Boedefeld

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Boedefeld
City of Schmallenberg
Coordinates: 51 ° 14 ′ 49 ″  N , 8 ° 23 ′ 35 ″  E
Height : 488  (480-818)  m
Residents : 1126  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 57392
Area code : 02977
Bödefeld (Schmallenberg)
Boedefeld

Location of Bödefeld in Schmallenberg
Bödefeld entering the village from Osterwald
Bödefeld entering the village from Osterwald

Bödefeld is a district of the town of Schmallenberg with 1126 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in the Hochsauerlandkreis ( North Rhine-Westphalia ).

geography

location

Palm tree in Bödefeld

The place is about 13 kilometers northeast of the core town Schmallenberg and 15 kilometers northwest of Winterberg in the Hochsauerland. Bödefeld is 480 to 818 meters above sea level at an average altitude of 500 meters. The city of Arnsberg with the seat of the district government is 28 kilometers northwest and Dortmund 70 kilometers northwest of the place.

To the south, the wooded mountains of the Hunau ridge rise up to 818 meters above sea level. The palm flows through Bödefeld and flows into the Brabecke below Westernbödefeld. To the east and west, rather flatter meadows and pastures extend through smaller streams.

Neighboring places

Neighboring places are Gellinghausen , Westernbödefeld , Brabecke , Osterwald , Obervalme ( Bestwig municipality ), Lanfert , Hiege and Walbecke .

history

Boedefeld 1905
Thanksgiving procession in Bödefeld, 1935
Church of St. Cosmas and Damian

According to a legend, the name Bödefeld comes from the name Buddo. St. Around the year 800, Bishop Ludger is said to have brought back to life a man named Buddo, who had been lynched as a supposed horse thief, in the area of ​​today's village of Bödefeld. At the place of the miracle, residents erected a cross and then a settlement called Buddenfeld.

Bödefeld was first mentioned in 1072 in a document from the Grafschaft monastery (called Buodevelden). On February 22, 1342, the place received the freedom rights from Count Gottfried von Arnsberg and was thus almost equal to cities in terms of self-administration. In the Middle Ages, Bödefeld was an important trading center on Heidenstrasse and a member of the Hanseatic League . In 1450, an electoral judge was first named to Bödefeld . In 1645 Freihudefelt was mapped on the Westphalia Ducatus map.

The first Jew settled in Bödefeld around 1754. In 1826 there were 16 Jewish residents in Bödefeld, including three school-age children. The Jewish cemetery in Bödefeld, established in 1830, has been preserved to this day.

During World War II , from April 1, 1945, Bödefeld was part of the Ruhr basin that was enclosed by Allied troops . From April 5th, Bödefeld and the area of ​​the municipality of Bödefeld-Land were fired at by the US Army with guns from the east. German artillery deployed in the village shot back. As early as the Easter days, Bödefeld had transformed into a German army ranger. Among them were men from the Volkssturm from Düsseldorf and later also from Cologne who did not even have all the rifles. The population prepared for fighting by preparing basements as accommodation and burying valuables. When the death of four people from a shell hit in Westernbödefeld became known on the evening of April 5th, some of the residents fled to Gellinghausen or the forest near Brabecke. Others go to their cellars or fled to the Grötmecke tunnel. On April 6, the shelling intensified and the first resident was wounded. On April 7, US troops took Walbecke. In the afternoon, US fighter bombers attacked the village with bombs and on-board weapons. Guns also hit the village massively. Seven residents were killed and 25 houses went up in flames. The church tower and church burned down. German soldiers and cattle were also killed and wounded. The whole village turned into chaos. Now other residents fled into the woods, some even to the east through the thin line of defense of the German infantry. These people had to spend the night among the enemy troops. Three more houses were set on fire that night, one of which burned to the ground. In the night of April 7th to 8th, the German units withdrew. Only a few soldiers remained. On the morning of April 8th, a US patrol from Lanfert appeared. A Volkssturm man from Cologne was shot. US soldiers fogged the village around noon. A little later, US tanks moved into the place. German soldiers fleeing were shot at and some were wounded. The US soldiers captured a few German soldiers. German artillery shot into the village towards the afternoon.

During the Second World War, 26 men from the Bödefeld-Freiheit community, i.e. the village itself, died, most of them on the Eastern Front . Another 34 men from the municipality of Bödefeld-Land were killed as soldiers or died in the hospital.

The publicist Gerhard Giese founded the Catholic weekly newspaper Neue Bildpost with Wilhelm Adelmann in Bödefeld in 1951 .

As part of the municipal reform of January 1, 1975, the previously independent municipality of Freiheit Bödefeld (with Hiege, Lanfert and Walbecke) was incorporated into the newly founded town of Schmallenberg.

Bödefeld Castle

Knight Hunold von Hanxleden built the small Bödefeld Castle in Bödefeld between 1425 and 1428 at the suggestion of the Elector . The castle was square in plan and about 30 feet long on each side. Farm buildings and a larger estate as well as a hunter's house belonged to the castle. The lords of Hanxleden sat at the castle until around 1550. In the middle of the 18th century the castle was already in ruins. In 1759 stones from the ruined castle complex were used to build the Bödefeld church tower.

politics

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the former municipality of Freiheit Bödefeld

Blazon :

Divided and split below: above in red side by side the silver-clad, gold-nimbed Saints Cosmas and Damian in a bust, the former holding a medicine bottle, the latter holding a medicinal herb, below in front in blue at the gap a golden armed silver eagle, behind in silver a continuous black cross.

Description:

The coat of arms of the former municipality of Freiheit Bödefeld shows the symbols of the former sovereigns in the lower half. The silver eagle on a blue background is reminiscent of the county of Arnsberg , the black cross on a silver background of the Electorate of Cologne . In the upper half the pictures of the church patrons Cosmas and Damian are shown.

The State Ministry in Berlin approved the seal coat of arms of the community of Freiheit Bödefeld on October 24, 1927. The community kept the seal coat of arms until 1975.

However, this coat of arms, approved in 1927, does not correspond to the original seal of Liberty Bödefeld. On the oldest surviving seal from 1590, the cartridges are not depicted as young people, as in the seal from 1927, but as mature men. They also do not carry any symbols in their hands. The said seal carried the inscription: COS + DA + SECRET + DER + VRIHET + BEDEVELT = Cos (mas) Da (mian) Secret (um) [= small city seal] of the Liberty Bödefeld.

Infrastructure

  • Road: The nearest motorway junction is in the north on the A 46 near the district town of Meschede .
To the west runs Bundesstraße 55 , in the east the B 480 and in the south, the B 511 and B236 . Public buses run to the surrounding towns.

Tourism and economy

View from the ski slope on the Hunau in winter 2006

There are numerous overnight accommodation options in Bödefeld, ranging from four-star hotels and private accommodation to holiday apartments and thus practically covering the whole range of individual needs. There is also a campsite. Cafés and restaurants also offer day-trippers and hikers a number of refreshment stops. There is a public indoor pool with a sauna and steam bath, as well as two Kneipp basins, two tennis courts, a mini golf course and a game reserve.

  • The Hollenlauf or Hollenmarsch has been held annually since 2006.
  • Summer vacation: In summer, the tourist destination is particularly popular with hikers and short-term guests
  • Winter sports: The “Bödefeld-Hunau” ski area is only a few kilometers south of the Hunau mountain with several lifts that lead up to a height of 810 meters above sea level and some easy to moderately difficult slopes. The longest slope in the Sauerland is also located here. There are several cross-country ski trails in the immediate vicinity of Bödefeld.

Even if Bödefeld is apparently still characterized by agriculture, agriculture and forestry hardly play an economic role anymore. Since there are actually no industrial companies worth mentioning, most industrial workers have to commute to neighboring towns and cities. In Bödefeld there are still a few shops for daily needs and a few retail stores.

education

school

In Bödefeld there is a primary school and a kindergarten as well as a public Catholic library.

Attractions

In addition to the numerous half-timbered and slate houses in the village, the Catholic parish church of St. Cosmas and Damian is the main attraction. The current nave was built in 1910/1911. The design in the form of an octagon comes from Joseph Buchkremer from Aachen , just like the neo-Romanesque extension of the parish church in Balve, which was built at the same time .

The church tower with the previous building of the nave was built around the year 1750. The famous “Black Hand” is located in a niche in the tower. It is the mummified right hand of a girl that was found when the church was built in 1722. There are several legends about the “Black Hand”.

Biological station Hochsauerlandkreis

Former biological station

From 1993 to 2017, Bödefeld was the seat of the "Biological Station Hochsauerlandkreis". This takes care of the maintenance of the nature reserves (a total of 8000 hectares) in the district and creates maintenance and development plans for this. In addition, the station provides scientific support for the protection and recording of endangered plant and animal species. An important project is the care of the European bird sanctuary Medebacher Bucht . The Biological Station building was demolished in October 2017.

Personalities

literature

  • Albert Huyskens : The district of Meschede under the fire roller of the Second World War - compiled from the experience reports of many employees from the entire district and presented on behalf of the district administration. W. Bertelsmann Verlag, Bielefeld 1949.
  • Pastor Heinrich Marx: Is my dear home - Chronicle of the parish of Bödefeld. Verlag Katholischer Schriftendienst, Bödefeld, 1958.
  • 650 Years of Freedom Bödefeld, commemorative publication commemorating the granting of freedom rights to Bödefeld 650 years ago by Count Gottfried IV von Arnsberg on February 22, 1342. Edited by the working group 650 Years of Freedom Bödefeld, 1992
  • Werner Schubert, Christiane Breder: Enabling the oppressed nature to survive. Nature Conservation Center - Biological Station - Hochsauerlandkreis . In: Yearbook Hochsauerlandkreis, vol. 1999, pp. 11–16.

Web links

Commons : Bödefeld  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population figures Schmallenberg 2019 , accessed on June 30, 2020
  2. ^ Albert Huyskens: The district of Meschede under the fire roller of the Second World War. Bielefeld 1949. pp. 61-65.
  3. ^ Albert Huyskens: The Meschede district under the fire roller of the second world war. Bielefeld 1949. pp. 155-156.
  4. ↑ WP.de: lucky in life from December 28, 2010 retrieved on August 8, 2020
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 335 f .
  6. ↑ Seibertz in the document book II, on document 795, page 541.
  7. ^ The castle of Bödefeld
  8. ^ Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Communal coats of arms of the Duchy of Westphalia. Arnsberg 1986, p. 135.
  9. ↑ The black hand . heimatverein-boedefeld.de. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
  10. ↑ Biological station moves from Bödefeld to Brilon
  11. ^ Demolition of the former biological station in Bödefeld