Rachelshausen

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Rachelshausen
City of Gladenbach
The coat of arms of Rachelshausen
Coordinates: 50 ° 47 ′ 17 ″  N , 8 ° 31 ′ 46 ″  E
Height : 413  (400-428)  m above sea level NHN
Area : 3.01 km²
Residents : 149  (December 30, 2017)
Population density : 50 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : July 1, 1974
Postal code : 35075
Area code : 06462
Image by Rachelshausen

Rachelshausen is the highest district of Gladenbach in the central Hessian district of Marburg-Biedenkopf .

geography

location

The place is north-west of Gladenbach in the Gladenbacher Bergland and thus in the Lahn-Dill-Bergland nature park directly at the 552 m high Daubhaus. State road 3288 runs through the village .

geology

Rachelshäuser Diabase

Ultra-basic type of sub-carbonic magmatism . Not connected to the basic diabases and olivine diabases by transitions . Intrustively present in Devonian rocks.

Characteristic black-brown, irregularly grained weathering bark (color of the freshly excavated rock: black-green). The "flaming" or drawing is caused by the accumulation of plagioclases (Kafka, potash feldspars), which can be up to 54% in these areas.

Mineralogical composition:

49% olivine (which is largely converted into serpentine )
36% augite (which is largely converted into chloride )
10% plagioclase (calcareous alkali feldspar) with a high calcium content (anorhite component 88%)
5% picotite (iron chrome spinel), apatite , garnet , copper pyrites, pentlandite (nickel ore)
Age of the diabase: approx. 400 to 450 million years

Creation of the Rachelshausen diabase

Diabase originated in the Lahn-Dill-Bergland in the Devonian and Lower Carboniferous . They penetrated the weak zones of the earth's crust, which arose at the beginning of the folding of the Rhenish Slate Mountains. Today they occur as gangue rock, sometimes also as deck diabase, which penetrated to the surface of the earth and then spread as blanket fumes. Sometimes the diabase also emerged from the seabed. As a result, they solidified as so-called pillow lava in round sack- or pillow-shaped shapes. The outer crust of these “pillows” solidified as a result of the reaction with sea water to form a “gals” that weathered much faster than the actual diabase. As a result, large, round blocks with an irregular pitted surface can be found in the higher parts of the diabase exposure, which the stone industry usually calls boulders and which were used as "gemstones" in gardening and landscaping.

In the fresh quarry, diabase and related rocks are green-black, which is why they are also known as green stones (Hinterland green stone). They weather brown-red.

history

Evangelical Chapel in Rachelshausen from 1627

The village was first mentioned in documents in 1336 as a revenge boldishusin . In 1354 Ruprecht von Rachelshausen sold his estate at Hülshof to the Altenberg monastery near Wetzlar.

The Evangelical Chapel in Rachelshausen was probably built in 1626/1627.

The statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse reports on Rachelshausen in 1830:

"Rachelshausen (L. Bez. Gladenbach) evangel. Branch village; is on a hill, 1 St. from Gladenbach, has 12 houses and 95 inhabitants, who are Protestant except for 1 Catholics. The inhabitants are wealthy, and livestock and the forests give them a good income. The very rich iron mines, which are run on account of the state enterprise, supply a not very rich iron stone, which is melted in the Ludwigshütte near Biedenkopf. Nearby is the Rachelshausen head, the 2112 Hess. (1625 par.) Feet above the surface of the sea. "

Territorial reform

On 1 July 1974 saw in the course of administrative reform in Hesse by state law the merger of the city Gladenbach with communities Bellnhausen, Diedenshausen, Erdhausen, Friebertshausen, Frohnhausen b. Gladenbach, Kehlnbach, Mornshausen a. S., Rachelshausen, Römershausen, Rüchenbach, Sinkershausen, Weidenhausen and Weitershausen to today's city of Gladenbach. Local districts have been set up for all formerly independent communities and Gladenbach .

Ring wall

On the Daubhaus , in the north of the village, is the Daubhaus ring wall .

Leipzig-Kölner-Fernhandelsstrasse

View from "Hohen Straße" directly above the quarry towards the middle Salzbödetal, with the Dünsberg in the background

The route of the once very important high-medieval long-distance trade route, Leipzig-Kölner-Strasse, also called Hohe Strasse or Brabanter Strasse , ran through Rachelshausen because it led to Antwerp in the Duchy of Brabant . As early as 1255 it was called strada publica (public road). It led from Marburg on the Allna-Salzböde-Wasserscheide via Rachelshausen to the intersection of the old highways at Angelburg (mountain) and continued there in the direction of Siegen. Rachelshausen was a resting place before the steep ascent to the Bottenhorn plateau . There was fresh water from a spring and additional draft animals for the opening credits. Northwest of Rachelshausen, above the quarry, the trade route crossed the northern older part of the Mittelhessische Landheege , the Innenheege. There used to be a control and customs post secured with ramparts (still visible) and a barrier.

Rachelshausen quarry

The large "Kuhwald" diabase quarry in Rachelshausen, which was closed in 1996

From around 1880 until 1995, diabase was broken and processed in the nearby quarries . From the beginning of the 17th century, Roteisenstein was sought and mined in the district. Small amounts of hematite are also found in crevices of the diabase .

Diabase is a rock of volcanic origin that occurs widely in the Rhenish Slate Mountains. In its chemical composition it is similar to the basalt that occurs in the Vogelsberg and the Westerwald. However, diabase is much different because of its age, its special origin and its mineral composition.

As a natural monument, the quarry is now a protected landscape component .

Historical forms of names

In surviving documents, Rachelshausen was mentioned under the following place names (each with the year of mention):

  • 1336 Revenge Boldishusin
  • 1344 Rachwaldishausen
  • around 1400 Racholtzhusen
  • 1502 Racheltzhusen
  • from 1546 Rachelshausen

Territorial history and administration

The following list gives an overview of the territories in which Rachelshausen was located and the administrative units to which it was subordinate:

Courts since 1821

In 1821, as part of the separation of the judiciary and administration, the jurisprudence was transferred to the newly created regional courts. From 1821 until it was assigned to Prussia in 1866, “Landgericht Gladenbach” was the name for the court of first instance in Gladenbach. The “Hofgericht Gießen” was set up as a court of second instance for the province of Upper Hesse . The superior court of appeal in Darmstadt was superordinate .

After the Biedenkopf district was ceded to Prussia as a result of the peace treaty of September 3, 1866 between the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Kingdom of Prussia , the district of Gladenbach became Prussian. In June 1867 a royal decree was issued that reorganized the court system in the former Duchy of Nassau and the parts of the area that had previously belonged to the Grand Duchy of Hesse. The previous judicial authorities were to be repealed and replaced by local courts in the first, district courts in the second and an appeal court in the third instance. In the course of this, on September 1, 1867, the previous regional court was renamed the Gladenbach District Court. The courts of the higher instances were the District Court of Dillenburg and the Court of Appeal in Wiesbaden .

From October 1, 1944 to January 1, 1949, the Gladenbach District Court belonged to the Limburg District Court , but then again to the Marburg District Court . On July 1, 1968, the Gladenbach District Court was repealed, which from then on only served as a branch of the Biedenkopf District Court . On November 1, 2003, this branch was finally closed.

population

Population development

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1502: 5 men
• 1577: 9 house seats
• 1630: 8 house seats (6 two-horse, 1 single-horse farm workers, 1 cowherd)
• 1742: 16 households
• 1791: 66 inhabitants
• 1800: 66 inhabitants
• 1806: 67 inhabitants, 10 houses
• 1829: 95 inhabitants, 12 houses
Rachelshausen: Population from 1830 to 2017
year     Residents
1830
  
 95
1834
  
 76
1840
  
 88
1846
  
 92
1852
  
 89
1858
  
 105
1864
  
 104
1871
  
 98
1875
  
 96
1885
  
 77
1895
  
 93
1905
  
 100
1910
  
 111
1925
  
 100
1939
  
 101
1946
  
 163
1950
  
 165
1956
  
 169
1961
  
 173
1967
  
 183
1980
  
 ?
1990
  
 ?
2000
  
 160
2004
  
 171
2006
  
 163
2010
  
 152
2013
  
 144
2015
  
 144
2017
  
 142
Data source: Historical municipality register for Hesse: The population of the municipalities from 1834 to 1967. Wiesbaden: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt, 1968.
Further sources:; From 2000 City of Gladenbach web archive

Religious affiliation

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1829: 094 Protestant, one Roman Catholic resident
• 1885: 077 Protestant (= 100%) residents
• 1961: 140 Protestant (= 80.92%), 33 Roman Catholic (= 19.08%) residents

Gainful employment

 Source: Historical local dictionary

• 1867: Labor force: 76 agriculture, 5 mining and metallurgy, 3 transport.
• 1961: Labor force: 27 agriculture and forestry, 34 manufacturing, 9 trade and transport, 5 services and other.

coat of arms

The coat of arms was awarded in 1962.

Blazon : In white a curved red half-timbered inclined, the four gussets of which are each occupied with four heart figures.

literature

  • 650 years of Rachelshausen , "Amt Blankenstein", special edition of the journal of the Heimatverein and Heimatmuseum Amt Blankenstein eV, Gladenbach 1986
  • Rachelshausen in the 20th century, people, houses, traditions , Eds. Stefan Debus, Robert Müller, L&W Druck, Bad Endbach 2011
  • The history of construction and maintenance of the half-timbered chapel of Rachelshausen , Gerald Bamberger, Matthias Kornitzky and Thomas Urban, Ev. Rentamt, Biedenkopf 1998
  • Chronicle of the school in Rachelshausen , Stefan Debus, L&W Druck, Bad Endbach 2013
  • The Kuhwald Rachelshausen quarry , Stefan Debus, L&W Druck, Bad Endbach 2017
  • Road construction Rachelshausen 1951–1956, magazine of the Heimat- und Museumverein "Amt Blankenstein" eV, Stefan Debus, Stefan Runzheimer, Franz Brandl and Robert Müller, Gladenbach 2018
  • Literature about Rachelshausen in the Hessian Bibliography
  • Search for Rachelshausen in the archive portal-D of the German Digital Library

Web links

Commons : Rachelshausen (Gladenbach)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Rachelshausen, Marburg-Biedenkopf district. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. (As of October 16, 2018). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  2. ↑ Population figures on the website of the City of Gladenbach, accessed on March 23, 2018
  3. ^ A b c Georg Wilhelm Justin Wagner : Statistical-topographical-historical description of the Grand Duchy of Hesse: Province of Upper Hesse . tape 3 . Carl Wilhelm Leske, Darmstadt August 1830, OCLC 312528126 , p. 236 ( online at google books ).
  4. ↑ Law on the reorganization of the Biedenkopf and Marburg districts and the city of Marburg (Lahn) (GVBl. II 330-27) of March 12, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 9 , p. 154 , § 21 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3.0 MB ]).
  5. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 350-351 .
  6. ↑ Robert Müller: " Rachelshausen und seine Steinbruch", The occurrence of diabase makes the place known throughout Germany , Hinterländer Geschichtsblätter, No. 4, December 2009, pp. 93, 94, 95; History supplement of the Hinterländer Anzeiger , Biedenkopf
  7. ↑ Stefan Debus: Der Steinbruch Kuhwald Rachelshausen , ed. Festival Committee 675 Years Rachelshausen, Bad Endbach, October 2017, 301 p., Numerous photos
  8. ↑ Robert Müller: " Bergbau in Rachelshausen", Die Gruben Wiederhoffnung and Ritschtal , Hinterländer Geschichtsblätter, No. 4, December 2008, pp. 57, 58, 59; History supplement of the Hinterländer Anzeiger , Biedenkopf
  9. ^ Robert Müller: Diabasvorkommen Rachelshausen , unpublished personal communication
  10. ↑ Nationally significant habitats in the Rachelshausen quarry - the district finances shrub removal measures ( Memento of November 7, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Press release 76/2005 of March 8, 2005 on marburg-biedenkopf.de
  11. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. State of Hesse. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ^ Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 12 ff . ( Online at google books ).
  13. ^ The affiliation of the office Blankenstein based on maps from the Historical Atlas of Hessen : Hessen-Marburg 1567-1604 . , Hessen-Kassel and Hessen-Darmstadt 1604–1638 . and Hessen-Darmstadt 1567–1866 .
  14. ↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 7 ( online at google books ).
  15. ↑ a b Grand Ducal Central Office for State Statistics (ed.): Contributions to the statistics of the Grand Duchy of Hesse . tape 13 . G. Jonghause's Hofbuchhandlung, Darmstadt 1872, DNB  013163434 , OCLC 162730471 , p. 27 ff ., § 40 point 6c) ( online at google books ).
  16. ↑ a b Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1806 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1806, p.  244 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  17. ↑ Art. 14 of the peace treaty between the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Kingdom of Prussia of September 3, 1866 ( Hess. Reg.Bl. pp. 406-407 )
  18. ↑ Ordinance on the constitution of the courts in the former Duchy of Nassau and the former Grand Ducal Hessian territories excluding the Meisenheim district of June 26, 1867. ( PrGS 1867, pp. 1094–1103 )
  19. ↑ Order of August 7, 1867, regarding the establishment of the according to the Most High Ordinance of June 26th J. in the former Duchy of Nassau and the former Grand Ducal Hessian territories, with the exclusion of the Oberamtsbezirks Meisenheim, courts to be formed ( Pr. JMBl. Pp. 218-220 )
  20. ↑ Decree amending the higher regional court districts of July 20, 1944 ( RGBl. I p. 163 )
  21. ↑ Subject: Court organization (change of district court districts) of December 14, 1948 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1948 no. 52 , p. 563 , item 728 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 3,4 MB ]).
  22. ↑ Second law amending the Court Organization Act (Amends GVBl. II 210–16) of February 12, 1968 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1968 No. 4 , p. 41–44 , Article 1, Paragraph 6 b) and Article 2, Paragraph 8 a) ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 298 kB ]).
  23. ↑ Subject: Court organization (establishment of branches of local courts) of July 1, 1964 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (Ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1968 No. 28 , p. 1037 , point 777: Section 1, Paragraph 5 ( online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 2.8 MB ]).
  24. ↑ Third ordinance on the adjustment of the organizational rules of the court (changes GVBl. II 210–33; GVBl. II 210–86) of October 10, 2003 . In: The Hessian Minister of Justice (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 2003 No. 16 , p. 291 , Article 1, Paragraph 3) ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 531 kB ]). refers to the order on the establishment and jurisdiction of judicial branches (changes GVBl. II 210-33) of May 24, 1974 . In: Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 18 , p. 539 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.6 MB ]).
  25. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1791 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1791, p.  188 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  26. ↑ Hessen-Darmstadt state and address calendar 1800 . In the publishing house of the Invaliden-Anstalt, Darmstadt 1800, p.  201 ( online in the HathiTrust digital library ).
  27. ↑ Population figures from the web archive: 2004 , 2006 , 2010–2012 , from 2014
  28. ↑ Approval of a coat of arms and a flag for the community of Rachelshausen, Biedenkopf district from September 12, 1962 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1962 No. 39 , p. 1306 , point 1070 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.2 MB ]).