This view was also followed by Franz Fischer, who also made a connection between the Wormbach area and Hesse from the fact that Walburgis oil and the holy Walburga had been venerated for a long time . In contrast, Friedrich Albert Groeteken and Johann Suibert Seibertz assume that the starting point of Christianity in the Wormach area points to Cologne . On the one hand, Wormbach was on Heidenstrasse, which led from Kassel via Wormbach to Cologne. Furthermore, the veneration of St. Peter also points to Cologne as the starting point for Christianization, because the Peter cult was promoted from Cologne. The relationship between Wormbach and Soest also suggests this. At that time, the dead were brought from Soest to Wormbach for reasons that are not clear. Peter was also the patron saint of the first church in Soest. Furthermore, Soest had a close connection to Cologne even before 626. The Wormbach parish was also mentioned first on the founding deed of the Grafschaft monastery.

Cemetery next to the Wormbach parish church

The tradition of the Soester Totenweg is disputed today. In the district of Wormbach, many dead routes were listed in old cadastral maps. Even the dead from Olpe and Drolshagen are said to have been brought to Wormbach. A burial of all the dead was not possible because of the confined space.

The documented first pastor and dean in Wormbach was called Heinrich. In the 13th century he bequeathed his annual pension of 9 guilders, awarded by the Grafschaft monastery, to the village of Selkentrop . The pastor was mentioned again on May 29, 1284 in a document from nobleman Wittekind I von Grafschaft as a witness when he sold goods to the monastery.

Before 1365, a dispute broke out about the pastoral position associated with the dean in Wormbach, after the Archbishop of Cologne, Gottfried von Cobbenrodt, transferred the position. In order to avoid a legal dispute with the removed incumbent, von Cobbenrodt also demanded a papal appointment before taking office. Pope Urban VI. then awarded von Cobbenrodt to the pastorate on April 1, 1366 and made him dean.

During the time of the occidental schism there were disputes in the parish as well. They went into the house of God armed. Supporters of Pope Urban VI were found in many churches and chapels . and the antipope Clement VII . In the years 1400 and 1401, the dean and pastor Heinrich Wrede was charged with serious offenses against church order. He was accused of having held public services with people who had been banned from church . Wrede also allegedly continued to hold masses in interdict churches . Arson and bloodshed subsequently took place in the churches in question. Pope Boniface IX thereupon commissioned the abbot of Kloster Grafschaft to investigate the credibility of the allegations. In the event of an indictment, the position in Wormbach should be transferred to the cleric Gingelbert Saalhusen. At that time he was the vicar of the two vicarages St. Maria ad Gradus and St. Andreas in Cologne . Because he continued to perform official acts in the following years, Dean Wrede has obviously kept the position.

In the period from 1444 to 1553 the parish developed very positively. From 1543 to 1609, the coveted pastor's position was therefore only occupied by later-born sons of the nobility. However, they usually did not exercise any pastoral care, but only carried the title as beneficiaries . A vicar took over the pastoral care on site during this time. From the middle of the 16th century until 1602 there were four pastors from the von Fürstenberg family . In 1559, Kaspar von Fürstenberg became the 12th pastor to hand over his office to his brother Dietrich von Fürstenberg . This was followed for two years by Friedrich von Fürstenberg (Kasper's father) and then by Friedrich von Fürstenberg (Kasper's eldest son ) for 14 years . In 1602 Friedrich resigned his office and in the same year took over the offices from his father Kasper.

During the time of religious turmoil, there was destruction and looting by troops of Gebhard I. von Waldburg . The parish had no pastor at that time. Orderly conditions only returned when, on August 30, 1609, the Count monk Georg Zeppenfeld was appointed by the abbot as the new pastor and dean. The Archbishop of Cologne confirmed the appointment on January 8, 1610. In 1629 the popular pastor was appointed provost of Belecke by the county abbot . After interventions from the population, Zeppenfeld stayed in Wormbach. He later retired to Abbey County due to illness, where he died in 1657.

In the 17th century, the Thirty Years' War and the belief in witches particularly affected the region. Friedrich von Fürstenberg was considered to be one of the main people responsible for the persecution of witches in the Duchy of Westphalia. As a lien owner of the Fredeburg district, he was able to initiate the persecution of witches in his own name in the Oberkirchen patrimonial court .

In 1770, the Grafschafter Mönch and Wormbach pastor Jodokus the Little asked the Abbess of Eichstätt for a relic of St. Walburga. Probably there was no relic in Wormbach before.

The Romanesque church, which still exists in 1230, largely dates from the time it was built. The church tower was struck by lightning several times over the centuries. On the Friday before Pentecost in 1683, two people died in a lightning strike in the tower. In 1730 the tower burned down completely after a thunderstorm. The three bells also melted. In 1885 the tower was damaged again by lightning. Excavations in 1908 uncovered the foundations of a stone basilica from the 8th century. A small wooden church previously stood at this point.

Religious customs

Wormbach had been the seat of a Kaland brotherhood for centuries . In 1669, Abbot Johannes Worth from the Grafschaft monastery renewed the Wormbacher Kaland, which was founded around three hundred years ago.

At the same time there was also a brotherhood of the natives, which existed under the supervision of a peasant judge. The diary of a Thonis Vogt from Ebbinghof from 1675 shows that this brotherhood of building judges existed long before 1675.

Today's parish of St. Peter and Paul with the church of the same name remained an important religious center of the region despite the relatively small population of the place. Every year at the beginning of May, the so-called Walburga week attracts numerous pilgrims from the surrounding places to Wormbach to receive the Walburga blessing there.

From Wormbach, a way of the cross with wayside shrines leads to the nearby Egge , which is also known by the population as Kreuzberg .

Public facilities

"Bürgerhaus", today the residential building and branch of the Volksbank

There is a kindergarten and a sports field in the village. The Catholic public library of St. Peter and Paul Wormbach has been located in the parish hall on the southern outskirts since 1992 .

Attractions

In autumn 2007 the Haverland-Mythenweg , a 25 km long hiking trail along many important places of worship around Wormbach, was set up to make these places come alive. The listed rectory is also worth seeing .

Church of St. Peter and Paul

Church of St. Peter u. Paul Wormbach

The Romanesque Church of St. Peter and Paul in Wormbach dates from the 13th century.

The cross vault of the late Romanesque three-aisled hall church rests on three strong pillars. In the narrow side aisles there are single-hip cap vaults. The representation of the 12 signs of the zodiac in the central nave, which is rare in European church painting, is worth seeing. In the west yoke are the zodiac signs Libra, Sagittarius, Scorpio and Virgo and in the center there is a crowned man who holds a staff in his left hand. The index finger pointing south is connected by a line to the suspension point of the balance. The central yoke contains the zodiac signs Gemini, Leo, Cancer and Taurus as well as a holy deacon in the center. Aries, Aquarius, Pisces and Capricorn are depicted in the eastern yoke and the sun and moon in the center of the keystone. The sun as a male person looks west at sunset; the moon in the shape of a woman looks south.

The organ from the 15th century is significant. The church organ, a work by the organ builder Peter Heinrich Varenholt, is the oldest Westphalian pipe organ.

It is also worth mentioning the baroque interior of the church, on the pulpit there are the figures of the four evangelists and the four Latin church fathers .

Holy Cross Chapel

Kreuzberg Chapel 2008

At the end of the Way of the Cross, which begins near the rectory, is the Holy Cross Chapel ("Kreuzbergkapelle") built in 1818 on the Kreuzberg (Egge). It is a simple chapel with pointed arched windows and a roof turret. Inside, the crucifixion group with Mary and John stands on a neo-baroque altar.

For a long time the chapel was surrounded by forest and therefore not visible from the area. In January 2007, hurricane Kyrill threw down the forest on the hilltop, but left the chapel, which was now free, almost undamaged. Extensive renovation work took place in 2011 and 2012.

Sons and daughters of the place

Thomas Astan (* 1942), religious priest and former actor

literature

Friedrich Albert Groeteken : History of the ancient parish Wormbach, from the book series History of the Parishes of the Wormbach Dean's Office in the Meschede district. Volume II, Part I, Rheinische Verlagsanstalt and Buchdruckerei, Bad Godesberg, 1939.
Franz Dempewolff: Chronicle of the community Wormbach. Fredeburg 1942.
Albert K. Hömberg : The medieval parish system of the Cologne Westphalia.

Web links

Commons : Wormbach - collection of images, videos and audio files

Panorama picture from the church in Wormbach ( Flash player required )

Wormbach in the Westphalia Culture Atlas

Individual evidence

↑ Population figures Schmallenberg 2019 , accessed on July 3, 2020
↑ SUB I No. 30
↑ Friedrich Albert Groeteken : History of the ancient parish Wormbach, p. 5 ff. From the book series History of the Parishes of the Deanery Wormbach in the Meschede district, Volume II, Part I , Rheinische Verlagsanstalt and Buchdruckerei, Bad Godesberg, 1939
^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 335 f .
^ Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Communal coats of arms of the Duchy of Westphalia , Arnsberg 1986, ISBN 3-87793-017-4 , p. 199.
↑ Dornseifer: Story about Eslohe
^ Friedrich Albert Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach, p. 5.
↑ Friedrich Albert Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach , p. 15 ff. From the book series History of the Parishes of the Wormbach Dean's Office in the Meschede district
^ Heinrich Johann Kampschulte: The Westfälische Kirchen-Patrozinien, 1867, p. 36.
^ Franz Ficher: Trutznachtigall VI, 205, 1924
^ Friedrich Albert Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach , p. 26, from the book series History of the Parishes of the Wormbach Dean's Office in the Meschede district
^ Josef Lauber: Stammreihen Sauerländischer Familien, Volume V, Kirchspiel Wormbach , Richard Schwarzbild dissertation print, Witterschlick near Bonn, 1978, p. VI.
^ Seibertz, III, 429, Customer of Westphalia, 14, 1876
↑ SUB I No. 411; WUB VII No. 1092 and Groeteken: History of the ancient parish of Wormbach, p. 63
↑ SUB II No. 780; Sauerland, documents and regests of the Rhineland V No. 494; Groeteken: History of the ancient parish of Wormbach, p. 18
↑ Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach, p. 18
↑ Sauerland, documents and registers VII No. 202, 203
^ Friedrich Albert Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach, p. 68 ff.
↑ The great witch hunt in the Fredeburg office around 1630 ( Memento from April 24, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
^ Friedrich Albert Groeteken: History of the ancient parish of Wormbach, p. 23
↑ Helma Theisen, Volkszeitung, Cologne, No. 180 of July 3, 1937 and Friedrich Albert Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach, p. 25
↑ Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach, p. 34
^ Anniversary of the Wormbach library. In: hawerland.de. November 25, 2012, archived from the original on January 3, 2016 ; Retrieved December 25, 2012 .
↑ Sauerlandkirchenführer, p. 20 ( Memento from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.8 MB)
^ Weber, Bruns, 2002, Architectural and Art Monuments of the City of Schmallenberg
↑ Stadtsparkasse: 2,500 euros for the renovation of the Kreuzberg chapel. In: derwesten.de. December 11, 2008, accessed December 26, 2012 .
↑ Hsk: "cleaned up" damage - Schmallenberg. In: sauerlandkurier.de. September 25, 2011, accessed May 4, 2019 .
↑ The "ladder to heaven" / information and impressions. Light object by E.LIN (Erwin Wiegerling). In: pv-dorlar-wormbach.de. Pastoral Association Dorlar-Wormbach, archived from the original on November 18, 2012 ; Retrieved December 26, 2012 .

[1] Population figures Schmallenberg 2019 , accessed on July 3, 2020

[2] SUB I No. 30

[3] Friedrich Albert Groeteken : History of the ancient parish Wormbach, p. 5 ff. From the book series History of the Parishes of the Deanery Wormbach in the Meschede district, Volume II, Part I , Rheinische Verlagsanstalt and Buchdruckerei, Bad Godesberg, 1939

[4] Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 335 f .

[5] Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Communal coats of arms of the Duchy of Westphalia , Arnsberg 1986, ISBN 3-87793-017-4 , p. 199.

[6] Dornseifer: Story about Eslohe

[7] Friedrich Albert Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach, p. 5.

[8] Friedrich Albert Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach , p. 15 ff. From the book series History of the Parishes of the Wormbach Dean's Office in the Meschede district

[9] Heinrich Johann Kampschulte: The Westfälische Kirchen-Patrozinien, 1867, p. 36.

[10] Franz Ficher: Trutznachtigall VI, 205, 1924

[11] Friedrich Albert Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach , p. 26, from the book series History of the Parishes of the Wormbach Dean's Office in the Meschede district

[12] Josef Lauber: Stammreihen Sauerländischer Familien, Volume V, Kirchspiel Wormbach , Richard Schwarzbild dissertation print, Witterschlick near Bonn, 1978, p. VI.

[13] Seibertz, III, 429, Customer of Westphalia, 14, 1876

[14] SUB I No. 411; WUB VII No. 1092 and Groeteken: History of the ancient parish of Wormbach, p. 63

[15] SUB II No. 780; Sauerland, documents and regests of the Rhineland V No. 494; Groeteken: History of the ancient parish of Wormbach, p. 18

[16] Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach, p. 18

[17] Sauerland, documents and registers VII No. 202, 203

[18] Friedrich Albert Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach, p. 68 ff.

[19] The great witch hunt in the Fredeburg office around 1630 ( Memento from April 24, 2005 in the Internet Archive )

[20] Friedrich Albert Groeteken: History of the ancient parish of Wormbach, p. 23

[21] Helma Theisen, Volkszeitung, Cologne, No. 180 of July 3, 1937 and Friedrich Albert Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach, p. 25

[22] Groeteken: History of the ancient parish Wormbach, p. 34

[23] Anniversary of the Wormbach library. In: hawerland.de. November 25, 2012, archived from the original on January 3, 2016 ; Retrieved December 25, 2012 .

[24] Sauerlandkirchenführer, p. 20 ( Memento from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.8 MB)

[25] Weber, Bruns, 2002, Architectural and Art Monuments of the City of Schmallenberg

[26] Stadtsparkasse: 2,500 euros for the renovation of the Kreuzberg chapel. In: derwesten.de. December 11, 2008, accessed December 26, 2012 .

[sauerlan-844660-27] Hsk: "cleaned up" damage - Schmallenberg. In: sauerlandkurier.de. September 25, 2011, accessed May 4, 2019 .

[28] The "ladder to heaven" / information and impressions. Light object by E.LIN (Erwin Wiegerling). In: pv-dorlar-wormbach.de. Pastoral Association Dorlar-Wormbach, archived from the original on November 18, 2012 ; Retrieved December 26, 2012 .